多孔陶瓷的制备及其应用

多空陶瓷材料内部由众多均匀分布的桥联拱形微孔衔接而成．作为一种重要的功能性材料,与常规结构陶瓷材料相比,多孔材料有更多的优越性能．诸如：均匀的孔径大小,较高的比表面积,极强的抗酸碱腐蚀性能,较好的抗磨损性等．本文综述了多孔陶瓷的类型工艺制备及应用前景．     

互联网上免费化学化工信息资源的获取

互联网上化学化工信息资源非常丰富,掌握这些信息资源的获取方法与途径,是有效和充分利用互联网化学化工信息资源开展科学研究的基础.本文介绍了一批可免费获取的化学化工信息资源及其特点,并提供了一些实用网址,以供广大化学化工研究者们参考.     

专业认证背景下的化学工程与工艺专业建设研究

目前我国工程教育专业认证已经进入了稳步推进阶段。本文以化学工程与工艺专业为切入点,分析了该专业的建设现状、专业认证历程以及继续扩大化学工程与工艺专业认证的必要性,在此基础上借鉴CDIO教育理念提高学生的工程实践能力,将职业资格培养引入课堂,设置“工程师模块课程”,重视学生科研能力的培养和个性化选择等,为切实提高我国高校工程认证专业的建设水平进行有益探索。     

化工专业实习中设问式教学的实践与思考

依据实习教学实践,针对国内化工专业实习的现状和存在的问题,提出设问式实习教学模式,介绍了设问式实习教学实施的具体环节,学生通过实习来解答所布置的提问,提高了学生运用所学书本知识分析、思考和解决实际工程问题的能力,特别是增强了化工专业学生的工程意识、提高工程实践能力。     

A review of the large-scale production of carbon nanotubes: The practice of nanoscale process engineering

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are nanomaterials that have attracted great research interest because of their unique properties and promising applications. The controllable synthesis of CNTs is a precondition for their broad application. In this review, we consider nanoscale process engineering and assess recent progress in the mass production of ultra-long, inexpensive CNTs with good alignment as well as tunability in wall number and diameter for fundamental and engineering science applications across multiple scales. Cutting-edge nanoscale process engineering research in the areas of physics, chemistry, materials, engineering, ecology, and social science will allow us to obtain high added value and multi-functional advanced CNTs. The synthesis of CNTs with controllable chirality, good-alignment, and predetermined sizes and lengths still presents great challenges. Through multidisciplinary scientific research, advanced CNT-based materials will promote the development of a sustainable society.     

生物可降解塑料研究进展与前沿的CiteSpace分析

生物可降解塑料具有良好的生物降解性，应用前景广阔，已成为当今的研究热点。生物可降解塑料种类繁多，研究领域横跨材料科学、生物工程、化学工程等多个学科，研究内容丰富、方法多样。为准确把握该领域的研究热点、趋势和未来发展动向，利用CiteSpace文献计量软件对Web of Science核心数据库中2001—2021年收录的4 316篇关于生物可降解塑料的文献进行了可视化分析，系统梳理了不同时间节点该领域的研究发展历程、研究热点、文献发表的主要期刊及国内外合作网络，并对未来的发展前景以及重点研究领域进行了展望。本文结果可为相关领域的科研人员分析现有研究成果、把握研究趋势、挖掘研究新方向提供参考和借鉴。     

用OpenGL开发交互式三维化工场景仿真工具

根据化工场景的视景特点,从面向对象方法论、分布式处理概念出发,研究了如何开发具有真实感的化工场景的动态交互式三维编辑、仿真程序。提出了化工场景图元的类体系框架结构、消息扫描策略、动态交互的“二维拾取”概念以及分布处理的设计。给出了在Windows 95/NT、VC ++开发环境中利用OpenGL开发的设计思想和实现方法。     

化学工程及设计课程的教学认识与实践

阐述了新世纪对大学化学化工专业教育提出的新要求;结合教学实践对化学工程及设计课程的内容进行了调 整更新,并对这门课程的教学方法作了选择.总结了通过这门课程的教与学应达到的教学目标.     

计算流体力学(CFD)的通用软件

对化学工程领域中的通用CFD(ComputationalFluidDynamics)模拟软件Phoenics,Fluent,CFX等的具体特点和应用情况进行了综述,指出了他们各自的结构特点、特有模块、包含的数学模型和成功应用领域;给出了选用CFD软件平台的7项准则,对今后CFD技术的发展进行了预测,指出,今后CFD研究的主要方向将集中在数学模型开发、工程改造和新设备开发及与工艺软件的匹配连用等方面。     

中国适应气候变化的政策及行动

 为理清中国适应气候变化的发展变化历程,梳理了中国适应气候变化制度的建设过程,国家、部门及地方等不同层面适应气候变化政策的发展脉络,以及重点脆弱领域农业农村地区适应政策的发展现状;针对不同领域适应气候变化行动,从农业、水资源、陆地生态系统、海岸带、人体健康等不同角度总结了国内所开展的具体适应行动及其成效,并重点分析了农业农村地区适应行动;根据中国适应气候变化政策与行动的发展特征,提出了适应政策行动的未来发展建议。     

Solvent Extraction in Hydrometallurgy： Present and Future

Introduction Solvent extraction as applied to refining operations, particularly uranium, commenced in the late 1940s. These plants were small by present plant sizes. Shortly after, and almost 50 years ago now, the first solvent extraction plant was installed to treat hydrometallurgi-cal solutions at the mine site for the recovery of ura-nium. The success in this first generation of uranium operations in the 1950s and 1960s eventually led to the application of solvent extraction to copper opera…     

Recent advances in fermentative biohydrogen production

Hydrogen energy, as a kind of clean energy with great potential, has been a hotspot for study worldwide. Based on the recent research on biohydrogen production, this paper gives a brief review on the following aspects： fermentative hydrogen production process and the engineering control statagy, key factors affecting the efficiency of hydrogen production, such as substrates, cysteine, metal ions, anaerobic fermentation terminal products, and formic acid and ammonia. Moreover, anaerobic fermentative hydrogen-producing strain and regulation and control of enzyme gene in fermentative hydrogen production are also discussed. Finally, the prospect of anaerobic fermentative biohydrogen production is proposed in three study areas, namely developing new techniques for breeding hydrogen-producing bacteria, exploitations of more strains and gene resources, and intensifying the application of microbial molecular breeding in hydrogen production.     

Recent advances in fermentative biohydrogen production

Hydrogen energy, as a kind of clean energy with great potential, has been a hotspot for study worldwide. Based on the recent research on biohydrogen production, this paper give a brief review on the following aspects: fermentative hydrogen production process and the engineering control statagy, key factors affecting the efficiency of hydrogen production, such as substrates, cysteine, metal ions, anaerobic fermentation terminal products, and formic acid and ammonia. Moreover, anaerobic fermentative hydrogen-producing strain and regulation and control of enzyme gene in fermentative hydrogen production are also discussed. Finally, the prospect of anaerobic fermentative biohydrogen production is proposed in three study areas, namely developing new techniques for breeding hydrogen-producing bacteria, exploitations of more strains and gene resources, and intensifying the application of microbial molecular breeding in hydrogen production.     

灰色理论在我国化工园区事故预测中的应用

根据我国化工园区事故统计数据,运用灰色系统理论建立我国化工事故数和伤亡人数的GM(1,1)灰色预测模型;通过关联度检验,结果表明:模型的预测精度良好;用模型对我国化工园区的安全状况进行预测,得出事故发生数以及伤亡人数的预测值,并做出了变化曲线,表明我国化工事故数及伤亡人数呈上升的趋势;经分析,这主要是由于近几年我国大量兴建化工园区,而园区规划不完善、安全投入不足以及监管力量薄弱等原因导致的。     

大学生创新实验项目教学改革和实践

大学生创新实验项目是改变传统教学方式、做好本科教学工作、培养学生创新意识和实践能力的重要手段和必由之路。合肥工业大学结合给排水科学与工程专业的特点以及实际教学情况,围绕大学生创新项目的申请、指导和监督、结题等教学环节,探讨了申请动员、实验内容及方案设计、科研带动作用、数据成果化等教学内容及方法;利用教师科研平台支持大学生创新实验项目。其结果有助于提高学生的文献查阅、实验方案设计和实施的能力,充分锻炼自身的创新和实践能力。     

Remote sensing of environmental change over China: A review

China is a large country by area. In situ monitoring of the environment cannot meet the demand of the society. For large areas, remote sensing is the only viable technology for environmental monitoring of the entire area. Although satellite observation capabilities as well as remotely sensed data acquired on board of satellites from both within and outside China are widely available, research is rare that targets the entire territory of China for environmental monitoring. In this paper, the process of environmental change has been categorized into changes in driving forces, environmental change, materials transport and transformation, concentration and abundance change, exposure and infection change of human and ecosystems, and impacts. The potential in monitoring changes in these various aspects is assessed. The progress of environmental change monitoring over the entire territory of China is reviewed. It is suggested that at the methodological level, remote sensing should not only be applied to observation and experiments as well as understanding the change mechanism, but also be coupled with environmental simulation and forecasting so as to support environmental policy making. At the application level, remote sensing should be used beyond its traditional application fields to include species diversity, biological invasion, public health, air and water quality monitoring. Finally, at the technical level, systematic research should be devoted to the improvement of operational and automatic use of remotely sensed data.     

超疏水表面仿生原型制备技术研究分析

超疏水表面(superhydrophobic surface)是指水滴静态接触角>150°且滚动角<10°的材料表面,广泛应用于自清洁、防腐蚀、疏水抑冰与船舰减阻等诸多工程领域。基于仿生工程学原理,人们对典型超疏水仿生原型进行广泛研究,以期获取超疏水表面研制的理论基础。从呈现超疏水润湿现象的典型动植物体表入手,综述其表面微形貌结构特征对超疏水润湿特性的影响机制,介绍材料表面超疏水润湿行为量化表征的数学模型;重点关注仿生超疏水表面制备技术的最新研究进展,包括传统制备方法与3D打印制备技术,以及超疏水表面制备样件的功效表征;分析指出仿生超疏水表面的低成本、大面积、功效持久性是该领域未来发展的重要方向。研究成果可加深学者对超疏水润湿特性的认知,推动超疏水表面仿生研制新思路、新方法、新技术的发展。     

化工专业设计类课程群的教学改革与实践

化工设计类课程是化工专业的必修课,在学生工程意识和工程能力培养方面起着重要作用;结合化工过程设计的特点,通过整合教学内容、丰富教学模式和拓展考核手段,优化化工专业设计类课程群,促进设计类课程理论和实践的有机融合,提高教学效果。     

如何在因特网上查找化学化工学术信息

Internet正日益成为化学化工研究不可或缺的工具．章简要介绍了Internet上的化学化工资源，包括各种化学化工资源数据库，献检索数据据库，专业软件，学术交流，学术期刊和杂志，相关试剂仪器等信息的检索和使用方法．     

Understanding supercapacitors based on nano-hybrid materials with interfacial conjugation

The recent fast development of supercapacitors,also known scientifically as electrochemical capacitors,has benefited significantly from synthesis,characterisations and electrochemistry of nanomaterials.Herein,the principle of supercapacitors is explained in terms of performance characteristics and charge storage mechanisms,i.e.double layer(or interfacial) capacitance and pseudo-capacitance.The semiconductor band model is applied to qualitatively account for the pseudo-capacitance in association with rectangular cyclic voltammograms(CVs) and linear galvanostatic charging and discharging plots(GCDs),aiming to differentiate supercapacitors from rechargeable batteries.The invalidity of using peak shaped CVs and non-linear GCDs for capacitance measurement is highlighted.A selective review is given to the nano-hybrid materials between carbon nanotubes and redox active materials such as electronically conducting polymers and transition metal oxides.A new concept,"interfacial conjugation",is introduced to reflect the capacitance enhancement resulting from π-π stacking interactions at the interface between two materials with highly conjugated chemical bonds.The prospects of carbon nanotubes and graphenes for supercapacitor applications are briefly compared and discussed.Hopefully,this article can help readers to understand supercapacitors and nano-hybrid materials so that further developments in materials design and synthesis,and device engineering can be more efficient and objective.