多层高反膜的理论设计与光学特性分析

从理论上对光学多层介质反射膜作了设计，用堆积密度的概念模拟了溶胶-凝胶法制备的纳米多孔薄膜的折射率；利用反射率增幅分析与膜层制备难度分析来选择理想的膜系设计；通过计算分析了经典四分之一波长膜系的光学特性，包括薄膜膜层的驻波场分布和镀膜过程中的随机误差对膜层反射率曲线的影响，为多层高反膜的化学法制备与实际应用提供了重要依据。     

激光干涉测报仪

结合我们工作的实际需要,本组于1972年研制了一套激光干涉测报仪,主要用于核准振动传感器。振幅的测量可以准确到0.2μn。实验表明,与使用读数显微镜比较,精度提高了,而且操作方便,大大缩短了核准实验的时间。 一、基本原理 由于氦氖气体激光器输出的激光单色性非常好,波长很稳定,因此用激光的波长来度量振动位移幅度的大小,具有较高的精确度。激光干涉测振仪基本原理如图1所示。 激光干涉测振仪是根据光学干涉原理制成的。光学系统基本与迈克逊干涉仪相同。氦氖气体激光器输出的激光(λ=0.6328μm),经过半透半反镜,将激光分为两束,透过的部…     

光学失代法在X射线多层膜设计中的应用

文中考虑了材料的相对导磁系数对材料复数折射率的贡献，使分层介质系统的光学迭代法更具普遍性．还系统地研究了理想Ｘ射线多层膜的掠入射 面反射率与层厚比及周期数的关系，这对Ｘ射线多层膜的制备具有指导意义。     

光学迭代法在X射线多层膜设计中的应用

文中考虑了材料的相对导磁系数对材料复数折射率的贡献,使分层介质系统的光学迭代法更具普遍性;还系统地研究了理想X射线多层膜的掠入射镜面反射率与层厚比及周期数的关系,这对X射线多层膜的制备具有指导意义     

光学薄膜厚度监控的研究

光学薄膜厚度监控的研究魏红振杨杨李家熔（华中理工大学激光工程研究院武汉４３００７４）对于多层薄膜的制备，精确监控每一层膜的厚度是必须的，否则不可能制备一个预期的薄膜系统。应用最广泛的监控方法是采用光电检测，直接测量薄膜透过率或反射率值的极值控制方法。...     

软X射线多层膜透射式起偏器和检偏器设计

叙述了软X射线波段多层膜透射式起偏器和检偏器的设计原理，提出了设计准则，通过该准则设计的多层膜偏振元件能够同时满足具有较大的光通量和偏振度要求．同时还优化了不同膜厚比情况下软X射线多层膜偏振元件的性能，讨论了在多层膜制作过程中，由于表界面粗糙度和扩散的不同对元件性能的影响，这些工作为制作软X射线多层膜透射式起偏器和检偏器提供了设计基础。     

X射线能量分辨率与多层膜测量反射率的关系

X射线能量分辨率大小对多层膜测量反射率有影响. 理论上分析了入射光能量分辨率与多层膜测量反射率的关系. 研究结果表明: 入射光为非单色光时, 多层膜测量峰值反射率低于单色光的反射率; 但是在非设计波长处, 非单色光的反射率大于单色光反射率; 设计波长越短的X射线多层膜, 其测量反射率对入射光单色性越敏感; 对确定的多层膜, 入射光能量分辨率存在一个极限值, 如果能量分辨率小于极限值, 多层膜测量反射曲线是直线, 没有反射峰出现.     

X 射线超反射镜设计、制作与表征

探讨了 X 射线波段超反射镜的设计, 采用了周期膜堆作初始条件加单纯形局域优化和模拟退火全局优化方法, 设计了工作能量为Cu的Kα(8.0 keV)线的不同掠入射角和不同角度带宽的宽角度X射线超反射镜和8~25 keV范围内不同掠入射角和不同能量带宽的宽带X射线超反射镜. 同时, 还系统研究了非周期多层膜超反射镜的制备工艺, 解决了多层膜制备过程中遇到的一些工艺性问题和精确定标的问题, 进行了不同膜层材料对组合的超反射镜制备实验, 成功制备了相应的多层膜样品. 利用高分辨率X射线衍射仪测量了样品的反射率, 所得结果与设计值基本相符.     

铝靶表面及附近空气光学击穿研究

该文分析了调Q激光引诱铝靶表面及附近空气光学击穿的物理机理,并利用马赫干涉仪和光学延迟装置探测了在这一过程中产生的等离子体和冲击波,获得了序列多幅的等离子体及冲击波产生和发展的马赫干涉图,并讨论了靶表面空气击穿的起因。     

掠入射X射线显微镜反射率分析

X射线掠入射显微镜的反射率除了与掠入射角有关之外，还与反射表面的粗糙度密切相关．以设计的非共轴掠入射KBAX射线显微镜系统为例，讨论了掠入射下X射线从金属表面和单层膜表面反射的两种情况．分析了波长为0．83nm时，表面均方粗糙度（RMS）对反射率的影响，并计算了该系统的X射线反射率．分析结果表明RMS增大，反射率会降低；无氧铜的反射率为0．021，单层膜的反射率为0．049，因此KBAX射线显微镜可采用镀单层膜的方法加工．     

Fabrication of the beam splitters for soft X-ray laser application

The electron densities of a laser-produced plasma near the critical surface can be measured by using soft X-ray laser interferometry because the soft X-ray laser has shorter wavelength, higher brightness and better coher-ence and so on. It has obvious dominance in the experi-mental research of diagnosing the distribution of electron densities in a laser-produced plasma. The experimental results can not only give the information correlated with plasmas, which cannot be described accurately in t…     

A high-intensity highly coherent soft X-ray femtosecond laser seeded by a high harmonic beam

Synchrotrons have for decades provided invaluable sources of soft X-rays, the application of which has led to significant progress in many areas of science and technology. But future applications of soft X-rays--in structural biology, for example--anticipate the need for pulses with much shorter duration (femtoseconds) and much higher energy (millijoules) than those delivered by synchrotrons. Soft X-ray free-electron lasers should fulfil these requirements but will be limited in number; the pressure on beamtime is therefore likely to be considerable. Laser-driven soft X-ray sources offer a comparatively inexpensive and widely available alternative, but have encountered practical bottlenecks in the quest for high intensities. Here we establish and characterize a soft X-ray laser chain that shows how these bottlenecks can in principle be overcome. By combining the high optical quality available from high-harmonic laser sources (as a seed beam) with a highly energetic soft X-ray laser plasma amplifier, we produce a tabletop soft X-ray femtosecond laser operating at 10 Hz and exhibiting full saturation, high energy, high coherence and full polarization. This technique should be readily applicable on all existing laser-driven soft X-ray facilities.     

Gene Disease Diagnostic System

IntroductionBinary optics[1,2 ] is a new technology which uses amicro- ion- etching film layer on a thin glass plateinstead of a common cubic glass lens.With binaryoptics,optical elements (such as lens andgratings) can be fabricated as integrated circuit(IC) devices.The binary optics can be integratedinto a laboratory on- a- chip[37] ,which includes thethree classic steps,sample preparation,biochemical reaction,and detection analysis.These small biochips have been used forpolymerase chain rea…     

用干涉条纹图像对比法测量微位移

研究了用迈克尔逊干涉条纹图像对比法测量微位移的实验.用He-Ne激光器、反射镜和分束镜组成干涉光路,一个反射镜固定在被测目标靶上,目标靶带动其中一个反射镜移动,使干涉光路发生变化,从而导致干涉条纹改变.利用线阵CCD采集干涉条纹图像并用对比法处理和计算,获得目标物的微位移.实验结果表明,用图像对比法处理干涉条纹,计算方法可行且准确率高,测量的精准度可以达到微米级.     

全介质宽波段消偏振分光镜

应用受抑全反射原理提出了一种全介质宽波段消偏振分光镜的设计方法，推导了获得消偏振的条件和获取各种分光比消偏振分光镜的设计结论，实验证实了理论的正确性。     

Lensless imaging of magnetic nanostructures by X-ray spectro-holography

Our knowledge of the structure of matter is largely based on X-ray diffraction studies of periodic structures and the successful transformation (inversion) of the diffraction patterns into real-space atomic maps. But the determination of non-periodic nanoscale structures by X-rays is much more difficult. Inversion of the measured diffuse X-ray intensity patterns suffers from the intrinsic loss of phase information, and direct imaging methods are limited in resolution by the available X-ray optics. Here we demonstrate a versatile technique for imaging nanostructures, based on the use of resonantly tuned soft X-rays for scattering contrast and the direct Fourier inversion of a holographically formed interference pattern. Our implementation places the sample behind a lithographically manufactured mask with a micrometre-sized sample aperture and a nanometre-sized hole that defines a reference beam. As an example, we have used the resonant X-ray magnetic circular dichroism effect to image the random magnetic domain structure in a Co/Pt multilayer film with a spatial resolution of 50 nm. Our technique, which is a form of Fourier transform holography, is transferable to a wide variety of specimens, appears scalable to diffraction-limited resolution, and is well suited for ultrafast single-shot imaging with coherent X-ray free-electron laser sources.     

A scheme for efficient quantum computation with linear optics

Quantum computers promise to increase greatly the efficiency of solving problems such as factoring large integers, combinatorial optimization and quantum physics simulation. One of the greatest challenges now is to implement the basic quantum-computational elements in a physical system and to demonstrate that they can be reliably and scalably controlled. One of the earliest proposals for quantum computation is based on implementing a quantum bit with two optical modes containing one photon. The proposal is appealing because of the ease with which photon interference can be observed. Until now, it suffered from the requirement for non-linear couplings between optical modes containing few photons. Here we show that efficient quantum computation is possible using only beam splitters, phase shifters, single photon sources and photo-detectors. Our methods exploit feedback from photo-detectors and are robust against errors from photon loss and detector inefficiency. The basic elements are accessible to experimental investigation with current technology.     

水准仪数字化改造中光电成像系统的设计

以光学自动安平水准仪为依托,对水准测量的数字化进行研究,在光学自动安平水准仪的主光路中增设偏振分光镜,选取线阵CCD图像传感器作为标尺图像采集器件,确定了各部分的参数,完成光电成像系统的设计。实验测试表明,设计的样机整体性能较好,可以满足电子读数的要求。     

基于量子绝热捷径技术的光波导分束器设计

用于加快量子绝热“慢”过程的量子绝热捷径技术, 已广泛应用于原子、分子和光物理.基于耦合波导的量子光学类比, 利用量子绝热捷径技术设计光学波导的耦合系数与传播常数, 实现快速的光波导分束器件. 通过数值模拟, 并与共振耦合和绝热耦合波导进行比较. 结果表明, 量子绝热捷径技术所设计的光学波导分束器具有长度短、输出稳定性高的优势.