烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

摩擦焊接碳钢（EN24）和镍基高温合金（IN718）的显微组织和力学性能

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.     

汽车暴露面板带有表面条状缺陷的夹杂物分布特征分析:一种定量电解方法

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface. A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology, size, composition, quantity, and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone of automobile exposed panel. The Al₂O₃ inclusions were observed to be aggregated or chain-like shape along with the sliver defect of about 3–10 μm. The aggregation sections of the Al₂O₃ inclusions are distributed discretely along the rolling direction, with a spacing of 3–7 mm, a length of 6–7 mm, and a width of about 3 mm. The inclusion area part is 0.04%–0.16% with an average value of 0.08%, the inclusion number density is 40 mm?2 and the inclusion average spacing is 25.13 μm. The inclusion spacing is approximately 40–160 μm, with an average value of 68.76 μm in chain-like inclusion parts. The average area fraction and number density of inclusions in the non-defect region were reduced to about 0.002% and 1–2 mm?2, respectively, with the inclusion spacing of 400 μm and the size of Al₂O₃ being 1–3 μm.     

在酸性溶液中加压氧化三价砷离子和二价铁离子

The co-oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) in acidic solutions by pressured oxygen was studied under an oxygen pressure between 0.5 and 2.0 MPa at a temperature of 150°C. It was confirmed that without Fe(II) ions, As(III) ions in the solutions are virtually non-oxidizable by pressured oxygen even at a temperature as high as 200°C and an oxygen pressure up to 2.0 MPa. Fe(II) ions in the solutions did have a catalysis effect on the oxidation of As(III), possibly attributable to the production of such strong oxidants as hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and Fe(IV) in the oxidation process of Fe(II). The effects of such factors as the initial molar ratio of Fe(II)/As(III), initial pH value of the solution, oxygen pressure, and the addition of radical scavengers on the oxidation efficiencies of As(III) and Fe(II) were studied. It was found that the oxidation of As(III) was limited in the co-oxidation process due to the accumulation of the As(III) oxidation product, As(V), in the solutions.     

活化天然矿石选择性还原二氧化碳为无定形碳

Natural magnetite formed by the isomorphism substitutions of transition metals, including Fe, Ti, Co, etc., was activated by mechanical grinding followed by H₂ reduction. The temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H₂-TPR) and temperature-programmed surface reaction of carbon dioxide (CO₂-TPSR) were carried out to investigate the processes of oxygen loss and CO₂ reduction. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the stability of spinel phases and oxygen-deficient degree significantly increased after natural magnetite was mechanically milled and reduced in H₂ atmosphere. Meanwhile, the activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction into carbon were enhanced. The deposited carbon on the activated natural magnetite was confirmed as amorphous. The amount of carbon after CO₂ reduction at 300°C for 90 min over the activated natural magnetite was 2.87wt% higher than that over the natural magnetite.     

含钛高炉炉渣微波合成碳化钛及其介电性能测定

The preparation of functional material titanium carbide by the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag with microwave heating is an effective method for valuable metals recovery; it can alleviate the environmental pressure caused by slag stocking. The dynamic dielectric parameters of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag/pulverized coal mixture under high-temperature heating are measured by the cylindrical resonant cavity perturbation method. Combining the transient dipole and large π bond delocalization polarization phenomena, the interaction mechanism of the microwave macroscopic non-thermal effect on the titanium carbide synthesis reaction was revealed. The material thickness range during microwave heating was optimized by the joint analysis of penetration depth and reflection loss, which is of great significance to the design of the microwave reactor for the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag.     

一种基于遗传-禁忌混合策略的PMU最优配置方法

以电力系统状态完全可观测和相量测量单元配置数目最小为目标,形成PMU最优配置问题.相量测量单元可以测量母线电压相量,结合测量数据采用改进的快速拓扑可观测性分析方法保证系统完全可观测,应用遗传算法和禁忌搜索算法的混合策略求解最优配置问题,实现全局最优.以IEEE 9节点系统和IEEE 39节点系统为例进行验证,结果表明,直接利用节点可观测原则判断电力系统的可观测性,可以提高可观测性分析的计算效率.     

基于CAN总线同步相量应用层协议实现

同步相量采集装置用于对舰船电力系统同步相量进行实时采集和动态监控,本文定义了基于CAN现场总线的同步相量通信应用层协议,对同步报文和相量报文的帧格式进行了定义,实现了CAN总线的单播和多播通信,很好的满足PMU通信要求。     

一种用于频率跟踪和相角估计的实用算法

电网电压的频率、幅值和谐波含量均随时间发生变化,它们严重影响着电网相量的测量精度．为此,在分析傅氏法计算误差与频偏、起始点相位关系的基础上,提出了一种基于准同步采样和傅氏分析的频率跟踪、相角估计的实用算法．它用离散傅氏法和线性插值法估计任意时刻的相量,用迭代算法寻找相角差为零的相邻周期的两个估计相量进行频率计算,继而对采样数据进行同步化处理以获取信号的真实相量．仿真结果表明,这种方法可使相角误差小于0．2°,并能够满足电网相量实时测量的快速性要求．     

无刷双馈调速电机稳态运行特性分析

建立了无刷双馈调速电机稳态运行的数学模型。用频率折算法将电机各绕组中不同频率的电量统一起来。获得了电机的等效电路和相量图,用相量图分析了控制绕变化时对功率绕组的功率因数的影响。用该模型分析了电机的稳态运行特性,包括稳态电磁转矩和功率关系,为无刷双馈调速电机、计算提供了有力的理想工具。     

基于GPS同步相量的电力系统暂态稳定预测控制

首先简要回顾了全球卫星定位系统 (GPS)技术在电力系统应用中最近 10年的发展 ,研究了基于 GPS同步相量的电力系统暂态稳定控制的实现前提和理论模式。分类综述了国内外在利用 GPS同步相量技术研究电力系统暂态稳定实时控制方面的研究成果 :基于简化模型、同调组法、角度曲线外推法、能量函数法和人工智能法等 ;总结了 GPS技术与电网稳定控制结合的多种途径 ;并提出了基于同步相量实现电力系统的区域暂态稳定控制是 GPS应用于电力系统的最高形式 ,最后提出轨迹分析和数值计算相结合的在线安全稳定监控理论框架     

近海可再生能源综合发电系统模型对比

介绍融合近海风力发电、波浪能发电以及潮流能发电的近海可再生能源综合发电系统的电气拓扑结构,并以此系统为例,在Matlab/Simulink平台下分别搭建了其详细模型和相量模型。在定性分析2种模型的区别之后,分别在风速变化时以及电网扰动故障下,对详细模型和相量模型进行了仿真对比。时域仿真结果显示,详细模型和相量模型的稳态、动态响应趋势均基本一致;详细模型仿真计算耗时长,且仿真曲线中包含高频分量;相量模型仿真计算耗时短,仿真曲线相对平滑。     

基于时变相量的配电网PT铁磁谐振研究与措施分析

利用相模变换理论,建立了配电网发生绝缘放电时的故障分析模型,分析了配电网PT发生铁磁谐振的原因及稳态谐振的发生机理.根据系统的0模网络的ΔI(φL)曲线提出了加装零序PT抑制铁磁谐振的方法,以避免系统发生工频铁磁谐振.     

三相对称电力系统短路时动稳定度校验条件的计算

用相量方法分析和计算了三相对称电力系统发生三相短路时的短路冲击电流和最大电动力,给出了动稳定度校验条件。     

相角变送器的研究与应用

利用GPS技术提供的高精度标准时基,研制了电力系统相角变送器,实现了相角直接精确测量。文中分析了这种相角变送器的潜在应用,提出了一种用于稳定与控制的新方案。     

船载雷达中电能质量监测的设计与实现

随着航天事业的快速发展,航天测量船自身的电能性能质量问题已越来越受到重视。针对航天测量船供电系统发生接地故障、主配电和分配电板之间的协调不均、高功率雷达开关机、大电流电机切换等有可能发生电能质量问题的特殊实际出发,设计并研制了一套电能质量监测系统,文中介绍了系统的硬件组成和软件设计,并通过实际使用验证了系统的可行性。该套系统为分析设备用电规律和装备故障排查提供了一种良好的手段。