复杂应力状态断裂判据的讨论

结合对脆性材料常规破坏试验结果的分析,修正了脆性断裂强度条件,将新的强度条件用于解决复合型裂纹的断裂问题,认为应力三维度极大值处对应于裂纹的启裂位置,裂纹的启裂方向则与处的最大拉应力方向有关,给出了一个新的复合型断裂判据,利用铝合金平面应变断裂实验结果对新判据作了验证。     

压电材料平面裂纹启裂的能量释放率及电效应

针对压电材料的电弹性断裂问题,考虑到电量对断裂的影响,用裂纹尖端场和裂纹围道积分计算了裂纹沿任意方向启裂的能量释放率.以最大能量释放率为启裂准则,结合PZT-5H压电陶瓷材料,分析了电位移载荷对裂纹启裂的作用效果.研究表明,电位移载荷能促进或抑制裂纹的启裂,并使裂纹产生偏折或分叉,其作用效果与施加的电位移载荷的大小和方向有关.     

压电材料平面裂纹启裂的能量释放率及电效应

针对压电材料的电弹性断裂问题，考虑到电量对断裂的影响，用裂纹尖端场和裂纹围道积分计算了裂纹沿任意方向启裂的能量释放率。以最大能量释放率为启裂准则，结合PZT-5H压电陶瓷材料。分析了电位移载荷对裂纹启裂的作用效果。研究表明，电位移载荷能促进或抑制裂纹的启裂，并使裂纹产生偏折或分叉，其作用效果与施加的电位移载荷的大小和方向有关。     

材料裂纹扩展分叉机理的晶体相场法研究

[目的]进一步探索材料裂纹扩展分叉的机理。[方法]采用晶体相场模型研究平面应力作用下材料裂纹扩展的动态演化过程,分析裂纹扩展过程体系自由能G、裂纹面积分数S、裂口周长L的变化特征;分别从G、S、L的变化阐述裂纹扩展以及三者与裂纹扩展临界应变εc的对应关系;探讨裂口扩展和主裂纹分叉与体系能量G的内在关联。[结果]无应力施加时期,裂纹面积分数S和裂口周长L没有变化;施加拉伸应力后,当系统应变达到一定程度时,S和L开始同时增加,此时的应变大小对应于裂纹启裂临界应变εc值。[结论]应力施加导致材料中心裂口处应力集中,体系能量上升,系统能量曲线一阶导数的拐点对应于中心裂纹启裂时刻或临界应变。自由能曲线一阶导数拐点处能量上升速率变缓,表明此时弹性应变能得到释放。     

16MnR钢中微裂纹的萌生及扩展

用宏观与微观相结合的方法,研究16MnR钢在低周疲劳下微裂纹的萌生与扩展规律。试样上分别钻有40—200μm的微孔,研究了微裂纹启裂、扩展和微缺陷尺寸对疲劳寿命的影响。结果认为,孔边裂纹启裂机理有两种方式:滑移带启裂和疏松带启裂。前者是由剪应力起主要作用,后者是正应力起主要作用。而滑移带的局部性和裂纹开叉是低周疲劳下微裂纹的两大典型现象。且微缺陷尺寸对疲劳寿命有显著影响,该影响随应力水平的增加而减小。     

带裂纹功能梯度材料薄板SIFs分析的广义参数Williams单元

根据Williams级数位移场,仅考虑弹性模量E为坐标的函数,通过改变裂尖奇异区微单元刚度集成方式,推导建立了功能梯度材料薄板平面断裂分析的广义参数Williams单元新格式.结合含中心斜裂纹和边界裂纹的功能梯度材料薄板,分析了弹性模量E的分布形式、裂纹倾角及裂纹长度对裂尖应力强度因子的影响.算例结果表明:该方法能够直接且高效求解带裂纹功能梯度材料薄板的裂尖应力强度因子;当弹性模量E呈单调变化且其梯度与荷载方向平行或垂直时,分别会使中心斜裂纹两个裂尖的I型或II型应力强度因子值产生差异,而应力强度因子随裂纹倾斜角度的分布规律并不受弹性模量E的分布形式影响.     

一种用于水力裂缝扩展数值计算的材料断裂能反演方法与应用

为研究预置裂纹对水力裂缝扩展行为的影响，利用基于扩展有限元法的虚拟裂纹闭合技术计算能量释放率，借鉴PFC参数标定的思想，提出一种依据水压与裂尖能量释放率的关系反演材料断裂能的方法.将此方法计算出的断裂能作为材料参数，得到的起裂水压模拟值，与相关文献及水力压裂试验值对比，误差均不超过7%,证明了方法的可靠性.在此基础上研究水压注入预置裂纹时水力裂缝的力学行为，采用最大能量释放率准则，分析了围压应力和预置裂纹初始倾角对水力裂纹起裂与扩展的影响.结果表明，对于类岩石内斜裂纹，在水压作用下发生拉剪破坏，水力裂纹朝向裂纹前端拉应力等值线距离裂纹尖端最近的方向进行扩展，该方向径向切应力为0;相比于地应力，预置裂纹倾角对水力裂纹起裂水压力的影响较大，因此应主要通过改变注射角或者选择45°～60°的天然弱面进行压裂，从而降低工程成本.     

非几何对称试件启裂前应力变化的数值分析

从裂纹技术的需要出发,用有限元软件ANSYS对几何不对称试件启裂前的应力状态进行了数值分析.结果表明,静态情况下,试件在启裂前的应力状态基本上是对称的,应力无大的变化;动态情况下,出现了应力应变场不对称的情况,并且不对称程度与计算点距切口的距离大小有关.     

动态裂纹迅速扩展的数值分析

本文运用有限元法对双悬臂梁(DCB)试件动态裂纹迅速扩展进行了分析,指出当采用线性位移场的单元时,线性释放节点约束力是合理的。实例计算表明:动态裂纹尖端应力强度因子计算值与实验值能较好地符合,同时对文中提出的两参数——动态裂纹尖端张开角及材料止裂时的裂纹尖端张开角——的计算结果表明:它们与动态裂纹尖端应力强度因子 K_(1D)及材料止裂韧性 K_(1A)等价。建议在动态裂纹迅速扩展及止裂分析中也可采用此参数。     

裂纹连续度对非均质材料中雁行裂纹扩展的影响

应用材料破裂过程分析(MFPA2D)系统,通过对非均质材料试样中预置的雁行裂纹在单轴压缩下裂纹扩展、演化过程的数值模拟,研究了裂纹连续度的变化对裂纹尖端邻域应力场及裂纹扩展模式的影响,同时分析了连续度变化对裂纹起裂应力及强度所造成的影响·数值模拟结果表明随裂纹连续度的减小,裂纹内尖端的应力场逐渐由拉应力场过渡为压应力场,裂纹的扩展模式相应地经历拉模式(T)、拉剪模式(T S)及压模式(C),裂纹扩展的起始角度与最大压应力之间的角度也逐渐增大·此外,数值模拟结果还表明裂纹尖端的起裂应力大致为试样极限强度的1/2～1/3·     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.