正负离子表面活性剂混合水溶液的表面吸附及胶团形成——十二烷基三羟乙基氯化铵、十二烷基硫酸钠体系和十二烷基三羟乙基氯化铵、八烷基硫酸钠体系

本工作研究了十二烷基三羟乙基氯化铵(C_(12)NE)和十二烷基硫酸钠(C_(12)SNa),十二烷基三羟乙基氯化铵(C_(12)NE)和八烷基硫酸钠(C_8SNa)两体系的正、负离子表面活性剂混合溶液的表面吸附和胶团形成。用液体积法测定了一系列不同比例C_(12)NE～C_(12)SNa、C_(12)NE～C_8SNa混合水溶液在25℃、总离子强度为0.1000m时的表面张力,用Gibbs公式计算了总吸附量和分吸附量。另外,初步探索了混合溶液的某些胶团性质。结果表明: 1.正、负离子表面活性剂混合物具有较高的表面活性。等摩尔C_(12)NE～C_(12)SNa混合溶液的cmc为4.0×10~(-5)m,分别为单个C_(12)SNa、C_(12)NEcmc的1/208和1/240。等摩尔C_(12)NE～C_8SNa混合溶液的cmc为7.4×10~(-4)m,分别为单个C_(12)NE、C_8SNa cmc的1/13和1/189。 2.对于碳原子数相同(如C_(12)NE～C_(12)SNa)的正、负离子表面活性剂的混合溶液,不论其混合比例如何,在饱和吸附时,总吸附量接近6.7×10~(-10)mol/cm~2,吸附层中也是近于等摩尔吸附,每个分子所占面积约为25A~2,这是由于正、负表面活性剂离子之间相互强烈作用导致表面层中成紧密排列结构。 碳原子数不同的正、负离子表面活性剂(如C_(12)NE～C_8SNa)的混合溶液,不论其比例如何,其饱和吸附时总吸附量接近5.4×10~(-10)mol/cm     

羧酸盐型Gemini表面活性剂的表面性能研究

采用铂金板法测定羧酸盐型Gemini表面活性剂(CGS-12)的表面张力曲线,考察了溶液pH、无机盐以及醇的加入对CGS-12表面性能的影响规律,采用滴体积法测定CGS-12的动态表面张力曲线,并探讨其动态吸附机理。结果表明,CGS-12的临界胶束浓度(cmc)和临界表面张力(γcmc)分别为80μmol/L和26.37mN/m;当溶液pH值为6时,CGS-12的表面张力值最低,且其表面张力随溶液pH的变化具有可逆性;CGS-12的表面张力随NaCl浓度的增大先减小后增大,CGS-12的表面张力随着CaCl2浓度的增大先增大后基本不变;CGS-12的表面活性随着正丁醇浓度的增大而增加,随着醇碳链长度的增加,cmc的变化并不明显,但γcmc却明显降低;动态表面张力结果表明,CGS-12浓度较低时,吸附初期为扩散控制,吸附后期为混合动力学控制,浓度较高时,吸附初期曲线难以模拟,吸附后期为混合动力学控制。     

C12TAB和C12E7混合水溶液中胶团生成和表面层吸附

C12TAB/C12E7 混合体系的胶团化和表面层吸附行为表明, 在C12TAB水溶液中添加C12E7 使混合体系临界胶团浓度Ccmc 急剧下降, 表面张力降低效率明显提高, 而表面张力降低能力还出现大范围浓度内的增效. 和阴离子/ 非离子表面活性剂混合体系相比较, 阳离子/ 非离子表面活性剂容易形成混合胶团, 但界面吸附倾向相对不如前者强     

C12TAB和C12E7混合水溶液中胶团生成和表面层吸附

C12TAB/C12E7 混合体系的胶团化和表面层吸附行为表明, 在C12TAB水溶液中添加C12E7 使混合体系临界胶团浓度Ccmc 急剧下降, 表面张力降低效率明显提高, 而表面张力降低能力还出现大范围浓度内的增效. 和阴离子/ 非离子表面活性剂混合体系相比较, 阳离子/ 非离子表面活性剂容易形成混合胶团, 但界面吸附倾向相对不如前者强     

七元瓜环与双子型表面活性剂相互作用的研究

本文研究了七元瓜环Q[7]与双子型表面活性剂12-2-12在水溶液中发生的相互作用,探讨了瓜环对表面活性剂性能的影响。结果表明:Q[7]和12-2-12可以形成2∶1的配合物;当存在Q[7]时,表面活性剂的临界胶团浓度(cmc)和最低表面张力(γ_(cmc))增大,降低表面张力的效率(pC_(20))和表面压(Π_(cmc))下降,表面活性和发泡能力降低;同时,表面活性剂的饱和吸附量(Г_(max))降低,最小分子横截面积(A_(min))增大,表面活性剂在溶液表面排列更疏松。瓜环对表面活性剂的性能具有重要影响。     

大豆甙元二磺酸钠在玻碳电极上的电氧化反应特性及其应用

研究了改性药物3,′5′-大豆甙元二磺酸钠(DDSS)在玻碳电极上的电氧化反应特性并将其用于合成样中DDSS的线性扫描伏安法测定.在0.2 m o l/L H2SO4介质中,DDSS于 0.94 V(vs.SCE)产生一灵敏、有吸附性质的氧化峰,峰高与浓度在2.8×10-7~5.6×1-0 6m o l/L范围内呈线性关系,检出限为1.2×10-7m o l/L.对合成样中DDSS进行5次测定,平均RSD为3.4%,回收率为93.8%~105.0%.该法避免了汞污染,具有无需除氧、操作简便的特点.     

2种阴离子捕收剂在石英表面的吸附机理

用石英晶体微天平(QCM-D)实时原位测定油酸钠和混合脂肪酸(KS-I)在经Ca~(2+)活化的SiO_2表面的吸附量,并结合单矿物浮选、原子力显微镜(AFM)和Zeta电位,研究捕收剂的吸附机理。研究结果表明:当矿浆p H为12.0时,油酸钠的浮选效果比KS-I的好,且活化剂和捕收剂用量都比KS-I的小。矿浆中Ca(OH)_2浓度为6.48×10~(-5)mol/L且油酸钠用量为30 mol/L时,石英的回收率可达到97.9%;而KS-I在Ca(OH)_2浓度为2.16×10~(-4)mol/L且捕收剂用量为90 mol/L的条件下得到最佳的回收率仅为78.6%。Ca~(2+)在SiO_2表面的吸附分为2个阶段,油酸钠在活化后的SiO_2表面形成吸附量为5.4×10~(-6)g/cm2的黏弹性吸附层,且只有1个吸附阶段。而KS-I在SiO_2表面的吸附量只有2.5×10-8 g/cm~2。油酸钠在SiO_2表面形成15.2~97.3 nm的吸附层,而KS-I在SiO_2表面的吸附层最厚仅为10 nm,且2种药剂在整个表面的吸附并不均匀。油酸钠与KS-I在活化的石英表面均发生静电吸附作用,但油酸钠的吸附量比KS-I的吸附量大。     

双季铵盐表面活性剂的合成及表面活性研究

用脂肪酸制备了乙撑双(二甲基)季铵盐基双脂肪酸甲酯(B)及乙撑双(二甲基)季铵盐基双脂肪酸钠盐(C),用红外光谱对其结构进行了表征.经测定,分别用十二酸和十四酸制备的B1和B2其临界胶束浓度(cmc)分别为1.4×10-4和2.2×10-4 mol/L,其表面张力(γcmc)分别为30.5和37.8 mN/m;C1和C2的cmc分别为7.8×10-5和3.0×10-4 mol/L,γcmc分别为28.9和36.9 mN/m.结果表明,与普通表面活性剂相比,双子表面活性剂B1和B2的cmc要低1～2个数量级,γcmc也低了2～9个mN/m;C1、C2的cmc仅为普通表面活性剂的1/60～1/230,而γcmc相差不大.     

兔子和小鼠不同组织苹果酸脱氢酶活性的研究

本文采用苹果酸脱氢酶(M DH)催化过程中辅酶Ⅰ氧化还原型转化的特征,测定了兔子和小鼠不同组织M DH的比活力和米氏常数(km),比活力在370~1 055单位/m g蛋白之间,km范围为3.57~6.49×1-0 5m o l/L.快速老化小鼠病理模型的km增大10倍,为1.49~5.64×10-4m o l/L.     

溴甲酚绿光度法测定水样中的阳离子表面活性剂

在pH值为6.17左右的NaH2PO4-Na2HPO4溶液中,溴甲酚绿与阳离子表面活性剂:十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)、溴化十六烷基吡啶(CPB)形成离子缔合物,溶液蓝色减褪。可用于测定水体中的阳离子表面活性剂,最大褪色波长为614 nm。表面活性剂浓度在0~2.4×10-5mol/L(CTMAB)、0~2.1×10-5mol/L(CPB)范围内符合比耳定律;摩尔吸光系数分别为9.65×103L.mol-1.cm-1(CTMAB)、7.81×103L.mol-1.cm-1(CPB);检测限为:6.12×10-7mol/L(CTMAB)、4.59×10-7mol/L(CPB)。方法能用于生活用水、污水处理厂进出口水中阳离子表面活性剂的测定。实验获得了满意的结果。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.