锂离子电池能源材料研究进展

能源材料是指能源的开发、运输、转换、储存和利用过程中的材料,其中锂离子电池材料是应用和开发前景最好的一种能源材料.改善和提高锂离子电池电化学性能的关键是选取充放电性能良好的电极材料.总结上海大学环境与化学工程学院在新型电极材料领域的研究进展,其中包括锡基纳米粒子、锡基/碳复合纳米材料、碳纳米材料、碳包裹磷酸铁锂复合纳米材料、氧化钴/碳复合纳米材料、氧化镍/石墨烯复合纳米材料,并对该类材料的发展趋势进行展望.     

混合型电容器研究进展

混合型电容器是一种介于超级电容器和二次电池之间的新型储能装置,是现代电子、交通等行业理想的动力电源.根据电极组合的不同,将混合型电容器分为以下三种类型,它们分别是双电层电容器电极与法拉第电容器电极的组合、传统二次电池电极与双电层电容器电极的组合以及电解电容器的阴极与超级电容器电极的组合.混合型电容器与传统超级电容器相比,在能量密度和工作电压上均得到了较大的提高.着重介绍几种性能优异的混合型电容器及其未来的发展趋势.     

钛基材料用于锂硫电池正极改性研究进展

锂硫电池因其高比容量、高能量密度和低成本等特点已被视为超越锂离子电池的下一代可充电电池。由于反应产物可溶性多硫化物的穿梭效应和循环中硫电极的体积膨胀导致电池的循环寿命较差。为了解决锂硫电池中存在的问题,研究人员开发了多种纳米结构的金属材料。总结了利用钛元素和钛基化合物（包括钛基氧化物、钛基硫化物和钛基氮化物）与硫的反应形成牢固化学键,通过金属基复合材料的结构设计来提升锂硫电池的综合性能。     

新型高能化学电源电极过程及其研究方法的进展

简要介绍国际上新型高能化学电源的一些研究现状,并主要结合课题组的研究工作,就锂离子电池纳米相电极材料,金属氢化物电极表面电化学性能及其相关电极过程和化学电源研究中谱学电化学方法的应用等进行了总结和回顾。     

先进能源储存和转换材料专刊社论

The ever-increasing environmental problems and energy challenges have called urgent demand for utilizing green, ef-ficient, and sustainable energy, thus promoting the develop-ment of new technologies associated with energy storage and conversion systems. Amongst a wealth of energy storage devices, Li/Na/K/Zn/Mg ion batteries, metal-air batteries, and lithium–sulfur/all-solid-state batteries together with su-percapacitors as advanced power sources have attracted con-siderable interest due to their conspicuous merits of high en-ergy density, long cycle life, and good rate capability. In the energy conversion systems, solar cells and fuel cells can be considered as mainstream renewable energy resources once their manufacturing cost has decreased to an affordable level. However, the developments of advanced power sources de-pend critically on advances in materials innovation. There-fore, to promote the practical applications of these promising systems, developing high-performance electrode materials has been taken into the center stage in current research areas from chemistry, physics, and materials science fields.     

Progress in electrode materials for the industrialization of sodium-ion batteries

In recent years, sodium-ion batteries(SIBs) have received renewed attention due to the continued rise in lithium prices. SIBs are promising to replace lithium-ion batteries under various application scenarios, such as large-scale energy storage systems and low-speed electric vehicles. As the core of SIBs, electrode materials are the key factor demining the electrochemical performance. Key drawback, including cycle stability, air stability and energy density, are refraining the development of SIB...     

Facile synthesis of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles anchored on graphene sheets for enhanced performance of lithium ion battery

Recently, metal oxides as high capacity anode materials had been investigated for lithium ion batteries.However, the fast capacity fading upon cycling leaded poor durability, which hindered their application as higher energy density of lithium ion battery. In this paper, a nanostructured nanocomposite with graphene supported CoFe_2O_4 nanoparticles(NPs) was prepared via simple hydrothermal reaction. The uniform CoFe_2O_4 NPs were anchored on graphene sheets, which brought a good performance on cyclability. Combined with the optimization of graphene content, the anode delivered a better capacity retention of 944 m A h g~(-1)over 50 cycles at current density of 100 m A g~(-1)and the good reversible capacity as 990 m A h g~(-1)when the rate returned from 5 A g~(-1)to 0.1 A g~(-1)after 60 cycles. The present work provided a desired structure for conversion anode materials or other electrode materials of large volume change.     

水系锌-石墨电池的研究新进展

水系锌-石墨电池是一种新型的二次电池,基于水系电解液中的阴、阳离子同时参与电化学反应实现储能,因其具有高能量密度、高功率密度和安全廉价等诸多优势,有望成为替代锂离子电池的下一代储能产品。本文综述了近年来水系锌-石墨电池的发展现状,总结了锌负极、石墨正极存在的问题及现有的解决方案,对水系锌-石墨电池的下一步发展进行了预测。     

Metal–air batteries: A review on current status and future applications

Metal–air batteries(MABs) have been paid much more attention owing to their greater energy density than the most advanced lithium-ion batteries(LIBs). Rechargeable MABs are considered as promising candidates for the next-generation of energy storage techniques for applications ranging from large-scale energy storage systems to electric vehicles and portable devices. However, there are still numerous scientific problems that must be overcome before their commercial application. With the aim of pr...     

Progress in research on the performance and service life of batteries membrane of new energy automotive

Batteries membrane materials are widely used in new energy automotives such as hybrid vehicles,fuel cell vehicles,and pure electric vehicles.Membrane consists of two categories:fuel cell membrane(power unit) and power battery membrane(charge and discharge device).With rapid development of the processes and technology of cell membrane materials,there is urgent need to study their properties and service life.The article summarizes the recent research progress in proton exchange membrane materials,lithium battery separator materials,and nickel-hydrogen battery separator materials.Based on our laboratory research,the paper features the affecting factors and mitigation strategy of performance and service life for automotive battery membrane materials.Future direction for the batteries membrane material of new energy automotive is discussed.     

Understanding electrode materials of rechargeable lithium batteries via DFT calculations

Rechargeable lithium batteries have achieved a rapid advancement and commercialization in the past decade owing to their high capacity and high power density.Different functional materials have been put forward progressively,and each possesses distinguishing structural features and electrochemical properties.In virtue of density functional theory(DFT) calculations,we can start from a specific structure to get a deep comprehension and accurate prediction of material properties and reaction mechanisms.In this paper,we review the main progresses obtained by DFT calculations in the electrode materials of rechargeable lithium batteries,aiming at a better understanding of the common electrode materials and gaining insights into the battery performance.The applications of DFT calculations involve in the following points of crystal structure modeling and stability investigations of delithiated and lithiated phases,average lithium intercalation voltage,prediction of charge distributions and band structures,and kinetic studies of lithium ion diffusion processes,which can provide atomic understanding of the capacity,reaction mechanism,rate capacity,and cycling ability.The results obtained from DFT are valuable to reveal the relationship between the structure and the properties,promoting the design of new electrode materials.     

钴基氧还原电催化材料研究进展

氧还原反应(oxygen reduction reaction,ORR)是能量转换和储存系统的关键电极反应。目前,贵金属基材料,如铂和钯,是ORR最有效的催化剂,但其地球储量稀少、价格昂贵,且抗甲醇和CO性能差。因此,开发新型、低成本、高性能的氧还原电催化剂对能源转化和储存具有重要意义。综述了近年来非贵金属钴(Co)基氧还原电催化材料的研究进展及其性能调控策略,分为Co合金、Co-N-C、Co纳米粒子、Co基氧化物、Co基磷化物和Co基硫化物等多种形式,并对未来开发低成本、高性能的氧还原催化剂进行了展望。     

全固态锂电池研究进展

 电动汽车、大规模储能和微型器件等领域的发展要求不断提高现有二次电池的能量密度、功率密度、工作温度范围和安全性。全固态锂电池作为最具潜力的电化学储能装置,近年来受到广泛关注。本文阐述了全固态锂电池的优点,即固态电解质的使用有助于提高锂电池安全性、能量密度和功率密度,拓宽电池工作温度范围和应用领域;指出了作为全固态电池关键材料的固态电解质应满足的要求,并在此基础上分别讨论了聚合物电解质和无机固态电解质（特别是硫化物和氧化物）的优缺点;介绍了固态锂电池的3 种结构类型,即薄膜型、3D 薄膜型和体型,综述了全固态锂电池从薄膜型向体型发展的历史进程及现状,并在此基础上讨论了全固态电池最终实现安全性、高能量密度和功率密度仍需解决的固态电解质材料方面问题。     

锂离子电池正极材料—锂锰氧化物

锂离子电池是90年代发展起来的新型二次电池,本文介绍了做为锂离子电池正极材料的锂锰氧化物的化学组成、结构和性能。     

In Situ XRD and XAS Investigation of Cathode Materials in Li-ion Battery

1 Results Lithium ion batteries have been widely used in modern portable electronics,such as cellular phones and notebook computers,because of their low cost,long life,and high energy density.In the lithium ion batteries,the cathode provides lithium ion source and plays a critical role to determinate the performance of battery.Lithium transition metal oxides have been investigated as active cathode materials due to their high potential versus Li/Li and large proportion of the lithium ions can be insert...     

Prototype systems for rechargeable magnesium batteries

The thermodynamic properties of magnesium make it a natural choice for use as an anode material in rechargeable batteries, because it may provide a considerably higher energy density than the commonly used lead-acid and nickel-cadmium systems. Moreover, in contrast to lead and cadmium, magnesium is inexpensive, environmentally friendly and safe to handle. But the development of Mg batteries has been hindered by two problems. First, owing to the chemical activity of Mg, only solutions that neither donate nor accept protons are suitable as electrolytes; but most of these solutions allow the growth of passivating surface films, which inhibit any electrochemical reaction. Second, the choice of cathode materials has been limited by the difficulty of intercalating Mg ions in many hosts. Following previous studies of the electrochemistry of Mg electrodes in various non-aqueous solutions, and of a variety of intercalation electrodes, we have now developed rechargeable Mg battery systems that show promise for applications. The systems comprise electrolyte solutions based on Mg organohaloaluminate salts, and Mg(x)Mo3S4 cathodes, into which Mg ions can be intercalated reversibly, and with relatively fast kinetics. We expect that further improvements in the energy density will make these batteries a viable alternative to existing systems.     

The Impact of Nanocomposite Materials on Lithium Ion Batteries

1 Results Lithiumion batteries have become the power source of choice for consumer electronic devices such as cell phones and laptop computers due to their high energy density and long cycle life. In addition,lithium-ion batteries are expected to be a major breakthrough in the hybrid vehicle field.Despite their successful commercial application,further performance improvement of the lithium ion battery is still required.Nanomaterials and nanotechnologies can lead to a new generation of lithium secondary...     

MH/Ni电池正负极材料研究进展(I)--正极材料

MH/Ni电池是一种正在发展中的新型高容量绿色二次电池 .电池采用正极限容设计 ,负极过量 ,因此电池的容量主要由正极来决定 .本文评述了目前 MH/Ni电池中所用镍电极材料的分类、晶体结构、制备方法以及国内外的研究现状 .     

锂离子动力电池传感器多故障诊断策略综述

锂离子电池作为新一代可充电电源，具有能量密度大、安全性能高等优点，显示出了广阔的市场前景。但锂离子电池在运行过程中会发生各种内、外部故障，所以锂离子电池安全问题一直备受关注。锂离子电池里的传感器正常运行是保证对电池系统实时监测的关键，但是传感器故障微小且不易察觉，并且故障具有关联性、并发性的特征，可能引起多故障的发生，进而触发热失控的风险。所以如何保证传感器精确、快速的进行锂离子电池故障检测与诊断是确保安全稳定运行的关键。本文首先从锂离子电池结构出发总结了锂离子故障的类型及成因，并详细分析了传感器故障和多故障产生的机理。然后，对锂离子电池从单体电池到电池包所涉及的传感器故障和多故障诊断策略进行全面的阐述，并且分析了可能成为未来发展趋势的传感器多故障协同诊断策略和电池新模式下的故障诊断方式（如气体检测等）。最后，以全文锂离子电池的传感器多故障研究的重难点，提出了传感器多故障诊断未来可能的研究方向。     

高功率型镍氢电池的循环性能

由于没有镉污染,对环境友好,用于高功率设备的镍氢电池的需求量增长很快,目前每年的需求量约为5亿只.但是镍氢电池的一些性能还不能完全满足电动工具的使用要求,突出表现在电池大电流充放循环寿命较差.因此,研制高性能的高倍率镍氢电池不仅具有重要的研究意义,也有很大的应用价值.本文研究影响SC型动力电池循环寿命衰减的主要因素,测量了在大电流循环过程中镍氢电池的内阻、温度及重量变化,并运用SEM、XRD对电池内阻升高的原因进行了分析.我们认为电池内阻升高是镍氢电池大电流循环寿命差的主要原因,分析发现在镍氢电池进行大电流充放电循环时,电池正极膨胀,负极微粉化,电池内部孔隙率增加,致使电解液干涸,电池内阻升高.通过增加负极容量,抑制正极膨胀,可以有效改进镍氢电池大电流充放时的循环性能.