一种基于最小二乘法的传送带变频调速方法

由于机械老化等因素的影响,运用传统的理论公式方法调节传送带线速度,往往导致给定输出达不到要求精度.为达到精确的同步输送,保证生产线各段运行线速度误差最小,提出一种基于最小二乘直线拟合的传送带变频调速方法.文中以施耐德PLC传送带变频调速系统作为实验平台,通过拟合函数确定所需电机转速,并验证了此种方法所得的传送带实际线速度更为精确,能克服由不可避免因素造成的误差影响.实践证明,在实际工作中可考虑用最小二乘拟合法来代替传统公式法进行传送带速度的设定.     

整体最小二乘法直线拟合

针对在直线拟合中,因变量选取不同拟合的结果有差异现象,提出采用整体最小二乘法进行直线拟合。文章在分析直线方程特点的基础上,采用EIV模型描述直线方程,在解算中根据系数矩阵的特点应用QR分解分为将方程两部分,采用了混合最小二乘法求解。理论分析和实际计算结果表明,整体最小二乘法顾及了因变量和自变量的误差。拟合精度高于普通最小二乘法,采用整体最小二乘拟合直线,整体上优于普通最小二乘法。     

数据拟合的固定节点样条最小二乘法

通过两个实利,讨论了在节点给定的情况下用B-样条函数的线性组合作为拟合函数的线性最小二乘方法,即固定节点样条最小二乘法在物理实验数据拟合中的应用问题.     

权函数支持域尺寸和场节点间距对移动最小二乘法拟合精度的影响

移动最小二乘法作为一种拟合插值方法,当其基函数采用非正交基时,移动最小二乘法中采样点支持域尺寸、节点间距大小将影响到力矩矩阵的可逆性.力矩矩阵可逆是移动最小二乘法拟合成功的必要条件.因此如何合理地选取节点间距及采样点支持域尺寸以确保力矩矩阵可逆,成为移动最小二乘法应用过程中的一个重要环节.其值的选取也是移动最小二乘法主要误差来源之一.理论上,至今仍无法推导出采样点支持域尺寸及节点间距最优取值.实践中,可通过拟合实验寻找支持域尺寸、节点间距的变化规律,给出具有建议性的取值范围.本文在节点均匀分布的情况下,对其变化规律进行研究并提出了可以保证插值精度的支持域尺寸、节点间距的建议取值.     

插值函数在学生成绩评定机制中的应用

已知离散的数据时,通过插值多项式来构造一个函数表达式来近似代替不便处理的函数,这是我们常用的方法.通过插值函数与最小二乘法的理论,给出了插值函数与最小二乘法在学生成绩评定机制中的应用.同时,对不同的方法修正后的数据进行了比较.     

实验数据的直线拟合

对拟合直线常用的最小二乘法进行了详细分析，得出了计算斜率的通项公式。提出了一种分段最佳斜率平均法。计算结果表明，该方法计算非常简单，精度并不低于最小二乘法和其它直线拟合方法，将常用的几种拟合直线的方法进行比较的结果表明，分段最佳斜率平均法拟合精度最高。     

过原点拟合直线斜率的合成不确定度

在分析已有文献的基础上,应用不确定度传播律,通过分析过原点最小二乘法拟合直线的相关系数,给出过原点拟合直线斜率合成不确定度的计算公式.     

支持向量机与最小二乘法的关系研究

研究了支持向量机 (SVM)在二次损失函数下的优化问题解的形式 ,并与普通的最小二乘 (L S)估计问题进行了比较 ,得到了几乎完全一致的优化问题形式。由于 SVM在二次损失函数下的优化问题对应于一个欠定问题 ,该问题在最小二乘估计中有最小范数解。如果 SVM的参数选择合适 ,从理论上可以证明采用二次损失函数的 SVM函数拟合问题实际为约束最小二乘估计问题 ,并且该问题的解对应于最小范数最小二乘解。由于最小化范数解实际是 SVM在取某些参数时的一个特例 ,如果能够自动调整这些参数 ,则得到一类最小化范数解。由此提出了采用 SVM解决最小二乘法问题的思想 ,由于 SVM的优点 ,使解更加符合实际情况     

实验数据的直线拟合

对拟合直线常用的最小二乘法进行了详细分析，得出了计算斜率的通项公式，提出了一种分段最佳斜率平均法，计算结果表明，该方法计算非常简单，精度并不低于最小二乘法和其它直线拟合方法，将常用的几种拟合直线的方法进行比较的结果表明，分段最佳斜率平均法拟合精度最高。     

最大离差值极小响应面及按Kreisselmerier-Steinhauser函数的拟合

现有的响应曲面是按最小二乘法实现的。提出一种响应面拟合方法:使响应面函数同样本值之间的最大距离极小。该方法运用Kreisselmerier-Steinhauser函数的特性,建立数学模型,采用求导、泰勒展开、数值迭代等方法确定响应面函数的系数。在数值迭代过程中以最小二乘法获得的结果作为迭代初值。通过一系列算例得出,Kreisselmerier-Steinhauser函数法获得的响应面函数能够达到最大距离最小的目的;该方法获得的响应面函数与最小二乘法拟合的响应面函数相比,在与样本值差的均方根相对增加不大的情况下,能显著减少最大距离;采用变熵参数方法能获得更好的解。本途径不仅丰富了响应面的构造方法,而且可满足实际工程问题中希望响应函数与样本值最大距离极小化的需求。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with