近间距隧道爆破地震效应的试验研究

为了解决层状岩体中采用钻爆法修建近距离双线隧道的爆破影响问题,基于现场试验,总结了爆破衰减规律.试验结果表明,新建隧道爆破时,振动速度随着与爆源距离的增大成非线性减小;振动速度具有很强的方向效应,迎爆面径向振动速度均大于切向振动,径向振动速度对既有隧道和新建隧道围岩的损伤起主导作用;采用上下台阶开挖时,上台阶爆破冲击波对既有隧道的影响比下台阶显著.根据萨道夫斯基回归公式给出了距爆源不同距离的单段最大装药量.将爆破对新建隧道本身围岩的损伤破坏和对相邻隧道的影响结合起来综合考虑,对层状岩体中隧道爆破参数进行了优化.     

减震孔在小间距隧道爆破开挖中的降振效应

为降低小间距隧道爆破开挖中爆破振动对既有隧道产生的影响,确保其正常运营,设置减震孔是一种有效的控爆措施。利用ANSYS/LS DYNA软件对减震孔在不同布置位置和形式的掏槽爆破进行数值模拟计算,发现:在传播方向上,随着减震孔与爆源距离L的增大,质点水平方向峰值振动速度和质点峰值振动速度先减小后增大,而质点垂直方向峰值振动速度相反。当距离L为1 m时,布置双排梅花形减震孔效果最好,减振效率为10%～20%,其中垂直方向减振效率最高达到45%,并将小间距既有隧道中墙体迎爆侧破坏作为安全评价基准。通过理论计算得出减震孔在隧道爆破中的衰减规律,为爆破振动强度的预测提供依据。     

城市暗挖隧道爆破地震波传播规律研究

城市暗挖隧道爆破施工引起的地表振动效应是影响地表建(构)筑物安全的重要因素之一。基于数值模拟、实测数据验证和量纲分析方法对不同埋深隧道爆破地震波在邻近地表一定范围内的反射叠加规律和地表振动速度衰减规律进行研究。研究结果表明:城市暗挖隧道爆破产生的地震波在邻近地表一定范围内会出现反射叠加现象,其影响范围随隧道埋深的增加而增大,反射叠加强度随隧道埋深的增加而减弱;论文提出考虑埋深影响的地表振动速度衰减计算公式能更好地反映地表振动速度的衰减规律。研究结果可为地震效应研究和工程施工提供参考。     

隧道爆破振动对古建筑影响的试验研究

结合南京地铁四号线鼓楼站区间隧道爆破开挖工程,通过现场试验的方法,得到了适用于现场地质条件下的三个方向上的萨道夫斯基预测公式,为爆破开挖设计提供参考。结果表明:地表质点垂直方向振动速度峰值距离爆源近时,比两个水平方向振动速度峰值大,远处时则最小;且在30 m内迅速衰减。鼓楼城阙垂直方向的振动速度峰值最大,碑楼水平方向的振动速度峰值最大,振动速度峰值随着药量增加总体上呈现增加,采取微差爆破可有效减小振动速度峰值。     

层状岩体中近邻双线隧道爆破的振动响应研究

近邻双线隧道爆破开挖时，为了避免新建隧道爆破施工产生的地震波危夏既有隧道的安全和稳定。基于数值模拟和现场试验，分析了层状岩体中采用钻爆法修建近距离双绒隧道的爆破振动响应．结果分析表明，对于既有隧道，迎爆面侧墙处的振动速度和反射拉应力最大，而且振动速度具有很强的方向效应，隧道径向振动速度大于切向振动速度，其规律与现场爆破试验结果有较好的一致性．将爆破对新建隧道本身围岩的振动损伤度和对相邻隧道的振动影响结合起来综合考虑，提出了层状岩体隧道爆破施工中减轻振动的几种措施。并对隧道爆破参数进行了优化．图7，表4，参8．     

隐伏岩溶区小净距隧道爆破振动规律

为研究隐伏岩溶区小净距隧道开挖及爆破振动对施工安全的影响规律,以贵州省里平II号隧道工程为依托,以隐伏岩溶区小净距隧道为研究对象,通过LS-DYNA对不同工况进行数值模拟及分析,得到了爆破振动效应下围岩的应力分布和位移变化情况,总结了隧道爆破地震波沿隧道轴向及衬砌环向的速度衰减规律,分析了振动速度峰值随溶洞直径大小及溶洞隧道距离大小的变化规律。研究结果表明：当溶洞直径一定时,围岩竖向位移、隧道拱顶监测点振动速度峰值随着溶洞与隧道之间距离的增大而减小;当溶洞与隧道之间的距离一定时,围岩竖向位移、隧道拱顶监测点振动速度峰值随溶洞直径的增大而减小;里平II号隧道中溶洞直径为2m且溶洞与隧道之间的距离为3m时,先行洞初衬最大主应力超出了混凝土抗拉强度,故爆破开挖前应对该位置进行加固处理,确保施工安全。可见,其分析结果可为指导隐伏岩溶区小净距隧道爆破施工提供可靠依据。     

地基加固对隧道下穿铁路路基车致动力响应的影响

通过现场测试及数值模拟，研究了地表铁路行车作用下地铁隧道下穿铁路路基系统的动力响应规律，分析了下穿节点地基加固体弹性模量、深度等参数对地表振动及地铁隧道结构的影响。研究结果表明：车致地表振动频率由列车轮对分布、轨枕间距及行车速度共同决定；地基加固增加了下穿系统的车致振动响应，降低了高频振动的衰减速度；提升加固体模量，会增大地表振动加速度；加固深度提升至隧道底部可有效降低隧道的附加动应力。     

地铁下穿既有铁路桥的爆破动力响应分析

以大连地铁2号线208标马湾区间浅埋暗挖隧道下穿魏台桥特殊地段为研究对象,通过三维有限元程序仿真模拟以及工程现场动态监测对比,研究爆破振动对既有构筑物的动力响应问题。研究结果表明:爆破地震波振动速度峰值在距爆源较近区域的衰减速度远大于爆源远区,同时沿深度方向的衰减速度大于水平方向;爆破地震波在构筑物中会出现两次或多次峰值振速,说明爆破冲击波具有强烈的多次反射性,对结构的破坏性也较大;不同深度处的监测点其振速达到峰值的时间和峰值大小均不同,越靠近爆源,受扰动的峰值越大,时间越短;近距离爆破会对既有隧道衬砌安全性产生很大影响,在既有隧道衬砌迎爆侧拱腰部位为薄弱区。     

轻轨隧道循环掘进爆破地震效应研究

以重庆轨道交通环线冉家坝浅埋轻轨隧道工程为背景,进行循环掘进的地表爆破震动效应试验.通过测量隧道地表不同位置处引起的振动速度波形,研究地表震动特性及爆破地震波的传播和衰减规律.试验研究分析发现,掌子面前后的地表振动速度存在显著地差异,已开挖成形隧道改变了岩体的整体结构,爆破振速存在放大效应,且放大后的爆破振速随距离的增大而减小,用常规的萨道夫公式预测成形隧道地表的振动速度误差较大,而通过编写matlab函数进行数据统计、多元线性回归分析求出广义的爆破震动速度计算公式,预测成形隧道地表振动速度误差较小.所以广义的爆破震动速度公式预测成形隧道地表振动速度值得推广.     

城市浅埋小净距隧道爆破振动响应及现场监测分析

以福州轨道交通2号线洋里站南端区间隧道为工程背景,当右线隧道开挖至50m,左线隧道开挖至25m时,通过有限元分析软件Ls-dyna建立三维隧道计算模型,分析左线隧道爆破开挖对右线隧道的影响,并结合现场监测数据进行验证。结果表明:当最大齐发药量为2kg,左线隧道爆破开挖对右线隧道产生的最大拉应力为1.28MPa,最大压应力为2.73MPa,最大压应力滞后于最大拉应力产生;右线迎爆侧拱腰部位处的最大振速值为33.0cm/s,对右线隧道造成的影响较大;现场爆破振动监测结果与模拟结果比较接近,距离爆源最近的振动监测点各方向振速最大,监测点振速随掌子面距离逐渐减小。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

<正>~~     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

英文诗歌中的喻类修辞

为了有助于提高英文爱好者的个人情操、文化素养和学习兴趣,以及专业人员对英语学习和研究进行多途径的探索,本文通过一些精选诗歌的引证和分析,着重论述了喻类修辞法在英文诗歌中的运用其及效果。     

Man Is Unable to Change the Miserable Life——Analysis of the Arrangement of Four Characters in The Glass Menagerie

Tennessee Williams is considered as one of the most important American playwrights since World War II.The Glass Menagerie is his first successful drama,which describes a tragic situation of family and means to say that Man is unable to change the miserable life,no matter whatever means he try,This essay focuses on the analysis of the arrangement of the four main characters:Laura.Amanda,Jim and Tom to reveal the theme.Laura is fragile.Amanda is brave.Jim is vital.Tom is sensible.And all of them develop and try the different means to struggle against life,but fail tragically.With the evidence,the paper comes to conclusion naturally that Man is unable to change the miserable life,and he dooms to fail.     

Characterization of root-nodulating bacteria on Retama raetam in arid Tunisian soils

The aim of this study is to investigate the diversity of Retama raetam root-nodule bacteria isolated from arid regions of Tunisia. Twelve isolates, chosen as representative for different 16S rRNA gene patterns, were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phenotypic analysis. Isolates were assigned to Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium and Agrobacterium. Symbiotic properties of Sinorhizobium and Rhizobium isolates showed a large diversity in their capacity to infect their host plant and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Strain RK 22 identified as Rhizobium was the most effective isolate.     

An Affordable Accurate Evaluation of the Binding Conformations Predicted by Molecular Docking Studies in Bio-System

正Recently,docking has been widely used to predict the binding-modes of protein-inhibitors,when the crystal complexes structure was absent.Most docking algorithms are able to generate a large number of probable conformations,it,however,is difficult to effectively evaluate these docking poses and identify the most reasonable bindingmode.In the present study,on the basis of the crystallographic data of human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme     

WIMAX与WI-FI技术分析及联合组网

介绍了WiMAX与Wi-Fi两种无线宽带接入技术,并对两者之间的关系及相互之间的影响做了对比及分析,并对WiMAX的关键技术进行了详细说明,最后对两者的联合组网方式做了简单的探讨。