烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

痕量锰的催化光度法分析

本文根据在近中性溶液中 ,痕量锰 (Ⅱ )对高碘酸钾氧化氨基黑 10B褪色反应的催化作用建立了检出极限为 0 .0 2 μg/mL、线性范围为 0 .45～ 9.5 μg/mL的测定锰的新方法 ,适用于人发、人尿中痕量锰的测定。     

催化邻苯二酚紫褪色动力学光度法测定痕量钌

研究了HAc-NaAc缓冲介质中痕量钌（Ⅲ）催化高碘酸钾氧化邻苯二酚紫的褪色反应问题,确定了最佳反应条件,给出了动力学光度法测定痕量钌的新方法。方法的线性范围为0.05～0.625μg/25mL,检出限为7.8×10^-10g/mL。八次平行测定0.500μg/25mL钌（Ⅲ）的相对标准偏差为2.6%。试验了共存离子对催化反应的影响,发现常见的离子均不干扰测定。方法可用于矿区废水痕量钌（Ⅲ）的测定。     

催化动力学光度法测定痕量铜

在弱酸性介质中,痕量铜可强烈地催化过氧化氢氧化灿烂绿的褪色反应,从而建立了测定痕量铜的催化动力学光度分析新方法.在最佳实验条件下,本法的检出限为8.6×10-9g/mL,线性范围为(0.0-0.2) μg/mL, 用于实际水样中痕量铜的测定,结果令人满意.     

十二烷基硫酸钠增敏动力学光度法测定间苯二酚

在pH=11.39的NH3-NH4Cl缓冲溶液及90℃水浴加热12min的条件下,阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)存在时,间苯二酚对KIO4氧化间甲酚紫(m-CP)的褪色反应具有强烈的阻抑作用。据此建立了催化动力学光度法测定痕量间苯二酚的新方法。该方法线性范围为0.08～0.36μg/mL,检出限8.13×10-3μg/mL,可直接用于水样中痕量间苯二酚的测定,结果满意。     

食品中亚硝酸根的荧光动力学分析法

在酸性介质中,亚硝酸根能够催化类Fenton试剂氧化罗丹明B使其荧光猝灭,据此建立了催化动力学荧光法测定痕量亚硝酸根的新方法.系统研究了反应时间、温度、反应介质及各试剂的最佳用量以及共存物的干扰情况.在最佳条件下,该方法的线性范围为0.040～0.480μg/mL,检测限为0.033μg/mL,直接用于鱼干、肉制品等食品和环境水样中痕量亚硝酸根的测定,回收率94.3%～105.7%.     

分光光度法测定矿石中痕量铅

用双硫腙显色分光光度法测定铁矿石中痕量铅，该方法具有简单、快速、灵敏等特点，用以测定铁矿石中的痕量铅，获得了满意的结果．检出限为0．06μg／mL，线陛范围为0．01μg／mL～1．0μg／mLPb^2＋，相关系数为0．9996，回收率89％～99％．     

双波长双指示剂催化光度法测定中药材中的痕量铜

文章研究在硫酸介质中,利用铜催化过氧化氢氧化甲基橙和亮绿褪色的反应体系.探讨该褪色指示反应的最佳实验条件,在此基础上建立高灵敏度测定痕量铜的动力学分析新方法.通过对该反应催化体系和非催化体系吸光度的测定,确定该体系的最大吸收峰位于波长510 nm和640 nm处.工作曲线的线性范围:0.100~2.00μg/25mL.检出限:3.64×10-9g/mL,相对标准偏差:1.2%.本方法体系稳定,灵敏度高,选择性好,用于亳州道地药材中痕量铜的测定,结果较为满意.     

原生态金秋梨中微量元素锌的光谱测定

测定黔东南苗族侗族自治州原生态"苗疆"牌台江金秋梨中微量元素锌的含量。方法:用正交试验优化仪器最佳工作条件,微波消解样品,火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)测定微量元素锌。结果:"苗疆"牌金秋梨锌元素含量为3.1mg/Kg,方法的特征浓度为0.0057μg/mL,检出限为0.0079μg/mL,相对标准偏差为0.62%,加标回收率在98%~102.7%之间,适用于金秋梨中微量元素锌的测定。结论:"苗疆"牌金秋梨微量元素锌的含量较高,具有很高的食用价值和药用价值。     

人体尿液中阿昔洛韦和更昔洛韦的反相高效液相色谱法同时测定

研究简单的流动相甲醇-水体系,可同时对人体尿液中阿昔洛韦(ACV)和更昔洛韦(GCV)两种抗病毒药物的最优化分离,建立了通过UV检测药物的新方法。实验结果表明,流动相为甲醇-水(10/90,v/v),流速为0.5mL/min,柱温为室温,紫外检测波长254nm,使用Diamoncil C18柱对两种药物分离最好。两种药物的回收率在98.7%～101.4%之间,ACV和GCV的定量下限分别为0.08μg/mL和0.2μg/mL,信噪比为3时,最低检出限分别为0.02μg/mL和0.06μg/mL,日内、日间精密度(RSD)均小于4.8%,准确度(RE)在±5.6%之内。本方法可对样品进行灵敏、准确的定性及定量分析。     

催化动力学荧光法测定痕量铁新体系的研究

在pH=4.0的HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液介质中,对铁催化高碘酸钾氧化二氯荧光素的反应进行了研究,建立了一种荧光光度催化法测定痕量铁的新方法,并将其应用于测定蔬菜中铁含量．结果表明,在实验确定的最佳条件下,该方法的线性范围为0～64μg／L,检出限为4．949×10^6g／L,相对标准偏差为0．22％,回收率为95．6％～102．2％．该方法用于测定蔬菜中铁含量的结果令人满意．