溴化1-己基-3-甲基咪唑离子液体的制备

1:本文以N-甲基咪唑和1-溴代己烷为原料合成溴化1-己基-3-甲基咪唑[HMI]Br,研究了反应时间、反应温度及N-甲基咪唑与1-溴代己烷的摩尔比(原料比)对[HMI]Br收率的影响。结果表明:在反应温度80℃,原料比为1:1.3时,其收率分别达到最大值89.18%和92.40%,产物经核磁共振进行了验证。     

四氟硼酸盐的合成研究

本文以N-甲基咪唑与1-溴代己烷为原料采用传统方法合成溴化1-己基-3-甲基咪唑[HMIM]Br中间体,通过实验分析反应时间、反应温度及N-甲基咪唑与1-溴代己烷的摩尔比(原料比)对[HMIM]Br收率的影响.中间体经过离子交换.得到化合物[HMIM]BF4.产物的结构经1H NMR确认.与谱图结构一致.     

1-烷基-2,3-二甲基咪唑溴盐的合成及表征

以1,2-二甲基咪唑和溴代烷烃为原料,合成了5种离子液体中间体1-烷基-2,3-二甲基咪唑溴盐.讨论了反应时间、反应温度和原料摩尔比对产物收率的影响,得到最佳的条件是:溴代烷烃与1,2-二甲基咪唑以1.1∶1(摩尔比)的比例,在90℃下反应24 h.产物结构经IR和1H-NMR确证,得出结论:阳离子烷基链长度的增加会使3 100~3 000 cm-1波数范围内谱带减弱,降低离子液体的熔点,而对咪唑环上质子化学位移影响不大.     

1,2-双(N-癸基咪唑鎓)乙烷溴盐的合成研究

以N-癸基咪唑和1,2-二溴乙烷为原料,经季铵化反应合成1,2-双(N-癸基咪唑鎓)乙烷溴盐。通过正交试验,确定1,2-双(N-癸基咪唑鎓)乙烷溴盐较佳合成工艺条件为:反应温度(45±2)℃,原料摩尔比为2.4∶1(N-癸基咪唑∶1,2-二溴乙烷),反应时间10h。利用IR和1H-NMR对产物进行结构表征。     

[bmim]BF4离子液体的制备及其催化酯化反应研究

本文采用一步环合法合成了N-甲基咪唑,再由N-甲基咪唑和溴代正丁烷合成了中间体溴化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑,中间体再经过离子交换得到1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐（[bmim]BF4）离子液体．在该离子液体介质中,氯苄和乙酸钠反应高效合成了乙酸苄酯．结果表明：以[bmim]BF4为溶剂和催化剂乙酸钠与苄氯的摩尔比为1．4：1,反应温度为60℃,反应时间为2．5h,氯苄转化率可达95％．而且产物易于分离,离子液体可重复使用．中间体和产物结构经Fr—IR表征．     

溴化1-甲基-3-丁基咪唑的微波辅助合成及工业化方案研究

以溴代正丁烷与N-甲基咪唑为原料,利用微波辅助合成了咪唑类离子液体溴化1-甲基-3-丁基咪唑([BMIm]Br),并用红外光谱对[BMIm]Br进行了结构表征.运用单因素实验研究了反应条件对合成过程的影响,并从工业应用角度得出了微波辅助合成[BMIm]Br的最优化条件:物料比(物质的量比)为1∶1.3、时间为5min、功率为500W、温度为100℃.产率高达97.2%.通过模拟工业实验验证了间歇法和连续法两种工艺的可行性.     

微波及超声波辅助合成溴化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑

用溴代正丁烷与N-甲基咪唑,在微波辐射和超声波协同作用下合成离子液体溴化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑,通过正交试验设计方法考察实验条件最高温度,合成反应时间,微波功率和超声波功率对合成产率的影响,优选得到最佳的合成所需要的实验条件:超声波功率100 W、微波功率400W、反应时间60min和最高温度60℃.溴化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑的结构通过红外光谱进行表征.在超声波和微波的协调作用下,此反应具有合成反应所需时间短,合成产物产率高,实验操作过程简便等优点.     

超声波辅助咪唑基和吡啶基离子液体的合成

以N-甲基咪唑、吡啶和溴代烷为原料,在超声波间歇作用且无溶剂条件下,合成了1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐[Emim]Br、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐[Bmim]Br、N-乙基吡啶溴盐[EPy]Br、N-丁基吡啶溴盐[BPy]Br等4种离子液体。在常温常压下,测定了它们的熔点,结果表明,阴离子组成相同时,有机阳离子体积大的离子液体熔点较小;与常规合成方法相比,超声波法具有操作简单,条件温和,产物收率高、反应速度快的优点。实验还以[Bmim]Br为中间体,通过阴离子交换法,制备了亲水性离子液体[Bmim]BF4和疏水性离子液体[Bmim]PF6,在25℃对其黏度进行了测定,并对实验合成的全部六种离子液体作了红外光谱和核磁共振的表征。     

溴化1-己基-3-甲基咪唑的制备和电导率研究

用溴代正己烷与N-甲基咪唑反应制备了溴化1-己基-3-甲基咪唑离子液体;对离子液体进行了红外光谱分析和结构表征。测定了离子液体[HMI M]Br在温度为283.15 K至313.15 K之间的电导率,将测得的电导率值σ对(T-273.15)进行拟合,得出拟合方程和相关系数,结果表明离子液体[HMI M]Br的电导率随温度的升高而增大,符合VTF经验方程。离子液体[HMI M]Br在水、乙醇、乙腈等溶剂中的紫外吸收光谱分析结果表明,溶剂的极性和酸碱性对离子液体[HMI M]Br的紫外吸收光谱均有影响。     

[Emim]Cl-AlCl3离子液体催化1，2-蒽乙二酮的合成

采用选择性好、催化效率高的氯代1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑-三氯化铝([Emim]Cl-AlCl3)离子液体催化蒽与草酰氯的 Friedel-Craft 酰基化反应,合成了重要的精细化工产品及功能高分子中间体1,2-蒽乙二酮.用GC法考察了不同反应条件对1,2-蒽乙二酮产率和选择性的影响,结果表明当AlCl3在[Emim]Cl-AlCl3离子液体中的摩尔分数为0.67, 离子液体与蒽的摩尔比为2,草酰氯与蒽摩尔比为2, 反应温度为40 ℃,反应时间6 h 时,1,2-蒽乙二酮产率可达91.6%,选择性达98.5%.且[Emim]Cl/AlCl3离子液体对环境污染小,并可循环使用.采用萃取、重结晶等方法得到了1,2-蒽乙二酮纯品,通过熔点测定,GC,GC /MS,FTIR和1H NMR对该产物进行了定性和定量分析.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.