氮化气氛对40Cr钢离子氮化层的影响

利用离子探针、X射线衍射谱、显微分析等手段,对40Cr钢在不同氮化氛下离子氮化后氮化层的组织及性能进行了研究.结果表明,在氨气加钛气氛下进行离子氮化,有利于γ′相的形成,氮化层硬度高,氮化层深,这是氮化气氛中活性钛作用的结果.     

氮化气氛对40Cr钢离子氮化层的影响

利用离子探针、X射线衍射谱、显微分析等手段,对40Ct钢在不同氮化氛下离子氮化后氮化层的组织及性能进行了研究．结果表明,在氨气加钛气氛下进行离子氮化．有利于γ’相的形成,氮化层硬度高,氮化层深,这是氮化气氛中活性钛作用的结果．     

钛对35CrMo钢离子氮化层的影响

利用在离子氮化炉阴极上挂海绵钛的方法研究了钛对离子氮化层时影响。结果表明：钛能提高氮化层硬度、增加氮化层深度，并对氮化层的相组成有影响。     

钛的离子氮化

本文阐述TA2纯钛TC4钛合金的离子氮化工艺,列出这两种钛材经离子氮化后的表面硬度、弯曲性能、耐蚀性能及渗层的组織桔构,提出在氮化过程中合理使用氢,既可避免氢脆,又可强化工艺过程。通过氮化气氛的选择,可有效地控制工件表面氮化物的成分和結构。渗层的韌性和表面氮化物的不同組成有密切关系,以ε相为主的渗层組織,比以δ相为主的渗层組織具有更好的韧性,通过改变气氛获得一定的相組成,可满足一定能性要求。     

GDL-1钢渗碳后液体软氮化工艺的初步探索

应用正交试验法研究了GDL-1钢经渗碳后的液体软氮化复合热处理工艺,分析氮化时间、氮化温度及CNO-浓度对GDL-1钢复合渗层的渗层硬度、渗层深度和白亮层的影响.结果表明:渗层表面硬度主要由盐浴CNO-浓度控制,并随CNO-浓度的升高呈现先升后降的趋势,盐浴CNO-浓度为18%左右时表面硬度达到最大值;渗层深度随氮化温度的升高和时间的延长而增加,但当温度超过560℃、处理时间超过2.5h之后,增加的趋势变缓;当温度超过560℃后,渗层白亮层增厚明显。试验得到最佳软氮化工艺参数:CNO-浓度18%,(560±10)℃×2.5 h.     

工业纯钛TA2的激光气体氮化

利用5 kW的CO2快速横流激光器对工业纯钛进行了激光气体氮化.采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射和显微硬度计对氮化试样进行了微观组织、相组成和显微硬度的分析与测试.研究结果表明:TA2经激光气体氮化后在其表面得到了厚度为100μm、宏观质量良好的氮化层,氮化层与基体之间完全冶金结合.试样表层结构由氮化层、热影响区和基体三部分组成,氮化层是富钛结构,由TiN枝晶和α-′Ti构成,热影响区组织以针状马氏体为主.显微硬度最高可达HV 500,而基体仅为HV 210.     

球铁曲轴稀土软氮化工艺的研究

笔者研究了稀土对球铁曲轴软氮化工艺及渗层硬度分布的影响.结果表明:加入稀土对球铁曲轴软氮化有明显的催渗作用,软氮化时间可缩短30%; 稀土催渗后,渗层硬度梯度趋向平缓.稀土催渗浮的球铁曲轴使用寿命提高10%.     

En40B钢加纯稀土镧、铈、钕离子氮化

将纯稀土金属块镧、铈、钕分别放入离子氮化炉中作为溅射源,对氮化钢En40B钢进行离子氮化,发现纯稀土元素影响了炉内的辉光放电特性。用相关仪器和设备对氮化表层的化学元素分布,组织形貌和显微硬度进行了观察和测定,结果表明：纯稀土元素直接影响氮的扩散,导致各元素沿氮化导分布、氮化层组织结构和硬度分布的变化,从而影响了氮化效果,不同稀土元素影响效果有所不同。     

氧氮化、软氮化、离子氮化的性能研究

本文从机理的角度讨论了三种氮化层的组织、成分与性能的关系。通过金相组织、显微硬度、x光衍射、扫描电镜、电子探针及磨损实验,说明氧氮化耐磨性最好,渗层最深且耐蚀性也最好;离子氮化韧性最好;三种氮化均无脆性相Fe_2N出现。试验结果说明与渗层深度、表面疏松状况及结构有密切的关系。     

W6Mo5Cr4V2高速钢软氮化渗层脆性改进的研究

通过观察和分析M2高速钢在软氮化处理后渗层的组织形貌和相结构,结果表明渗层组织中合金氮碳化合物以山脉状沿晶界析出分布是高速钢氮化产生脆性的重要原因,分析了该脉状组织的形成原因和脆化机理.通过适当改变软氮化工艺参数,控制其合金氮碳化物在渗层中呈弥散颗粒状分布,可大幅改善高速钢的氮化脆性,使渗层在渗层深度、显微硬度、渗层组织形态等方面均达到工艺要求,且具有良好的显微硬度分布梯度,在生产实际应用中获得良好的效果.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.