舟山附近海域3个大黄鱼养殖群体遗传多样性的微卫星分析

利用8个微卫星多态标记分析舟山附近海域3个大黄鱼养殖群体共90个体的遗传多样性。结果显示,8个微卫星位点共检测到等位基因64个,各位点等位基因数(A)范围为5~10个,观测杂合度(Ho)的平均值为0.9111,期望杂合度(He)的平均值为0.8108,多态信息含量(PIC)平均值为0.7800,表明所选择的8个微卫星位点均表现出较高的多态性。群体的遗传多样性分析结果显示,3个群体的平均观测杂合度和平均期望杂合度分别为0.891 7、0.900 0、0.941 7和0.738 4、0.743 2、0.821 3,Shannon多样性指数分别为1.467 0、1.449 0、1.800 9,表明3个群体的遗传多样性处于较高水平。HardyWeinberg平衡检验发现只有LYC0015和LYC0009位点处于平衡状态(PHW0.05),其余6个位点都不同程度地偏离了平衡。3个群体的聚类分析表明,岱山和朱家尖西岙网箱2个养殖群体亲缘关系较近,而与舟山市水产所耐低温F2代群体亲缘关系较远。     

野生与养殖Mian状黄姑鱼群体遗传多样性的同工酶比较

应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（PAGE）技术对取自厦门火烧屿养殖网箱的Mian状黄姑鱼（Nibea miichthioides）人工苗养殖群体和取自广东平的野生群的遗传多样性进行比较研究。结果表明,在所检测的14种同工酶的22个基因座位中,野生群体在SUDH和ODH基因座位上发现多态性,而养殖群体则只在SUDH上具有多态位点,野生群体和养殖群体的平均多态位点比例分别为9．09％和4．55％,基因座位有效基因的平均数Ne分别为1．14和1．05,平均杂合度的观测值H炎0．012和0．003,预期值He为0．0111和0．0029,Hardy-Weingerg遗传偏离指数（D）分别为0．091和0．034,两群体间的遗传距离d为0．00016,与其他鱼类相比较说明了不论是野生还是养殖群体的Mian状黄姑鱼遗传多样性均处于较低水平,养殖群体的遗传多样性水平比野生群体更低,主要是小群体亲鱼人工繁育过程中产生的“瓶颈”效应所导致的。     

基于SSR标记的麻栎天然群体遗传多样性分析

【目的】基于SSR分子标记对麻栎天然群体遗传多样性与遗传结构进行分析,为麻栎种质资源的保护和利用提供理论基础。【方法】以分布于我国7个省8个麻栎天然群体的150个个体为研究对象,利用筛选出的18对SSR引物,使用GenAIEx 6.51、MEGA 7.0.26和Structure 2.3.4等软件,采用AMOVA分析、主成分分析、聚类分析和Structure分析等方法,对麻栎群体及相应个体的遗传多样性、分子方差、遗传距离及遗传结构进行研究。【结果】18个SSR位点的等位基因数(N_a)平均为5.625个,有效等位基因数(N_e)平均为4.104个,Shannon指数(I)平均为1.338,观测杂合度(H_o)平均为0.895,期望杂合度(H_e)平均为0.645,筛选出的18对麻栎SSR引物具有丰富的多态性。8个麻栎群体的遗传距离为0.222~1.587,遗传一致度为0.205~0.801,遗传分化系数(F_st)平均为0.252,基因流(N_m)平均为1.140,固定指数(F)均为负值且平均为-0.441。麻栎群体的遗传多样性水平较高,遗传分化小,且群体间存在杂合子剩余;其98%的变异来自群体内, 2%的变异来自群体间。UPGMA聚类分析、Structure分析均将8个群体分为2组,二者的个体组成成分存在一定差异;主成分分析结果与上述基本一致,存在一定的交叉引种及基因渐渗现象。【结论】麻栎群体遗传多样性水平较高,遗传分化水平较低,遗传差异主要存在于群体内部,并呈现出沿“西南—东北”方向地理变异规律。因此,对麻栎天然群体的保护应该采取原地保护和异地繁育保存相结合的措施。     

飞蝗五个自然种群的遗传分化研究

采用随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）技术检测飞蝗Locusta migratoria（Linnaeus）2个亚种5个种群的遗传多样性，11个随机引物扩增共产生了163条带，其中多态性片段为156条．Shannon信息指数和Nei’S指数对RAPD数据的分析表明：东亚飞蝗Locusta migratoria manilensis（Meyen）不同种群存在较高的遗传多样性；同时，东亚飞蝗种群间出现一定程度的遗传分化，遗传分化系数分别为36．09％和33．85％．用UPGMA对Nei’S遗传距离作聚类分析，结果表明：东亚飞蝗不同种群的亲缘关系较近，而它们与亚洲飞蝗Locusta migratoria migratoria（Linnaeus）关系较远．由Nei’S遗传一致度和遗传距离可以看出，东亚飞蝗不同种群间的遗传距离均小于东亚飞蝗与亚洲飞蝗之间的遗传距离．由Mantel软件检验得出地理距离和遗传距离的相关性系数r〈0．7，表明这5个种群亲缘关系的远近与地理距离无相关性．同时，还结合等位酶种群遗传结构研究结果综合分析了上述东亚飞蝗4种群的遗传多样性及其分化，表明RAPD可检测出更高水平的遗传多样性．     

山东日照和福建厦门沿海花鲈同工酶的遗传变异分析

利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术，对分别来自山东日照和福建厦门两自然群体的沿海花鲈，分析了酶表达活性强的肝脏、肌肉两组织中LDH、MDH、ME、α—GPDH、ADH、SDH、SOD、G—6PDH、EST、GDH等10种同工酶，检出19个基因座位。数据处理结果：花鲈两群体的遗传相似度和遗传距离分别为0．9902和0．0098，平均杂合度分别为0．1112及0．0939。Me—1、G—6—pdh—2、Est—1、Est—5的4个基因座位具有多态性，多态座位比例均为21．1％，座位平均有效基因数均为1．2630由此可表明日照花鲈群体的遗传多样性水平比厦门花鲈群体高。     

用微卫星技术研究珠江流域三个野生大眼鳜群体的遗传多样性

采用微卫星标记技术,探讨了广西右江、左江及红水河三江段野生大眼鳜群体的遗传多样性。采用生物信息学方法,自主开发了4对大眼鳜微卫星DNA引物,此外,还从28对鳜属微卫星通用引物中筛选出15对,19对标记均表现为高度多态性。对32尾右江(YJ)、35尾左江(ZJ)及36尾红水河(HSH)三地理群体野生大眼鳜进行遗传多样性分析,总群体的固定指数Fix范围为0.001 4~1.000,表明19个位点在总群体内表现为杂合子缺失,其对环境的应对能力有所下降。遗传参数统计结果表明,总群体观测等位基因数(Na=19.4737)、香农指数(I=2.399 8)、平均杂合度(Ave Het=0.720 6)、多态信息含量(0.447PIC0.947)均显示:在哈温平衡下,大眼鳜3群体遗传多样性丰富;但3群体遗传多样性存在差异,红水河群体的遗传多样性比左江群体、右江群体的遗传多样性丰富,左江和右江群体的遗传多样性水平较为接近。群体间遗传分化水平较大(0.15群体间近交系数Fst=0.153 90.25),15.39%的遗传变异来自于群体间,84.61%的遗传变异来自于群体内,群体内近交系数Fis为0.576 1,各座位的基因流Nm分布范围较广(0.147 4~8.909 1),平均Nm值为1.374 5,表明3群体间属于中等遗传分化水平,基因流基本顺畅,群体内的近交系数较高,容易引起遗传结构的变化。基于Nei's遗传距离的聚类分析显示左江群体与右江群体首先聚为一支,再与红水河聚为一支,符合其在地理位置上的关系。     

尼罗罗非鱼RAPD标记及其遗传多样性分析

采用 4 18个引物对尼罗罗非鱼进行了RAPD分析 ,筛选出 4 6个重复性好、可用于尼罗罗非鱼RAPD标记的引物 .另用 12个引物对尼罗罗非鱼群体 (2 3尾 )进行了遗传多样性分析 :共检出 5 8个位点 ,其中 18个位点表现出多态性 ,多态位点比例达 31.0 3% ,其群体的Nei&Li氏遗传相似率为 90 .2 3% ,申农信息指数为0 .10 0 5bit.上述三项指标表明 ,该尼罗罗非鱼群体保持着较高水平的遗传变异 .     

南京椴群体遗传多样性和遗传结构分析

【目的】 南京椴(Tilia miqueliana)为江苏省重要的乡土树种,野外资源稀缺。南京椴野外群体遗传多样性和遗传结构的探索,可为资源保护、品种选育及遗传改良提供依据。【方法】 以南京椴5个天然群体[江苏宝华山(P1)、牛首山(P2)、安徽皇藏峪(P3)、安徽蜀山(P4)和浙江天台山(P5)]93个体为实验材料,选用15对多态性EST-SSR引物,进行遗传多样性及群体遗传结构分析。【结果】 ①用15对引物共检测等位基因数(A)总和为96,平均值为6.4,四倍体基因型(G)和四倍体特异基因型(G_i)总和分别为441和251,特异基因型比率(R₁)和种质鉴别率(R₂)均值分别为45.73%和17.99%。②在5个群体中,每个位点等位基因数(A_loc)和四倍体基因型丰富度均值(G_loc)分别为5.50±2.43和9.41±4.29;平均观测杂合度(H_o)和平均期望杂合度(H_e)为0.61±1.43和0.62±0.14。参考各群体G_loc和H_e值,确定遗传多样性较高的群体为P1和P3。③群体间遗传分化较小,遗传分化系数(G_st)仅为0.030;AMOVA分子变异分析显示,群体多样性水平变异来自于群体内(96%)。④聚类和遗传结构Structure分析显示,5个群体可划分为2组(组1包括P1、P2和P5;组2包括P3和P4)。Mental检验结果表明遗传距离与地理距离之间无显著相关。【结论】 南京椴群体均具有丰富的遗传多样性,其中宝华山群体和皇藏峪群体多样性较高,群体扩张可能是以这两个种群为中心,经人类活动迁移至其他区域。但南京椴群体间未形成明显分化,主要是由于植株寿命长,群体缺乏自然更新,加之群体间存在人为种子传播。因此,本研究提出通过建立隔离区,明确优先保护群体、加大植株异交,并采用人工繁育及种质回迁的方式保护南京椴野外群体。     

思茅松种子园遗传结构及遗传多样性

采用等位酶分析的方法对思茅松种子园内收集的4个思茅松群体进行遗传分析,以此阐述了思茅松种子园的遗传结构和遗传多样性状况。9种酶16个酶位点的遗传分析结果：思茅松种子园的多态位点比例（P）为73.5%;平均每个位点的等位基因数（A）为2.42;平均每个位点的等位基因有效数（Ne）为1.54;期望杂合度（He）为0.295;实际杂合度（H0）为0.181。结果表明思茅松种子园具有较广泛的遗传基因和遗传多样性;思茅松种子园的建立是思茅松遗传改良的有效途径之一。     

双棘黄姑鱼人工繁育群体遗传多样性的RAPD分析

采用22个随机引物对双棘黄姑鱼人工繁育群体的遗传多样性水平进行随机扩增多态DNA（RAPD）分析，共检测出248个位点，其中有104个多态位点，平均多态位点百分率P为41．9％；其个体间的平均遗传距离L为0．0657，平均相似系数S为0．9343，Shannon遗传多样性指数H0为0．2829．通过与其他一些鱼类的RAPD研究结果进行对比，对双棘黄姑鱼人工繁育群体的遗传多样性水平进行了分析评估,文中同时就人工繁育及鱼类种质资源的可持续利用问题进行了初步讨论．     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to