含铬重金属废水处理的试验研究

采用铁屑固定床反应器去除工业废水中的铬．废水进入反应器后,通过铁屑固定床反应器的电化学反应的氧化还原、铁屑对絮体的电附集和对反应的催化作用、以及电池反应产物的混凝、新生絮体的吸附和床层的吸附过滤等综合效应,使重金属铬得以从废水中除去．试验结果表明,去除铬废水的最佳工艺条件为：pH=6．0～6．5,HRT=7h,采用连续曝气,曝气量为0．2L／min;铁屑固定床处理含铬废水运行稳定,去除率高,出水可以达到国家排放标准．     

曝气生物滤池中生物膜的活性研究

在上流式曝气生物滤池中，使用球形陶粒作填料，对城市生活污水进行处理．研究了在生物滤池中滤料上生物膜及滤料间生物絮体的活性．实验表明，滤料间生物絮体对有机物的去除和生物膜具有类似作用，曝气生物滤池对污水的处理是生物膜和生物絮体共同作用的结果，实验为曝气生物滤池运行机理及反冲洗时间的优化提供了理论依据。     

铁屑内电解法处理EDTA络合铜废水的研究

采用以铁屑为阳极材料,活性炭为阴极催化剂的铁屑内电解法处理EDTA络舍铜废水。通过中试装置间歇流实验研究了铁屑内电解法对EDTA络合铜的去除效果及其影响因素;利用连续流试验确定最佳反应条件：pH=1．39,停留时间为20min。最佳条件下铜和COD的去除率分别为96．75％和27．29％。内电解法处理EDTA络合铜废水...     

微波辅助催化氧化高浓度含醛废水应用研究

考查了活性炭（GAC）固定床反应器在微波辅助催化氧化作用下对某石化公司高浓度含醛废水的连续处理情况，在消除活性炭吸附作用后，在微波功率400W、废水流量6．0mL／min、空气流量0．085m^3／h和45gGAC条件下对含醛废水（初始CODCr浓度为33494mg／L）进行了处理．实验结果表明，含醛废水的CODCr去除率为94％，TOC去除率为99％；在没有GAC的条件下，微波对含醛废水则几乎没有效果．     

铁屑法预处理焦化废水

焦化废水脱氮大多采用生化法处理,但化学需氧量（COD）高不利于后续生物脱氮的行为,为了降解COD,采用铁屑法对焦化废水进行预处理。在铁屑中加入辅料并曝气对焦化废水进行预处理,在没有将废水pH调节至酸性的情况下,取得了较发好的预处理效果,CODcr的去除率约40％。实验结果表明影响因素的重要性依次为铁屑用量、石墨用量、辅料A用量、处理时间、曝气时间。预处理反应器运行两个月,处理效率没有显著降低,运行结果稳定。     

电凝聚废水处理一体化装置

项目简介 电凝聚气浮法是一项有效的废水处理技术。其基本原理是废水在外电压作用下，利用可溶性阳极，产生大量的金属离子，对废水中的胶体颗粒进行凝聚，而阴极则产生氢气，与凝聚后产生的絮状物体发生粘附，从而使絮体上浮而得到分离。此外，电场的作用以及电极上发生的氧化还原反应使废水中的部分有机物被氧化，从而去除废水的部分CODCr。     

铜氨制药废水除铜脱氨预处理

研究了氟洛芬有机制药铜氨废水的除铜除氨预处理工艺.采用铁屑置换法对含铜废水进行除铜,除铜工艺的最优条件为,调节含铜废水的pH=2～3,投加3倍理论用量的铁屑,搅拌反应,反应时间为1.5 h,在反应过程中需保持反应液pH低于4,防止Fe3 大量生成重新溶解释出的铜.反应后铜浓度由712 mg/L降至9.2 mg/L,去除率为98.7%.为去除引入的铁盐,调节废水pH=5,鼓风曝气后,投加阴离子PAM,投加量为1 mg/L,混凝20 min后废水铁含量低于14mg/L.采用磷酸铵镁沉淀法对除铜后的混合废水进行除氨,除氨工艺的最优条件为,调节废水pH=9.0,MgCl2·6H2O和Na2HPO4·12H2O投加量为Mg2 :NH4 ·PO43-(摩尔比)=1:1:1,搅拌反应,反应时间20 min,反应后NH3-N浓度由991.5 mg/L降至101 mg/L,去除率为89.8%,剩余磷为6.1 mg/L.铁屑置换法与磷酸铵镁沉淀法的组合能有效去除铜氨,预处理后,废水BOD5/CODcr由0.07上升至0.34,可生化性有了很大提高,可以进入后续生物处理工艺.     

两相厌氧／好氧工艺处理屠宰废水的工程应用

屠宰废水有机物浓度和色度较高，水质和水量波动较大。采用两相厌氧／好氧工艺处理该类废水。废水经过两道格栅去除颗粒悬浮物，然后经厌氧接触池、厌氧挡板反应器，再经SBR反应器去除有机物，最后过滤出水。在厌氧挡板反应池内安装弹性组合填料，并投加活化沸石作为戴体，以提高反应器的处理效率。工程实际运行结果表明，吨水投资费用为0．35万元，运行成本为0．6元／m3。应用该工艺处理屠宰废水，易于操作，出水水质稳定，满足国家排放标准，处理效率高，是一种值得推广的方法．     

动态膜生物反应器膜污染过程及阻力分析

采用孔径90μm的尼龙筛网作为微网基材,建立动态膜生物反应器系统,用以处理模拟生活污水,并在不同容积负荷下运行3组动态膜生物反应器,研究反应器动态膜污染的特征与机理.结果表明:过大和过小的负荷均会增加膜污染,过小的曝气强度不能有效去除膜表面污染物,而过大的曝气强度会导致污泥絮体破坏,产生大量的胶体粒子和大分子有机物,使得膜通量下降;在较大曝气强度下,胶体粒子和溶解性有机物在膜表面及膜孔的沉积吸附是导致膜污染形成的根本原因.胞外聚合物含量和组成以及污泥黏度是影响动态膜生物反应器膜污染的主要因素.     

三相三维电极技术处理偶氮类染料废水研究

以活性炭为载体,通过浸渍法制备了负载锰氧化物的负载型粒子电极。运用自制反应器,利用三相三维电极法处理一定浓度的甲基橙模拟废水,考察甲基橙模拟废水中COD与色度去除的影响因素和处理效果,并初步探讨了甲基橙降解的反应动力学。通过单因素实验确定的最佳实验条件是,电压10V,曝气量为0．8L／min;反应动力学分析可知,降解甲基橙模拟废水的反应符合一级动力学规律。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.