Numerical Simulation and Experimental Studies of Air Treatment Process with Water Spray of One Row Parallel Flow

The main purpose of the present work is to make a further insight into the procedure of heat and mass transfer between water droplets sprayed and air stream in a direct evaporative air cooler used in air-conditioning system in textile mills. The thermodynamic models of the two-phase flow in such a air treatment system have been developed for one row parallel flow spray. The fields of temperature and relative humidity in spray chamber, as well as the trajectories of sprayed drops have been obtained by calculation. A series of experiment aiming at quantifying the system performance and its influence factors have been conducted. It indicates that the increases of air velocity and water/air ratio while the decrease of nozzle density are favorable. Finally, the comparison between numerical simulation and experimental results have been carried out. Good agreements have been found for outlet air temperature while a maximum error of 10% has been observed for air relative humidity.     

水雾扩散与大气边界层的数值模拟

利用三维非线性ＰＢＬ方程组,采用工程上实用的湍流［Ｅ－ε］闭合方案,建立了一个高分辨率的ＰＢＬ模式来模拟不同层结下,水雾在流场中的散布,以及对环境湿度的影响．模式中考虑了水雾在流场中的扩散、蒸发,及相变潜热对流场的反馈机制．以某水电站在泄洪过程中水雾扩散为例,模拟了中性、不稳定层结下,对坝内附近环境湿度的影响,结果表明;在中性层结下,在源下风方向１ｋｍ左右的范围内,相对温度改变１％～１．８％．在不稳定层结下,相对湿度在近整个模拟域的范围内有１％～２．６％的改变,改变的范围和程度都比中性层结下大．文中结合该地区复杂的气流场,对结果进行了分析．对水雾扩散过程中潜热反馈对温度场和流场的影响进行了数值试验     

燃气轮机进气冷却基于气象条件的经济分析

以济南地区为例,基于气象资料对西门子SGT5—2000E型燃气轮机的蒸发式冷却和吸收式制冷方案进行对比分析,根据投资回收期、净现值等技术经济指标对进气冷却系统进行综合评价。结果发现:燃气轮机的蒸发式冷却系统受气温和相对湿度的影响明显,在考虑运行成本的前提下,喷雾蒸发式冷却系统适用于高温且相对湿度低、水源充足地区,而溴化锂吸收式制冷系统虽不受气象条件限制,但运行成本较高。     

Numerical Method for Heat and Mass Transfer in Air Washer-2.Spray Drop Trajectories of Horizontal Parallel Flow

Air Washer are employed in large air-conditioning sys-tems for dust removal and for evaporative cooling withappropriate design which can result in energy saving.Topredict the heat and mass transfer in water spray-air-flow system,a two-dimensional numerical model simu-lating the conservation of mass,momentum and energyof air and water are developed.Further,drop trajecto-ries in the case of horizontal parallel flow in air washerhave been simulated.The results of the simulations areused to investigate the effect of the initial droplet size,the spray angle and the airflow velocity on the drop ve-locity field and drop trajectories.     

运行条件对自然通风湿式冷却塔性能影响的实验研究

为研究得到湿式冷却塔最佳运行工况,搭建了自然通风湿式冷却塔实验系统。在保证结构参数不变的情况下,通过改变循环水进塔水温、循环水流量、环境大气干球温度、相对湿度等因素,研究得到不同运行条件下冷却塔性能的变化规律,并对其分析优化,从而取得高性能的运行工况。研究结果表明:在设定工况下,循环水流量对冷却性能几乎没有影响;循环水进塔温度高有利于增大冷却温差和冷却效率,但超过某特定值冷却效率趋于平缓;提高环境空气干球温度冷却温差和冷却效率逐渐减小,且进塔水温越高,环境干球温度的影响越大;空气相对湿度增大将导致冷却性能和冷却效率显著下降;随着侧风风速的增大,冷却性能先减小后增大,存在临界风速值。     

船舶进气装置引气防冰的数值模拟

船舶防冰系统通过某级低压压气机引入热气来加热冷的来流湿空气,实现升高进口温度、降低相对湿度,防止进气结冰。采用理论分析、数值模拟等手段,通过调整方案、孔径及喷嘴喷射角度等参数,达到比较好的引气防冰效果。结果显示热气引气压力过大时,喷嘴出口马赫数过高,将产生很大的压力损失和气动噪声;模型2的掺混效果和防冰效果比较好。     

变风量空调系统室内湿度控制分析

在变风量空调及其控制系统动态仿真软件的基础上，根据ASHRAE Standard 62-2001标准对于湿度控制的要求，分析了送风温度和冷媒水供水温度对空调区域相对湿度控制的影响．同时提出并分析了满足ASHRAE Standard 62-2001标准对湿度控制要求的送风温度优化控制策略。     

空气含湿量对列车车厢温度分布的影响

应用计算流体动力学软件FLUENT对列车车厢的空气流动状况进行了数值模拟,在考虑空气含湿量的情况下计算车厢内的温度分布状况。     

混合低温送风方式的测试及分析

对低温蓄冷低温送水中央空调系统中采用回风、新风、露点风混合调节到合适的温、湿度的混合空气送风方式进行了能耗实验测试，测试结果证明混合送风的方式有较好的节能效果．     

蓄冰柜在密闭空间中的降温除湿性能分析

为保证密闭空间内环境的温湿度在人员可接受的范围内,参照矿用救生舱降温除湿技术,基于fluent数值模拟与理论计算,研制了一种新型蓄冰柜降温除湿装置。该装置采用模块化设计,可以根据负荷的变化调整蓄冰模块的数量,电力中断情况下可取出蓄冰模块进行自然对流降温除湿,融化后的水可以供人员饮用。通过实验,得到了蓄冰柜在强制对流工况下的降温除湿特性及其保温性能,结果表明:相同环境温湿度条件下,入口风量越大,总降温除湿量越大,但出风温度升高,相对湿度降低,单位质量空气降温除湿效果下降;进风量相同条件下,环境温湿度越高,单位质量空气降温除湿效果越明显;总传热量与进风量近似成正比例关系,而且环境温湿度越高,比例系数越大;在进风量大于420m3/h的工况下,蓄冰柜降温除湿量可以满足容纳15人的应急密闭空间形成的冷负荷。     

太阳能集热型溶液再生器性能实验研究

采用CaCl2溶液、LiCl溶液、质量比1∶1的CaCl2和LiCl混合溶液,研究了空气入口温度、含湿量、空气流量、溶液流量、溶液进口温度、进口浓度对集热型再生器性能的影响.实验结果表明:较低的溶液进口浓度和空气入口含湿量以及较高的溶液进口温度能够增加再生量;而空气入口温度升高时,再生量仅略有增加;CaCl2溶液的再生性能最优,1∶1混合溶液次之,LiCl溶液的再生性能最差.     

压力式螺旋型喷嘴降温特性实验研究

针对空冷机组在夏季高温天气不能满发的问题,采用喷雾增湿降低入口空气的干球温度.选用压力式螺旋型雾化喷嘴进行喷雾降温试验研究,包括喷嘴流量特性试验及不同喷嘴布置方式的喷雾降温试验.从试验数据得到喷嘴流量特性曲线,并且在对降温过程进行热湿交换分析的基础上拟合出以蒸发冷却为主要降温机理的降温效果关联式.通过比较喷嘴不同布置方式的降温效果,得出排间距为500mm的喷嘴布置方式降温效果略好于排间距为1 000mm的喷嘴布置方式.     

大型防虫设施微气候环境测试分析

采用实地测试与统计实验的方法,对大型防虫设施室内和室外的风速、温度和相对湿度各项气候环境因子进行对比分析研究.结果表明,防虫网的使用可降低室内风速,提高室内温度和湿度,对室内环境的影响利弊兼有。实验结果为大型防虫设施的应用提供技术数据。     

IN RELATION TO CLOTHING COMFORT DYNAMIC MOISTURE TRANSFER THROUGH FABRICS

A sweating apparatus has been developed to permit simultaneous measurement for fabric temperature change and relative humidity change at outer still air layer of fabrics. In this paper, we compared the temperature and relative humidity changes for silk fabrics with polyester fabrics and got GM(1,P) relation models respectively between maximum fabric temperature change, maximum relative humidity change at outer still air layer and relative fabric character parameters. Furthermore, by comparing the objective experiments with subjective wear trials, it is found that the amounts of the change rate of fabric temperature and relative humidity at outer still layer are the most important factors which influence clothing comfort in dynamic moisture transfer condition. The more the changes of temperature and R.H., the more the mugginess and the thermal sensation.     

排风热回收温湿度独立控制空调系统应用模拟分析

提出了由全热回收与热泵热回收组成的两级排风热回收新风机组,并将其应用于风机盘管空调系统实现温湿度独立控制.选取南京地区某办公建筑为研究对象,利用DeST软件计算了建筑全年逐时冷负荷,建立了系统性能计算数学模型,编制程序对该系统在典型年供冷性能进行模拟分析.模拟结果表明,该系统可以很好地实现温湿度独立控制,供冷平均性能系数为4.58,与常规空调相比,节能率约为42.8%.     

Transonic flow of moist air around an NACA 0012 airfoil with non-equilibrium condensation

The classical condensation model of water vapor is coupled with the Euler equations to calculate transonic flows of moist air with non-equilibrium condensation. By means of this model, numerical computations are implemented to investigate the aerodynamic characteristics of an NACA 0012 airfoil in transonic flows of moist air at various angles of attack and relative humidities, and the results are compared with those in dry air flows. For different angles of attack considered at 50% relative humidity, the lift decreases 30%?40%. The pressure drag increases when the angle of attack is smaller than 1.4° and decreases when higher than 1.4°. At zero angle of attack, with the relative humidity rising from zero to 90%, the pressure drag increases exponentially. At 90% relative humidity, the pressure drag increases 160%, and self-oscillation takes place periodically and alternately over the upper and lower surfaces of the airfoil. The oscillation is caused by the interactions of local supersonic flow and heat release in the condensation process.     

太阳能平板降膜再生过程的数值模拟

针对太阳能平板集热型再生器中辐射传热和对流传热边界条件,建立了传热传质过程的数学模型,对采用氯化钙溶液的再生过程进行了数值模拟分析,对影响再生过程的各种主要因素做了较详尽的分析.模拟结果表明,较低的溶液入口质量分数和空气入口含湿量以及较高的溶液入口温度能够增大溶液表面和空气间的水蒸气压力差;而增大空气流动Re数和空气/溶液质量流量比可以提高空气、溶液间水分传质系数.采用这些措施都能够得到更好的再生效果.     

小型燃气轮机湿空气透平循环变工况性能

基于一小型分轴燃气轮机试验系统上的湿空气透平(HAT)循环试验,研究了在低参数下HAT循环对燃气轮机性能的改善情况及其变工况性能表现. 试验在等燃油量和等涡轮进口燃气温度2种控制工况下进行.结果表明：等燃油量控制下,湿空气的含湿量增大,可增加循环输出功率,降低燃气初温,同时减少NOx排放;等燃气初温控制下,增大含湿量可以大幅增加循环输出功率.在燃气轮机部件特性的基础上,对HAT循环变工况性能进行了仿真.计算结果表明：随着空气含湿量的增加,HAT循环中的比功和效率较简单循环都有较大改善;在相同的进气流量、燃气初温和输出功率下,增大空气含湿量能增加压气机的喘振裕度,提高运行安全性.     

Numerical Method for Heat and Mass Transfer in Air Washer——1.Mathematical Solution for a Droplet Evaporating in Finite Surrounding Airstream

The main objective of this paper is to develop a simpleand efficient numerical model for estimation of heat and mass transfer between water spray drops and airstreamin horizontal parallel flow which enable us to accurateprediction of evaporative cooling performance.Thephysical process of a droplet evaporating in finite airflowhas been studied.Four basic differential equations havebeen developed with their numerical solutions providedby figures.     

复叠式空气源热泵相变蓄能除霜低温适应性实验研究

复叠式空气源热泵的几种常规除霜方式都存在一定的弊端,为此提出了复叠式空气源热泵相变蓄能除霜方法。为研究复叠式空气源热泵相变蓄能除霜的低温适应性,通过改变室外侧环境温度、相对湿度和结霜时间,设计了6种不同室外工况。并通过实验研究6种工况下,系统开启除霜模式时的运行特性。实验结果表明:6种工况下,除霜时间都在520～770 s范围内,且每个工况下机组运行正常,系统除霜性能稳定,同时室内侧平均供热量也达到正常供热的57.4%以上,说明本系统具有良好的低温适应性。