不同轧制方式对铌箔微观组织和织构的影响

采用取向分布函数(ODF),并通过光学金相(OM)显微组织观察,研究分析经4种不同轧制方式变形及其在1 050℃退火1h过程中微观组织和织构的演变.研究结果表明:对于顺轧变形方式的铌箔,经1 050℃退火1h后较其他3种轧制方式晶粒细小均匀,晶粒的平均尺寸约为40μm;交叉轧制变形方式能形成较强的{001}＜110＞形变织构,并且经退火后能强化{111}＜uvw＞再结晶织构,有利于提高铌材的深冲性能,同时减少{001}＜100＞立方织构,而其他3种轧制方式对{001}＜l00＞织构具有强化作用;4种不同轧制方式变形不能强化{111}＜110＞形变织构.     

高纯电子铝箔立方织构形成的微观过程

采用EBSD微取向分析方法,通过分析高纯铝箔冷轧后退火的再结晶初期立方取向晶核的形成过程及立方取向晶粒的长大行为,探讨了高纯铝箔中立方织构形成的微观过程.结果表明,在高纯铝箔轧制基体上没有发现立方取向{001}<100>的晶核优先形成,但是再结晶完成以后却会出现较强的立方织构,因此高纯铝箔立方织构的形成主要是借助于立方取向晶粒的取向生长机制实现的.立方取向晶核容易在S取向{123}<634>的形变晶粒之间产生.     

掺杂钨带退火过程中的组织与织构演变

对掺杂钨带在1 000～1 500℃等温退火过程中的组织与织构变化进行研究.研究结果表明:未退火钨带为拉长的纤维组织,纤维宽窄不一,纤维内部存在长短不一的条形胞.于1 200℃,1h条件下退火时由于亚晶长大发生纤维宽化与纤维界的锯齿化,但无再结晶晶粒形成.当退火温度升高至1 400℃时,纤维界处出现细小的等轴状再结晶晶粒,这些再结晶晶粒的形成机制是亚晶转动.1 500℃退火后,再结晶晶粒增多,但长大不明显,这主要是由于K泡对亚晶界或位错的钉扎作用,使亚晶转动与亚晶界迁移受到阻碍,延缓了再结晶形核与核心长大.拉拔钨丝织构为[110]丝织构,钨丝轧制为钨带后,[110]丝织构转变为{001}＜110＞和{111｝＜110＞织构,1 500℃退火后,亚晶转动使钨带织构转变为沿α取向线均匀分布的{uvw}＜110＞织构,与拉拔钨丝的[110]丝织构类似.     

IF钢生产过程中的织构演变

对IF钢生产过程中热轧、冷轧及退火试样的织构演变进行研究.分别借助EBSD和XRD测定和计算了热轧、退火及冷轧试样的取向分布函数及相关织构组分的体积分数.结果发现,热轧板在变形过程中发生了动态再结晶,晶粒为细小的等轴晶,为后续组织发展提供了基础;热轧后试样中的织构很弱,不会影响冷轧织构组分及含量.冷轧过程是织构形成的主要过程,试样中含有4种主要的织构组分:{001}〈110〉、{111｝〈110〉、{111}〈112〉和{112}〈110〉.退火过程中发生再结晶,4种冷轧织构组分在退火过程中均分别转变为{111｝面织构.     

Ta-7.5％W在退火过程中的组织和织构演变

通过金相组织观察、透射电子显微镜(TEM)及显微硬度测试,研究冷轧变形量为95％的Ta-7.5％W合金箔材在1 050,1 200和1 360℃退火时的组织和性能变化,并采用取向密度函数(ODF)分析在此过程中其织构演变规律.对其实验结果进行研究发现:冷轧态Ta-7.5％W合金硬度为HV 300,经1 360℃退火后硬度迅速减小,说明此时合金已发生回复再结晶.轧制后的Ta-7.5％W合金箔材具有各向异性,在轧面∥{111}取向上形成位错胞亚结构,在轧面∥{100}取向上形成了形变带,冷轧态的主要织构为{001}〈110〉,{112} 〈110〉和{110}〈110〉织构;在1 200℃退火时,在轧面∥{111}取向上,再结晶通过亚晶界迁移、亚晶长大形核,而在轧面∥{100}取向上,主要是通过亚晶转动、聚合形核;{001}〈110〉织构增强,{112}〈110〉织构减弱;在1 360℃退火时,{001}〈110〉织构急剧减弱,{111}〈112〉织构增强.     

半工艺无取向硅钢加临界变形的织构演变

测定了半工艺无取向电工钢热轧(终轧温度在Ar1以下)到成品各工序的织构,以取向分布函数(ODF)的形式对加临界变形的半工艺无取向硅钢的织构演变作了分析.发现其热轧板表层织构基本是典型的铁素体再结晶{111}组分,心部和1/4厚度处以铁素体剪切织构和轧制变形织构为主.冷轧变形后,心部和表层织构组分比较接近,{111}、{112}和{100}面织构都增加,但{111}组分增加最明显.软化退火后,{001}<110>与{112}<110>组分迅速降低,织构组分以γ纤维织构为主.通过增加临界变形,在最终去应力退火后,{111}不利面织构大量减少,高斯组分增加明显.Taylor因子可以表征不同取向晶粒对变形能的储存能力,从轧制变形时Taylor因子的分布可以解释该实验结果.     

冷拔高碳钢丝及其再结晶织构

为了研究高碳钢盘条拉拔及后续退火过程中织构的演变规律,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和电子背散射衍射(EBSD)系统分别对SWRH82B热轧盘条以,及不同应变量的钢丝拉拔态、再结晶态的显微组织和织构进行了研究.研究发现,原始盘条中晶粒呈等轴状,片层无明显的择优取向,且盘条中晶粒取向比较分散,存在着很微弱的织构;冷拔态钢丝中的晶粒呈纤维状,片层基本沿拉拔方向排列,其主要织构为明显的(110)丝织构、{111}＜110＞和{001}＜110＞织构,且随着应变量增大,＜110＞丝织构的强度明显提高;钢丝经600℃退火6 h完全再结晶后,晶粒呈等轴状,渗碳体球化,钢丝的再结晶织构类型仍为明显的＜110＞丝织构,与退火前相比,织构的强度有所变化.     

高硅钢近柱状晶初始组织的形变、再结晶行为及磁性能

采用电子背散射衍射技术对高硅钢近柱状晶初始组织直接热轧、温轧、冷轧和退火组织及织构演变进行分析,并测定相应退火板的磁性能.该实验条件下组织与织构演变规律体现了表层剪切细小组织和中心层粗大组织的竞争关系,其中中心层组织与原始立方取向相关或表现为α线取向.柱状晶的影响在最终退火组织中仍存在,少量立方取向区域可遗传到最终退火板中,虽然没有大量出现,仍有效削弱了{111}织构.形变退火过程中与原始立方取向线有关的晶粒尺寸普遍较大,有利于磁性.样品最终的磁感应强度低于文献报导的强{120}〈001〉或{100}〈021〉织构样品,但高于普通无取向高硅钢,且轧向和横向磁感应强度值差异小,所以柱状晶组织有利于无取向高硅钢的制备.     

再结晶退火温度对无取向硅钢织构和磁性能的影响

对冷轧及退火后无取向硅钢织构及磁性能的变化进行研究.借助电子背散射衍射(EBSD)技术测量退火试样的极图,计算取向分布函数(ODF)和织构组分的体积分数,并利用TYU-2000M磁性能测量仪测量试样的磁性能.结果表明,810、840、880 ℃下退火3 min后,试样的再结晶均充分完成,且晶粒随着退火温度的升高而长大;退火后,试样中首先显现{111}〈112〉织构组分,且随退火温度的升高呈增强趋势;退火温度继续升高时,{111}〈110〉织构组分增强,一次再结晶后材料中出现{111}面织构,导致试样的磁感应强度B50降低,同时由于晶粒的长大使得试样的铁损P15减小.     

异步轧制无取向硅钢的再结晶织构演变

在无取向硅钢冷轧过程中采用同步轧制和速比为1.06,1.125,1.19的异步轧制,以考察异步轧制对冷轧和再结晶织构的影响.研究发现,异步轧制减弱冷轧织构中{001}～{112}〈110〉组分,增强{111}〈112〉并减弱{111}〈110〉组分.{111}〈112〉和{111}～{225}〈110〉形变晶粒内剪切带处分别形成η(〈001〉∥RD)及偏离其15°的η′(Ψ=75°,θ=0～45°,φ=0°)再结晶晶粒,η′因晶核尺寸优势发展成为主要织构组分.异步轧制下形变织构的变化有利于改善再结晶织构特征及性能,其影响随速比增大而增强.     

Microstructure and texture evolution of cold-rolled deep-drawing steel sheet during annealing

In accordance with experimental results about the annealing microstructure and texture of cold-rolled deepdrawing sheet based on the compact strip production (CSP) process, a two-dimensional cellular automation simulation model, considering real space and time scale, was established to simulate recrystallization and grain growth during the actual batch annealing process. The simulation results show that pancaked grains form during recrystallization. {111} advantageous texture components become the main parts of the recrystallization texture. After grain growth, the pancaked grains coarsen gradually. The content of {111} advantageous texture components in the annealing texture increases from 55vol% to 65vol%; meanwhile, the contents of {112}〈110〉 and {100}〈110〉 texture components decrease by 4% and 8%, respectively, compared with the recrystallization texture. The simulation results of microstructure and texture evolution are also consistent with the experimental ones, proving the accuracy and usefulness of the model.     

轧制Fe_(81)Ga_(19)合金薄带再结晶织构演变

对Fe_(81)Ga_(19)合金进行冷轧与再结晶退火,考察了压下率对再结晶织构及磁致伸缩性能的影响.再结晶织构主要由Goss({110}001)和γ(111//ND)织构组成,再结晶织构特征随压下率增加出现明显的改变,归因于变形微结构与冷轧织构的差异.冷轧压下率从60%增加到70%时,剪切带密度增加且{111}112形变织构增强,提高再结晶Goss织构强度与磁致伸缩性能.压下率为80%时,剪切带与形变基体取向变化使剪切带晶核取向漫散,且晶界储能提高为再结晶γ织构提供更多形核位置,导致再结晶Goss织构减弱而γ织构增强,降低薄带磁致伸缩性能.     

热轧工艺对409L铁素体不锈钢深冲性的影响

对含有单一柱状晶的409L铁素体不锈钢连铸坯,采用不同终轧温度的热轧工艺,由常规热轧转变为温轧,再经过相同后续工艺;较低终轧温度的成品获得了较高rm值和较低△r值.终轧温度的降低使组织演变发生变化:热轧和冷轧组织中晶界和晶内剪切带增多,变形组织被细化、硬化,尤其是中心层附近的粗大带状晶粒;两者的增多又增加了退火过程中的...     

Enhancement of ductility and improvement of abnormal Goss grain growth of magnetostrictive Fe-Ga rolled alloys

The influences of initial microstructures on the mechanical properties and the recrystallization texture of magnetostrictive 0.1at% NbC-doped Fe₈₃Ga₁₇ alloys were investigated. The directionally solidified columnar-grained structure substantially enhanced the tensile elongation at intermediate temperatures by suppressing fracture along the transverse boundaries. Compared with tensile elongations of 1.0% at 300℃ and 12.0% at 500℃ of the hot-forged equiaxed-grained alloys, the columnar-grained alloys exhibited substantially increased tensile elongations of 21.6% at 300℃ and 46.6% at 500℃. In the slabs for rolling, the introduction of <001>-oriented columnar grains also promotes the secondary recrystallization of Goss grains in the finally annealed sheets, resulting in an improvement of the saturation magnetostriction. For the columnar-grained specimens, the inhomogeneous microstructure and disadvantage in number and size of Goss grains are improved in the primarily annealed sheets, which is beneficial to the abnormal growth of Goss grains during the final annealing process.     

Microtextural evolution of different TRC AA8006 alloy sections with homogenization

Grain microtexture evolution in twin-roll cast AA8006 alloy sheets subjected to different treatments was investigated using electron backscatter diffraction. The textures of rolling-transverse and normal-transverse sections were characterized in original as-cast twin-roll casting and cold-rolled samples as well as samples homogenized at 500℃ for 8 h and at 580℃ for 4 h. It is found that grains on both the rolling-transverse and normal-transverse sections of cold-rolled samples are made finer by rolling deformation and coarsened after homogenization. Annealing temperature has a stronger effect on the microstructural evolution than annealing time. The grain growth direction is parallel to the normal-transverse section, while grain deformation is more stable on the rolling direction than on the normal direction. The rolling orientations display more obvious anisotropy on the normal-transverse sections than on the rolling-transverse sections. Grain recrystallization and growth occur much easier on the normal-transverse section than on the rolling-transverse section for samples homogenized at 500℃ for 8 h. A special misorientation relationship between cold deformation texture, such as S orientation {123}<634> and cube orientation <110>‖X_axis[cubic], and recrystallization texture after homogenization, such as R orientation {124}<211> and P orientation {011}<122>, is observed.     

冷轧压下率对双辊铸轧硅钢形变和再结晶织构的影响

2.0 mm厚双辊铸轧Fe-2.8%Si-0.8%Al硅钢带坯进行直接冷轧和退火,研究了不同冷轧压下率样品的形变与再结晶织构特征.形变织构主要由α(110//RD),γ(111//ND)和λ(001//ND)纤维织构组分构成,其取向密度峰值分别位于{001}110,{111}110和{001}110~210.随压下率提高(40%~90%),各主要形变织构组分增强,压下率为60%时,剪切带特征最显著.再结晶织构包含Goss({110}001),Cube({001}100),λ,{113}361和{111}112等织构组分.随压下率提高,再结晶机制由剪切带形核主导转变为形变带和晶界形核主导,导致再结晶Goss组分减弱,而{113}361,Cube,λ以及{111}112再结晶织构组分增强.     

中温含铜取向硅钢的形变和再结晶织构特征

通过对比中温含铜取向硅钢与普通取向硅钢和高磁感取向硅钢的组织和织构特征,分析中温含铜取向硅钢独特的织构演变规律及其对二次再结晶行为的影响。结果表明,为了获得有利于高斯晶粒长大的强γ取向线织构,中温含铜钢需经过回复退火处理和高温退火阶段慢速升温。回复过程中γ取向线晶粒储能降低,同时慢速升温有利于γ取向线晶粒的形核和再结晶。中温含铜钢的二次再结晶开始温度超过1000益,由于初次再结晶晶粒组织以γ织构为主且非γ取向线晶粒较少,导致最终二次晶粒尺寸超大且晶界圆滑,二次再结晶机理以择优长大为主导,超大的二次晶粒尺寸导致最终成品的铁损升高,但通过激光刻痕处理后,整体铁损的降低效果比二次晶粒较小的高磁感取向硅钢更加显著。     

退火时间对高强细晶IF钢再结晶织构的影响

以含铌高强细晶IF钢为研究对象,在不同保温时间下进行了连续退火实验.通过采用OM显微分析及EBSD测试技术对实验钢进行显微组织和微观织构观察分析,得到含铌高强细晶IF钢在退火过程中织构的演变规律.实验结果揭示：高强细晶IF钢在连续退火过程中形成较强的〈111〉//ND再结晶织构.当退火温度为850℃,保温时间为120 s时,钢板具有最强的〈111〉//ND织构;随着保温时间的增加,〈111 〉//ND织构逐渐增强,〈 110〉//RD先减弱后增强.再结晶织构在{111}面与{112}面之间转化并发生漫散现象.     

Microstructure and texture evolution of a near β titanium alloy Ti-7333 during continuous cooling hot deformation

The microstructure and texture evolution during continuous cooling hot deformation(CCHD) in a near β titanium alloy, named Ti-7Mo-3Nb-3Cr-3Al(Ti-7333), were investigated by using the electron backscattered diffraction(EBSD). The results indicate that the precipitation of secondary α phase was restricted by CCHD, and the morphology of primary α phase nearly had no change with the deformation and temperature drop. In contrast, βphase underwent more deformation and the grains tended to refine. This may be due to the dynamic recrystallization(DRX) of β phase, including continuous dynamic recrystallization(CDRX) and discontinuous dynamic recrystallization(DDRX). In addition, the textures of {110} 110 , {225} 520 and{115} 123 transformed to {100} 110 and {001} 100 during CCHD. Among these, the η-fiber component of {001} 100 was the dominant deformation texture in the deformed Ti-7333 alloy. Finally,continuous cooling has an important effect on the work hardening and softening during CCHD, contributing to the different flow behaviors at different cooling rates.