高温胁迫对近江牡蛎Hsp90表达及CpG甲基化的影响

为了丰富广温性潮间带底栖生物的温度调控机制研究,本研究采用荧光定量PCR法、亚硫酸氢盐处理基因组DNA结合甲基化特异性PCR(Methylation specific PCR,MSP)法及染色质免疫共沉淀法,对40℃热胁迫24h后,近江牡蛎(Crassostrea rivularis)热休克蛋白90(Heat shock protein 90,Hsp90)的mRNA表达及其核心启动子甲基化的调控模式进行研究。结果显示:近江牡蛎成贝在40℃热胁迫24h后,其消化腺、腮和心脏组织中Hsp90mRNA表达显著升高(P0.05),核心启动子区CpG平均甲基化水平显著降低(P0.05),其中邻近热休克元件(Heat shock element,HSE)的CpG2、CpG3、CpG4位点甲基化水平显著降低(P0.05),CpG5位点甲基化水平无显著变化(P0.05),灰度分析显示消化腺和心脏组织中的Hsp90核心启动子与RNA聚合酶Ⅱ(RNA polymeraseⅡ)结合增强,腮组织中的Hsp90核心启动子与RNA polymeraseⅡ出现弱结合。表明Hsp90是近江牡蛎抵御高温胁迫的主要表达基因。     

烟草甲两个羧酸酯酶基因的克隆及表达模式

为了深入了解羧酸酯酶(Carboxylesterase,Car E)基因在烟草甲Lasioderma serricorne生长发育及响应CO_2气调胁迫方面的作用,在转录组测序基础上,利用RT-PCR技术克隆了烟草甲2个Car E基因c DNA全序列,对其分子特性和系统发育进行分析,并利用实时定量PCR技术检测其在不同发育阶段及不同φ(CO_2)气调胁迫条件下的表达模式。获得了烟草甲2个Car E基因完整的开放阅读框,其长度为1 698 bp和1 695 bp,编码565和564个氨基酸。氨基酸同源性和系统进化树分析表明,它们均具有羧酸酯酶典型的保守结构域,且属于β家族,分别命名为Ls Car EB1和Ls Car EB2(Gen Bank登录号:MG189601和MG189602)。Ls Car EB1和Ls Car EB2在烟草甲的各发育阶段均有所表达,其中在高龄幼虫期的表达量较高,显著高于低龄幼虫、蛹和成虫期的表达水平。LC10、LC30和LC503种φ(CO_2)处理6 h后,Ls Car EB1和Ls Car EB2的mRNA表达量随胁迫φ(CO_2)升高而上调且显著高于对照组。推测Ls Car EB1和Ls Car EB2不仅对烟草甲的生长发育具有重要作用,而且是其响应CO_2气调胁迫的重要机制之一。     

白桦BpGT14基因表达模式及对非生物 胁迫诱导的响应

为了揭示BpGT14基因的分子结构特征,明确糖基转移酶BpGT14基因的表达模式及其对非生物胁迫的响应机制,初步探索其在白桦生长发育中的功能,在克隆白桦GT14基因全长序列的基础上,利用生物信息学对其理化性质进行了分析,应用实时荧光定量PCR技术分析BpGT14基因在野生白桦植株雄花序、木质部、韧皮部及叶片4个不同部位不同月份的表达差异; 同时,选用白桦茎段悬浮细胞进行了水杨酸(SA)、盐胁迫(NaCl)、重金属镉(CdCl₂)及4℃低温非生物胁迫处理,检测目的基因对逆境的响应情况。研究结果表明,BpGT14基因开放阅读框为1 302 bp,编码433个氨基酸。分析其氨基酸序列发现,该蛋白含有乙酰氨基葡糖转移酶结构域,属于14家族的重要结构域。该蛋白与其他物种GT14蛋白比对分析表明,这些蛋白在100—350氨基酸区域内保守性较高,而且该基因与毛果杨的GT14家族基因同源性高达79%。不同部位不同月份的表达模式分析结果表明,BpGT14基因的表达具有部位及时间特异性,其各部位表达量均与月份相关,同时发现其在木质部、韧皮部及叶片中的表达量较高,而在雄花序中表达量较低。非生物胁迫处理结果显示,BpGT14基因对不同处理均产生响应,但其响应模式不尽相同:SA、CdCl₂及低温处理结果显示,处理初期(6 h)目的基因上调表达,6 h处理时分别达到了对照组的51.2、48.9及3.3倍,24 h后相对表达量与对照组相比均下调,只有低温处理在96 h恢复上调表达; NaCl处理使白桦BpGT14基因的表达量全部呈现下调趋势,24 h处理后,BpGT14基因表达量下调明显,24 h后比对照组降低了93.7%。     

拟穴青蟹ANT2基因的克隆与低温胁迫表达分析

腺苷酸转移酶(ANT)是线粒体中最丰富的蛋白质之一,其主要作用是介导ADP/ATP在细胞质和线粒体基质之间的运输.为探讨该基因在拟穴青蟹(Scylla paramamosain)低温适应中的作用,采用反转录PCR(RT-PCR)、cDNA末端快速扩增技术(RACE)等技术,从拟穴青蟹中获得了ANT2的cDNA全长序列,并运用实时荧光定量PCR(qPCR)技术检测了ANT2在不同组织和不同温度下的表达谱.该序列全长1 348bp,开放阅读框(ORF)为930bp,编码309个氨基酸残基.同源分析显示,该蛋白具有3个保守的线粒体跨膜功能结构域,形成能量分子传导转运通道,催化细胞质中ADP和线粒体内ATP的跨膜交换.qPCR结果表明ANT2基因在拟穴青蟹多个组织中均有表达,且表达量不同,表明ANT2基因具有组织表达特异性.第1期仔蟹在10,15,20,25℃不同温度条件下,在1,3,12,24,36h,10和15℃组表达量显著低于20和25℃组(p0.05);且在1,3,6,12,24h,10℃组的表达量显著低于15℃组表达量(p0.05).15℃组在48h内,ANT2呈现高低起伏的表达模式.拟穴青蟹第1期仔蟹ANT2基因表达变化,提示该基因与能量代谢功能相关,可能参与拟穴青蟹低温胁迫应答.     

温度胁迫对紫贻贝与翡翠贻贝生理活动的影响和Hsp27的响应

为了探究急性温度胁迫对温度适应性不同的贻贝的生理影响,以紫贻贝(Mytilus galloprovincialis)与翡翠贻贝(Perna viridis)为对象,分别用4,8,25,35℃对紫贻贝进行温度胁迫,用8,15,35,42℃对翡翠贻贝进行胁迫。通过对耗氧率与排氨率的检测,分析了贻贝的生理代谢;制作石蜡切片观察鳃组织结构的变化,用Western-blot对Hsp27在鳃组织中的表达变化进行研究。结果表明:两种贻贝的耗氧率和排氨率均随温度升高而升高,但当紫贻贝胁迫温度达到35℃,翡翠贻贝胁迫温度达到42℃时,则表现出急剧下降;急性温度胁迫破坏两种贻贝鳃组织结构,并且损伤在恢复24 h后不可逆转,同时造成贻贝鳃组织Hsp27表达量升高。说明在一定温度范围内,贻贝的代谢随温度上升而加快,但当温度超过机体耐受阈值,可能会抑制代谢;低温和高温胁迫均可以破坏贻贝的鳃组织结构,且24 h内无法恢复; Hsp27在紫贻贝应对低温胁迫可能更为积极,而在翡翠贻贝应对低温及高温胁迫均有应答。     

甘蓝型油菜BnbHLH92基因的克隆与表达分析

为研究甘蓝型油菜bHLH转录因子的功能,采用同源克隆技术从甘蓝型油菜中克隆了5个BnbHLH92基因全长cDNA序列,分别命名为BnbHLH92-1、BnbHLH92-2、BnbHLH92-3、BnbHLH92-4、BnbHLH92-5,其编码区长度分别为738,657,684,741,717bp.qRT-PCR实验表明,除BnbHLH92-1外,其它的BnbHLH92基因主要在抽薹期和花期的根中表达,BnbHLH92-1主要在抽薹期和花期的根以及二叶一心期的叶中表达.非生物胁迫显著影响BnbHLH92基因的表达,使其表达量升高.低温胁迫下,BnbHLH92基因分别在胁迫后4、6、6、6、6 h表达量达最高.高温胁迫下,5个BnbHLH92基因分别在胁迫后2、6、6、8、4 h表达量达最高.盐胁迫下,BnbHLH92基因分别在胁迫后6、6、24、24、24 h表达量达最高.在ABA诱导下BnbHLH92基因表达量也有不同程度的增加,分析发现BnbHLH92基因的启动子序列上存在ABA响应元件(ABRE).     

利用拟南芥鉴定双孢蘑菇Hsp20和Adcs基因的耐温功能

双孢蘑菇2个差异表达基因热休克蛋白基因(Hsp20)和4-氨基-4-脱氧分支酸合成酶基因(Adcs)通过根癌农杆菌(Agrobacterium)介导的花序浸渍法转化拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana),经草铵磷筛选、聚合酶链式反应(PCR)鉴定和蛋白质印迹(Western blot)鉴定表明,Hsp20基因和Adcs基因已整合到拟南芥基因组中并过表达.对转基因植株和野生型对照进行高温胁迫,比较其耐热性差异.结果显示:经过45℃热激1h处理,Hsp20基因转化拟南芥下胚轴恢复生长,部分幼苗存活;Adcs基因转化拟南芥与野生型一样下胚轴未恢复生长,幼苗基本未存活.实验表明,Hsp20基因对蘑菇的耐热性有直接作用,而Adcs基因对蘑菇的耐热性可能无直接作用.     

四纹豆象小分子量热激蛋白基因的鉴定与表达分析

本研究利用生物信息学方法对NCBI数据库中四纹豆象(Callosobruchus maculatus)全部热激蛋白进行分析,从中鉴定出一种中央区具有典型α-晶体蛋白质结构域的小分子量热激蛋白基因,shsp27(Gen Bank编号FK669241.1)。采用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-q PCR)检测了四纹豆象4龄幼虫经不同温度(4、15、30、37℃以及4℃低温处理24 h后回复30℃)胁迫处理24 h后,shsp27 m RNA的相对表达量。分析结果表明,在4龄四纹豆象幼虫中,低温(4、15℃)与高温(37℃)胁迫处理后shsp27的相对表达量相对于对照组(30℃恒温培养组)均有上调响应,但对高温胁迫的响应程度略强,低温回复处理组的相对表达量也略高于对照组,但上升不显著,初步认为shsp27基因表达与四纹豆象耐寒热的适应性无直接相关性。     

茭白低温胁迫下内参基因筛选和相关基因表达分析

为探究低温胁迫下茭白的最适内参基因，分别以低温(4℃)胁迫0,3,6,12,24,48,96 h的茭白叶片为材料，通过qRT-PCR技术和geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, ReFinder软件分析8个候选内参基因ACT,H2B,UBQ,GAPDH,β-actin,60s,SKIP,AQP的表达稳定性；并利用筛选出的最适内参基因组合β-actin,H2B和ACT对响应低温胁迫相关基因的表达水平进行分析.结果表明：在低温胁迫中CDPK的表达量在前期上调，随后下调；DREB/CBF的表达量也有上调，但总体呈现波动变化；ICE1和WRKY的表达量先显著上调，在24 h达到较高水平，后期表达量下降.结果显示，这些基因在茭白中可能以不同的方式响应低温胁迫，为后续茭白低温响应分子机制的研究奠定了基础.     

甘蓝型油菜BnDHAR基因的克隆及表达分析

在甘蓝型油菜矮化突变体与其高秆亲本构建的消减杂交文库中,得到一长约230bp与编码脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶的DHAR基因核苷酸序列相似的DNA片段.采用同源克隆技术,在甘蓝型油菜中获得该基因的全长cDNA序列,命名为BnDHAR.BnDHAR与已公布的甘蓝型油菜基因组中的该基因核苷酸序列完全一致.对BnDHAR基因不同发育时期组织的表达分析的结果显示,BnDHAR基因在高秆油菜苗期的叶中表达量最高,是矮化突变体的5倍,在根、茎中表达极低,具有组织特异性.非生物胁迫显著影响BnDHAR表达,高温胁迫使其表达升高,盐胁迫处理9h时达最高,而干旱胁迫时表达量在处理12h时才达最高.     

凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)Hsp70基因PCR扩增及序列分析

目的：为获得凡纳滨对虾的热休克蛋白70（Hsp70）基因并分析其基因序列．方法：根据GenBank中斑节对虾（Penaeus monodon）Hsp70基因的cDNA序列,设计引物,对经高盐法提取的凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）基因组DNA,采用优化的降落PCR（Touch Downeca）程序,扩增凡纳滨对虾Hsp70基因的全长序列．结果：PCR扩增得到一条长1983bp的目的DNA片段,回收纯化该片段并测定其核酸序列．用DNAman软件分析发现,该核酸序列中不含内含子,编码区全长为1959bp;经BLASTn和BLASTx软件分析发现,该编码区核苷酸序列与斑节对虾、罗氏沼虾（Macrobrachium rosenbergii）的Hsp70基因序列的相似性分别为97％和62．2％．根据核苷酸序列所推导出的Hsp70氨基酸序列,其与斑节对虾、罗氏沼虾的相似性分别为99．9％和92．6％．结论：成功地从凡纳滨对虾基因组DNA中直接扩增出Hsp70基因的全长编码区序列。     

Forming condition and control strategy of ferrite decarburization in 60Si2MnA spring steel wires for automotive suspensions

The ferrite decarburization behavior of 60Si2MnA spring steel wires for automotive suspensions, including the forming condition and the influence of heating time and cooling rate after hot rolling, was investigated comprehensively. Also, a control strategy during the reheating process and cooling process after rolling was put forward to protect against ferrite decarburization. The results show that ferrite decarburization, which has the strong temperature dependence due to phase transformation, is produced between 675 and 875℃. The maximum depth is found at 750℃. Heating time and cooling rate after rolling have an important influence on decarburization. Reasonable preheating temperature in the billet reheating process and austenitizing temperature in the heat-treatment process are suggested to protect against ferrite decarburization.     

An N-terminal peptide from p60src can direct myristylation and plasma membrane localization when fused to heterologous proteins

The src gene product, p60src, of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) is a tyrosine-specific protein kinase which is associated with the plasma membrane of infected cells. Myristic acid is bound in an amide linkage to glycine 2 of p60src. Of the N-terminal 30 kilodaltons of p60src, only amino acids 1-14 are required for myristylation, and myristylation of p60src may be required for its membrane association, and for cell transformation. To test the hypothesis that the first 14 amino acids of p60src contain a recognition sequence for myristylation, we have fused the DNA sequence coding for these amino acids to either the fps gene of the F36 derivative of Fujinami sarcoma virus (FSV), or to the chimpanzee alpha-globin gene. We report here that although the fusion proteins were myristylated, the parental proteins were not, and unlike the non-myristylated F36 p91fps which was not bound to the plasma membrane, the myristylated fusion protein was bound, like p60src. We conclude that the first 14 amino acids of p60src contain a sequence which is sufficient for myristylation, and which may direct proteins to the plasma membrane.     

Microcalorimetric study of the effect of porphyrin-cholesterol esters on cancer cells HL-60

By using an LKB-2277 Bioactivity Monitor, the effect of porphyrin-cholesterol esters on cancer cells HL-60 were examined at 25°C. There is a difference in the shape of the thermogenesis curve samong different kinds of porphyrin-cholesterol esters, and the death rate of HL-60 cells is also different. The results show that porphyrin-chsterol esters can powerfully inhibit their metabolism, the inhibitory sequence is II>I>III, but the inhibitory way of each ester is different. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Liu Yi: born in Nov. 1970, Ph. D. graduate student     

Growth of C60(111) single crystalline thin film on Ni3Co(111) substrate

Conclusions We have studied C₆₀ films grown on Ni₃Co(111) single-crystalline substrate using hotwall diffusion method. The XRD and SEM results show that high-quality C₆₀ (111) singlecrystalline film with grain size of ∼ 1 μm can be obtained at the substrate temperature of 150 ° C. Due to the strong interfacial interaction between C₆₀ and Ni₃Co(111) substrates, temperature has much more influence on the orientation of the film than that of the film grown on nonmetallic substrates. The film grown at 100 ° C has a weak orientational order and the film grown at 200 ° C is randomly oriented.     

高温后高强混凝土剪切裂缝与拉剪箍筋销栓作用

为研究高温后高强混凝土的剪切裂缝和拉剪箍筋销栓作用,浇筑了两种强度高强混凝土Z形试件.分别对试件进行了200,400,800°C的高温试验,通过高温后试件的直剪试验,研究了温度和混凝土强度对剪切裂缝的影响.基于弹性地基梁理论建立了箍筋销栓作用模型,结合实测的剪切裂缝宽度和裂缝滑移,计算得到高温后高强混凝土与箍筋之间的销栓剪应力.研究结果表明:除200°C以外,高强混凝土的裂缝峰值位移(裂缝峰值宽度和裂缝峰值滑移)随温度的升高而增大;无论经历多高的温度,混凝土的强度越高,裂缝峰值位移越小;箍筋的销栓剪切应力与裂缝滑移呈线性关系,销栓剪切刚度随温度的升高而降低,随混凝土强度的增大而增大;销栓剪切应力随温度的升高而增大,随混凝土强度增大而减小.     

低功率毫米波辐射对HL60细胞基因表达谱的影响

摘要：研究低功率毫米波辐射对HL60白血病细胞基因表达谱的影响。应用基因芯片检测频率41.32GHz的毫米波辐射HL60白血病细胞和未辐射毫米波HL60白血病细胞组基因表达差异,并进行RT-PCR方法验证IL-7、EGF和LGALS3基因变化。 结果与对照组比较,毫米波辐射60min后,HL60细胞增殖,基因芯片检出基因表达上调18个和下调306个,在下调的基因中,RT-PCR 检出IL-7、EGF和LGALS3基因下调与基因芯片结果一致。表明低功率毫米波可导致HL60细胞基因表达谱发生变化,这些变化的基因与HL60细胞增殖功能相关。提示基因表达变化是低功率毫米波辐射HL60细胞所致生物学反应的重要因素。     

A novel thermophilic endoglucanase from a mesophilic fungus Fusarium oxysporum

Cellulose is an abundant and renewable energy re- source on earth. Microorganisms produce multiple en- zymes to degrade cellulose, known as cellulase sys- tem[1]. Components of cellulase system were first clas- sified based on their modes of catalytic act…     

The mitochondrial chaperonin hsp60 is required for its own assembly

Heatshock protein 60 (hsp60) in the matrix of mitochondria is essential for the folding and assembly of newly imported proteins. Hsp60 belongs to a class of structurally related chaperonins found in organelles of endosymbiotic origin and in the bacterial cytosol. Hsp60 monomers form a complex arranged as two stacked 7-mer rings. This 14-mer complex binds unfolded proteins at its surface, then seems to catalyse their folding in an ATP-dependent process. The question arises as to how such an assembly machinery is itself folded and assembled. Hsp60 subunits are encoded by a nuclear gene and translated in the cytosol as precursors which are translocated into mitochondria and proteolytically processed. In both intact cells and isolated mitochondria of the hsp60-defective yeast mutant mif4, self-assembly of newly imported wild-type subunits is not observed. Functional pre-existing hsp60 complex is required in order to form new, assembled, 14-mer. Subunits imported in vitro are assembled with a surprisingly fast half-time of 5-10 min, indicative of a catalysed reaction. These findings are further evidence that self-assembly may not be the principal mechanism by which proteins attain their functional conformation in the intact cell.     

Self-assembly of N-3-γ-pyridyl Aza[60]fulleroid on Au(111)

Self-assembled monolayers of novel C₆₀ derivative, N-3-γ-pyridyl Aza[60]fulleroid (C₆₀Py), on Au(111) were studied by a scanning tunneling microscope under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV). C₆₀Py molecules were assembled on Au (111) via pyridyl nitrogen-Au interaction. The sole assembly of C₆₀Py molecules on Au (111) only exhibited randoml aggregation of C₆₀Py even the films were annealed at 50 and 105°C. By co-assembling with benzyl mercaptan (BM), the C₆₀PyBM films showed highly dense aggregation, but C₆₀Py assemblies still had disordered structure. After the co-assembled C₆₀Py-BM films were annealed at 50°C, BM molecules were partially desorbed, but the assembly of C₆₀Py remained without obvious change. After the co-assembled C₆₀Py-BM films were further annealed at 105°C, the C₆₀Py monolayers with ordered structure were obtained, while the BM molecules were nearly thoroughly desorbed from the surface. Here, the BM molecules play a key role as a surfactant in the formation of the ordered C₆₀Py monolayer.