21%Cr铁素体不锈钢成型性能和表面起皱研究

以21%Cr铁素体不锈钢为研究对象,研究了热轧退火及冷轧润滑对带钢中织构和晶粒簇的影响.结果表明:热轧退火再结晶不完全时,成品带钢中心处的晶粒簇明显,且带钢厚度方向上织构梯度很大,使得带钢在成型过程中表面起皱和各向异性明显;冷轧过程不进行润滑时,与采用冷轧润滑的成品带钢相比,带钢厚度方向上的织构梯度增加,γ纤维织构的强度降低,使得带钢的成型性能恶化;当热轧退火使带钢发生完全再结晶,并在冷轧过程中进行充分润滑时,则可使成品带钢同时获得较好的成型性能和抗表面起皱性能.     

横向预拉伸对17%Cr超纯铁素体不锈钢表面抗皱性的影响

以17%Cr超纯铁素体不锈钢的冷轧退火板为原料,研究了3%、6%、9%和12%横向预拉伸(即拉伸方向垂直于板材轧向)变形对其冲压成形表面抗皱性的影响。采用电子背散射衍射技术及X射线衍射技术探究了横向预拉伸前后板材内部织构取向和晶粒团簇的演变规律。结果表明,横向预拉伸9%后实验钢板表面抗皱性获得较大提高。由于在退火、横向预拉及纵向拉伸后{001}取向晶粒含量均非常少,因此基于厚向塑性应变比差异的Chao起皱机理不适用实验钢,而基于平面剪切应变的Takechi模型能较好地解释实验结果。在横向预拉伸后,由于γ纤维织构晶粒簇的宽度降低、方向整体偏转,使得板材抗皱性得到提高。     

半工艺无取向硅钢加临界变形的织构演变

测定了半工艺无取向电工钢热轧(终轧温度在Ar1以下)到成品各工序的织构,以取向分布函数(ODF)的形式对加临界变形的半工艺无取向硅钢的织构演变作了分析.发现其热轧板表层织构基本是典型的铁素体再结晶{111}组分,心部和1/4厚度处以铁素体剪切织构和轧制变形织构为主.冷轧变形后,心部和表层织构组分比较接近,{111}、{112}和{100}面织构都增加,但{111}组分增加最明显.软化退火后,{001}<110>与{112}<110>组分迅速降低,织构组分以γ纤维织构为主.通过增加临界变形,在最终去应力退火后,{111}不利面织构大量减少,高斯组分增加明显.Taylor因子可以表征不同取向晶粒对变形能的储存能力,从轧制变形时Taylor因子的分布可以解释该实验结果.     

Impact of asymmetry deformation on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ31B alloy sheets deformed by on-line heating rolling

The effect of asymmetry deformation on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ31 sheet was investigated in the present paper. Two AZ31 sheets were rolled together with an on-line heating rolling mill and separated from each other afterwards. For each sheet, the strain on both surface during rolling was asymmetry and this rolling method is called asymmetry rolling (AR) in present work. For comparison, symmetry rolling (SR) was also carried out on the same rolling mill that only one sheet was rolled in one pass. The sheets deformed by AR showed more homogeneous microstructure with higher recrystallization level and symmetry distributional basal texture. Moreover, SR sheets showed many narrow shear bands which distributed as “V” shape along rolling direction, while less shear bands with wider size are observed in AR sheet. The shear bands in AR sheet distributed as a line and across the entire thickness of the sheet, resulting in layered bimodal structure. Based on the unique microstructure and texture characteristics, AR sheet has lowest mechanical property anisotropy and a good balance of strength and elongation.     

异步轧制无取向硅钢的再结晶织构演变

在无取向硅钢冷轧过程中采用同步轧制和速比为1.06,1.125,1.19的异步轧制,以考察异步轧制对冷轧和再结晶织构的影响.研究发现,异步轧制减弱冷轧织构中{001}～{112}〈110〉组分,增强{111}〈112〉并减弱{111}〈110〉组分.{111}〈112〉和{111}～{225}〈110〉形变晶粒内剪切带处分别形成η(〈001〉∥RD)及偏离其15°的η′(Ψ=75°,θ=0～45°,φ=0°)再结晶晶粒,η′因晶核尺寸优势发展成为主要织构组分.异步轧制下形变织构的变化有利于改善再结晶织构特征及性能,其影响随速比增大而增强.     

Beneficial clock-rolling cycles on the microstructure uniformity of {111} grains in tantalum sheets

Controlling the texture of tantalum sheets is of critical importance to fabricate good sputtering targets. In the present study two tantalum sheets were produced by clock rolling to 70% thickness reduction in 1 or 2 cycles. The results show that the stored energy and grain subdivision within the {111} grains {<111>//normal direction (ND)} after 1 cycle are significantly higher than those after 2 cycles, leading to fast recrystallization kinetics and strong {111} recrystallized texture upon annealing. Simulations with Taylor model indicate that shear strain occurred on more slip systems in the 2-cycle sample, which could explain the formation of cell blocks in {111} grains.     

高硅电工钢超薄带冷轧过程中的织构演变

采用轧制工艺制备了0.10 mm厚的6.5%Si高硅电工钢超薄带,并用X射线衍射技术对冷轧过程中的形变织构演变规律进行了研究,进而提出了分别有利于λ(100//ND,ND为轧面法线方向)和η(100//RD,RD为轧向)再结晶织构优化的形变织构控制方法.研究表明,50%~70%压下率有利于η再结晶织构优化,易于促进S=0.5层强η再结晶织构的形成.小于30%压下率和91%~97%压下率均有利于λ再结晶织构优化,其中30%的压下率更适合于二次冷轧法制备高硅钢超薄带时λ再结晶织构控制.     

超纯铁素体不锈钢的组织、织构及深拉伸性能

重点研究了冷轧压下率对冷轧、再结晶织构的影响.结果表明:当终轧温度为750℃时,热轧带退火后以{111}再结晶织构为主.随着冷轧压下量的增加,γ织构减弱,α织构增强,{111}再结晶织构明显增强.当冷轧压下率为84%时,{111}再结晶组分的体积分数达到64.5%,退火板的平均塑性应变比(-R)高达1.69,平面各向异性(ΔR)仅为-0.17,深拉伸性能优良.     

应用铁素体区热轧工艺开发超低碳热轧深冲板

研究了铁素体轧制工艺条件对一种Ti-IF钢的性能,特别是深冲性能的影响.采用铁素体区润滑轧制和高温卷取,r值最高为1.38,延伸率达到50%以上.而奥氏体轧制条件下r值低于1.0.织构分析证实在润滑轧制条件下,强的{111}再结晶织构沿厚度方向较均匀分布,剪切织构较弱,而在无润滑轧制条件下,{111}再结晶织构很弱,并且形成了较强的{110}剪切织构.为获得具有良好深冲性能的热轧板,要求加热温度在1 100-1 150℃之间,终轧温度在750-800℃之间, 卷取温度大于650℃.     

精轧温度对含Nb铁素体不锈钢薄板成形性的影响

利用金相显微镜、X射线衍射技术及电子背散射衍射(EBSD)技术,研究了两种精轧温度对Nb稳定化的Cr17铁素体不锈钢薄板成形性及表面皱折的影响.结果表明:低精轧温度有利于消弱冷轧退火板的γ纤维再结晶织构的偏转,提高γ纤维再结晶织构在各层的强度,改善沿着板厚的织构均匀性,促使冷轧退火板形成更少的取向晶粒簇.因此,采用较低精轧温度提高了成品板成形性能,减轻了成品板表面皱折.     

Hot deformation behavior of a Cr-containing low carbon steel in the ferrite range

A low carbon steel with Cr addition of 0.46wt% combined with trace elements of Mn and Ti was studied. The apparent activation energy of deformation and the hot deformation equation of the steel in the ferritic range were determined by means of single hot compression tests. The hot-rolled strip of 3 mm in thickness rolled in the ferritic range was obtained using a laboratory hot rolling mill. The mechanical properties show that the values of yield strength and ultimate tensile strength are 230 and 330 MPa, respectively, and the elongation is 33%. The average r-value is 1.1. Large polygonal ferrite recrystallization grains with about 40 grn in size and the strong { 111 } recrystallization texture can be obtained in the hot-rolled strip.     

Microtextural evolution of different TRC AA8006 alloy sections with homogenization

Grain microtexture evolution in twin-roll cast AA8006 alloy sheets subjected to different treatments was investigated using electron backscatter diffraction. The textures of rolling-transverse and normal-transverse sections were characterized in original as-cast twin-roll casting and cold-rolled samples as well as samples homogenized at 500℃ for 8 h and at 580℃ for 4 h. It is found that grains on both the rolling-transverse and normal-transverse sections of cold-rolled samples are made finer by rolling deformation and coarsened after homogenization. Annealing temperature has a stronger effect on the microstructural evolution than annealing time. The grain growth direction is parallel to the normal-transverse section, while grain deformation is more stable on the rolling direction than on the normal direction. The rolling orientations display more obvious anisotropy on the normal-transverse sections than on the rolling-transverse sections. Grain recrystallization and growth occur much easier on the normal-transverse section than on the rolling-transverse section for samples homogenized at 500℃ for 8 h. A special misorientation relationship between cold deformation texture, such as S orientation {123}<634> and cube orientation <110>‖X_axis[cubic], and recrystallization texture after homogenization, such as R orientation {124}<211> and P orientation {011}<122>, is observed.     

热轧工艺对409L铁素体不锈钢深冲性的影响

对含有单一柱状晶的409L铁素体不锈钢连铸坯,采用不同终轧温度的热轧工艺,由常规热轧转变为温轧,再经过相同后续工艺;较低终轧温度的成品获得了较高rm值和较低△r值.终轧温度的降低使组织演变发生变化:热轧和冷轧组织中晶界和晶内剪切带增多,变形组织被细化、硬化,尤其是中心层附近的粗大带状晶粒;两者的增多又增加了退火过程中的...     

二步冷轧对铁素体不锈钢深冲性能和织构的影响

比较了一步冷轧和二步冷轧对铁素体不锈钢深冲性能和织构的影响.结果显示,采用一步冷轧(冷轧压下率90%)后,获得了高的平均r值(rm=1.92),且45°方向的r值要大于轧向和横向的r值,导致了材料的Δr呈负值(Δr=-0.31);在总压下率一定的情况下,采用二步冷轧后,薄板的平均r值变化不大(rm=1.90),但材料的平面各向异性很小(Δr=0.14).对两种工艺的再结晶织构分析表明,一步冷轧后薄板生成了强烈的γ织构,但是织构的峰值明显偏离了{111}轴,位于{223}〈582〉处;二步冷轧后薄板则生成了均匀的γ再结晶织构.     

薄带连铸Cr17铁素体不锈钢的织构演变

以具有不同初始组织的Cr17铁素体不锈钢双辊连铸薄带为实验材料,分别进行相同的冷轧及退火处理,对织构演变进行了对比研究.结果表明:织构演变与薄带的初始组织、织构密切相关.柱状晶薄带具有显著的(001)//ND织构,等轴晶薄带则具有微弱的随机织构;两者经冷轧后都形成了较温和的α纤维织构及较均匀的γ纤维织构,但是,后者的α...     

Enhancement of ductility and improvement of abnormal Goss grain growth of magnetostrictive Fe-Ga rolled alloys

The influences of initial microstructures on the mechanical properties and the recrystallization texture of magnetostrictive 0.1at% NbC-doped Fe₈₃Ga₁₇ alloys were investigated. The directionally solidified columnar-grained structure substantially enhanced the tensile elongation at intermediate temperatures by suppressing fracture along the transverse boundaries. Compared with tensile elongations of 1.0% at 300℃ and 12.0% at 500℃ of the hot-forged equiaxed-grained alloys, the columnar-grained alloys exhibited substantially increased tensile elongations of 21.6% at 300℃ and 46.6% at 500℃. In the slabs for rolling, the introduction of <001>-oriented columnar grains also promotes the secondary recrystallization of Goss grains in the finally annealed sheets, resulting in an improvement of the saturation magnetostriction. For the columnar-grained specimens, the inhomogeneous microstructure and disadvantage in number and size of Goss grains are improved in the primarily annealed sheets, which is beneficial to the abnormal growth of Goss grains during the final annealing process.     

Fe3Si基合金板材的制备技术

在既有的研究工作基础上,给出了更为合适的锻造、轧制等工艺参数和工艺方法。利用普通的锻造和轧制设备,成功制备了良好的约1．5mm厚的Fe3Si基合金薄板。制备过程中典型的微观组织变化如下：铸态组织 的晶粒较大且很不均匀;锻造组织为通过再结晶而形成的晶粒较细且均匀的等轴状组织;轧态组织为纤维组织。     

工业纯钛板材冷轧及退火微观组织和织构演变规律

采用先进电子背散射衍射（EBSD）技术,深入研究了冷轧工艺变化和道次间退火处理对工业纯钛板材微观组织和织构演变的影响规律。通过对比不同一次冷轧变形量样品经退火和二次冷轧加工后的EBSD取向分布图、取向差角分布图和极图得知,一次冷轧产生的孪晶对退火再结晶晶粒尺寸及晶粒取向（织构）产生重要的影响,进而又影响二次冷轧的变形组织和织构特征,使二次冷轧变形孪晶的生成受到一定程度的抑制,孪晶分数随着轧制变形量的提高呈现先升高后降低的规律,同时会降低二次冷轧组织中{0001}基面织构组分。     

轧制织构的计算机模拟

分析了金属轧制变形的模拟过程,提出了新的形变模型(PC模型)。PC模型修正了多晶体内各晶粒变形时的切变边界条件,允许各种切变在变形过程中部分存在,从而使模拟更接近实际晶体变形过程。与多晶铝轧制织构的比较表明,PC模型能更好地表达轧制过程中面心立方金属各晶粒取向,在取向空间内的流动倾向及最终稳定位置。     

取向硅钢薄带形变再结晶组织及织构演变

利用背散射电子衍射微织构分析技术及X射线衍射织构分析技术,结合对取向硅钢薄带再结晶各阶段退火板磁性能的分析,系统研究了其形变再结晶过程中的组织及织构演变。结果表明,薄带内原始高斯晶粒取向发生绕TD轴向{111}<112>的转变,同时晶粒取向还表现出绕RD轴的附加转动,这种附加转动及其导致的表层微弱立方形变组织可为再结晶立方织构的形成提供核心。退火各阶段样品磁性能的变化对应了{110}-{100}<001>有益织构及其他织构的强弱转变以及再结晶晶粒不均匀程度的变化,综合织构类型及晶粒尺寸的变化推断发生了二次及三次再结晶过程。升温过程再结晶织构演变主要体现了织构诱发机制,也即与基体存在绕<001>轴取向关系的晶粒长大优势结合高斯织构的抑制效应发挥作用;而在高温长时间保温后三次再结晶过程,{110}低表面能诱发异常长大发挥主要作用使得最终得到锋锐的高斯织构。