Sr对AZ91镁合金时效行为的影响

采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和布氏硬度计等分析测试手段研究了Sr（锶）对AZ91合金时效行为的影响．结果表明：添加Sr会降低AZ91合金的析出动力,抑制AZ91合金时效过程中β相的非连续析出．并且,随Sr含量的增加,这种抑制效果会更加明显．加Sr后,合金时效峰值时间由基体合金的55h后推迟到90h或110h后．Sr在基体中固溶和AhSr高熔点相存在于晶界是B相非连续析出受到抑制的主要因素．时效峰值态时,Az91-0．2Sr合金的室、高温力学性能皆优于原AZ91合金．     

Mg-Sn合金化与固溶-时效行为的研究现状

作为具备良好发展前景的可时效强化镁合金，Mg-Sn合金通过Mg₂Sn相析出强化、固溶强化与细晶强化获得了优异的性能。与Mg-Zn、Mg-Al主要镁合金相比，Sn在Mg中的固溶度较好，析出强化效果优异；另外，Mg₂Sn相的熔点高达771.5 ℃，使Mg-Sn合金成为非稀土系列的低成本耐热镁合金。从合金化、固溶-时效处理工艺分析总结了可时效强化Mg-Sn合金的研究进展，分析Mg-Sn合金时效行为的重要参数及其影响因素，主要目的为细化Mg₂Sn析出相或增加Mg₂Sn析出相数量；同时，对添加到Mg-Sn合金中的合金元素的固溶效果、细晶效果与形成三元强化相效果进行系统总结与分析，为Mg-Sn合金成分的设计和性能改善提供重要参考。     

Mg-7Sn-Zn(Y)合金的显微组织、时效硬化行为及力学性能

研究了Zn和Y合金化对Mg-7Sn合金显微组织、时效硬化行为和力学性能的影响.铸态Mg-7Sn合金主要由α-Mg和共晶(α-Mg+Mg₂Sn)相组成.Zn添加细化了Mg₂Sn相的尺寸,促进了Mg₂Sn相大量、均匀的弥散分布,同时诱导了Mg₂Sn相的非基面析出,增强了合金时效硬化效果.合金时效峰值硬度从64.6 HV增大到69.7 HV,峰值时效时间从166 h缩小至142 h.Zn和Y元素共同添加形成了针状MgSnY相,有效缩短了合金的时效峰值时间(由166 h缩短至120 h),但合金的峰值硬度略有降低,Mg-7Sn-1Zn合金具有最佳的力学性能,其高力学性能主要归结为细小、高体积分数Mg₂Sn相的析出强化.     

形变时效组合工艺与Al-1.0Mg-0.5Si-0.8Cu合金腐蚀行为和微观结构的关系

采用硬度测试、晶间腐蚀实验、慢应变速率拉伸实验和TEM表征等手段,选取自然时效、欠人工时效和峰值人工时效3种预时效系统研究了预时效对形变时效组合工艺制备的Al-Mg-Si-Cu合金抗腐蚀性能和微观结构的影响.结果表明:预时效可以调控合金的硬度和抗腐蚀性能,3种预时效处理中峰值人工时效预处理使合金获得了硬度(159 HV)和抗腐蚀性能(最大晶间腐蚀深度为55μm,应力腐蚀敏感指数I_δ为8.3%)的最优结合. TEM结果显示,冷轧引入的高密度位错有效提高了合金的硬度;晶内析出大量纳米级富Cu的板条状Q"相或弯曲连续状析出相,消除了晶界析出相的形成,并大大降低了基体与PFZ之间的电位差,因此显著提高了合金的抗腐蚀性能.自然时效、欠人工时效和峰值人工时效预处理的合金晶内析出程度依次增大,基体与PFZ之间的电位差依次减小,合金的抗腐蚀性能依次升高.     

用SAXS研究1420合金时效-回归-再时效析出δ＇相

应用小角x射线散射（SAXS）技术研究1420合金时效-回归-再时效析出δ＇相的行为。结果表明,再时效处理5h后析出的δ＇相与基体问存在明显的过渡界面层,再时效48h后过渡界面层消失,时效80h和再时效80h析出δ＇相的回转半径分别为9.32nm和8.27nm。再时效过程中δ＇相粒子的长大速度比回归前慢,随着再时效时间的增加,粒子非均匀长大。     

Mg-6Gd-Y-0.6Zr的析出行为和力学性能

利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X线衍射、透射电镜等手段研究添加1％Y(质量分数,下同)对Mg-6Gd-0.6Zr 合金析出行为和力学性能的影响.研究结果表明:添加合金元素Y能大大促进Mg-6Gd合金的时效析出;具有高过饱和度的Mg-6Gd-Y-0.6Zr合金在200℃表现出显著的时效硬化现象;随着时效温度的升高,晶界周围析出相极度粗化并且β'相体积分数降低、分布不均;尤其在250℃峰时效的组织中观察到Mg-6Gd合金所不具备的β'相.200℃时效72 h后,合金获得优异的力学性能,其室温抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为354MPa,292MPa和9.5％,250℃时抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为307MPa,220MPa和13.6％.     

ZnAl27Cu2Mg0.01合金自然时效过程中η相的析出

本文利用X衍射仪和透射电子显微镜研究了ZnA127Cu2Mg0.01合金自然时效过程中η相的析出速度和析出方式。η相的析出主要依靠胞状析出,但在时效初期,η相也会连续析出。特别强调的是,某些晶内连续析出的η相也会作为核心使晶内胞状析出得以进行。本文还建立了η相的生长模型,定量的描述了η相的析出速度。     

用SAXS研究1420合金时效-回归-再时效析出δ′相

应用小角X射线散射(SAXS)技术研究1420合金时效-回归-再时效析出δ′相的行为. 结果表明, 再时效处理5 h后析出的δ′相与基体间存在明显的过渡界面层, 再时效48 h后过渡界面层消失, 时效80 h和再时效80 h析出δ′相的回转半径分别为9.32 nm 和8.27 nm. 再时效过程中δ′相粒子的长大速度比回归前慢, 随着再时效时间的增加, 粒子非均匀长大.      

快速凝固 Cu-Cr-Zr-Mg 合金的原位再结晶与不连续再结晶

对快速凝固Ｃｕ－０．６Ｃｒ－０．１５Ｚｒ－０．０５Ｍｇ合金伴随时效析出的再结晶过程进行了观察和研究。发现该合金在形变后的时效过程中,析出相非常细小、弥散,阻碍了再结晶的进行,出现了原位再结晶与不连续再结晶同时发生的现象。在再结晶的形核和长大过程中,析出相在晶界前沿快速粗化或重新溶解,并在再结晶区域中重新析出,导致更加弥散的析出相分布。     

高Cr高温合金中α-Cr相的析出方式

通过对高Cr高温合金INCONEL718和INCONEL625在长期时效过程中α-Cr相析出方式进行详细的微观组织分析.结果认为,随着时效时间的延长,INCONEL718合金中大部分α-Cr相随着相的析出长大依附于δ相的界面析出,而INCONEL625合金中α-Cr相则主要依附晶界M6C碳化物相界面析出,少部分依附于δ相析出,其原因可能与Cr在相δ和M6C碳化物中的溶解度随温度的下降而迅速下降有关.     

High temperature tensile properties,fracture behaviors and nanoscale precipitate variation of an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy

In order to assess Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys as potential high temperature structural materials,the hardness,tensile properties and fracture behaviors of 7085 Al alloy were investigated at various temperatures from room temperature to 175℃.High-resolution transmission electron microscopy was used to investigate the evolutions of precipitates at different temperatures,particularly on the relationship between microstructural evolution and tensile strength.The results reveal that both the microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy are quite sensitive to the environmental temperature.As the temperature increases,the hardness and strength decrease while the elongation and reduction of area increase.As tensile testing temperature rises,the strain hardening exponent(n) decreases due to the thermal softening effect.The fracture mode of the alloy transforms from mixture of intergranular and transgranular fracture to completely transgranular dimples when tensile testing temperature reaches 150℃.The precipitate sequence during high temperature tests is coincident with that of aging.With the increase of tensile testing temperature,the mean precipitate radius grows larger,and the distribution of grain boundary precipitates transforms from continuous to discontinuous.     

双级过时效工艺对7050铝合金力学性能的影响

双级过时效是优化工业化大尺寸7050铝合金锻件综合性能的有效手段。对7050铝合金锻件进行双级过时效处理,研究第二级时效时间对其组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着第二级时效时间的延长,晶界处析出相逐渐粗化,并由连续分布转变为断续分布,合金的硬度、屈服强度和抗拉强度随之降低,伸长率与断裂韧性逐渐升高,并且拉伸及断裂韧性测试样品的断裂模式从沿晶断裂向韧窝型断裂转变。当第二级时效时间延长至一定程度时,合金力学性能趋于平稳。为通过双级过时效工艺调控7050铝合金锻件的综合力学性能提供了研究基础和理论指导。     

时效温度对Al-Li-Cu-Mg-Zr合金时效行为的影响

本文通过时效硬化曲线测量、室温拉伸性能实验以及时效组织的电镜观察,研完了时效温度和时间对一种Al-Li-Cu-Mg-Zr合金时效行为知时效组织的影响。实验结果表明:时效温度越低,达到峰值时效状态的时间越长,同时,时效析出组织越细密,晶界无沉淀带越窄。此外,在不同温度时效到峰值状态时,较低温度时效的试样具有较高的强度和延伸率。     

基于厚向组织性能考量的7B50铝合金中厚板回归再时效热处理

为解决T6态高强铝合金强度高而耐蚀性难以满足使用需求,采用三级时效工艺来改善析出强化相特别是晶界析出相的形貌、尺寸、分布等,并通过研究不同回归处理制度对组织、性能的影响而获得适宜7B50铝合金中厚板的三级时效工艺.研究发现提高回归温度或延长回归时间均会使中厚板心部及表层组织的晶内和晶界析出相发生粗化并析出稳定η-MgZn2相,导致强度下降、电导率上升,其中回归温度对强度和电导率的影响显著.三级时效处理虽使晶内析出相尺寸有所增加,但却使T6态连续分布的晶界析出相呈断续分布,结合心部和表层强度及电导率测量结果认为合适的回归处理制度为165℃/6 h.然而,热轧引起中厚板表层较心部更为严重的变形使表层含有更多的亚晶或亚结构且其分布更均匀,从而使表层更快到达峰时效,进一步的回归再时效处理则使表层析出更多稳定η相,而η相的形成与晶内析出相的粗化长大是造成表层和心部强度差异的关键.虽然淬火/三级时效态表层和心部的晶粒结构存在差异,且局部出现亚晶合并长大,但其对强度的提升效果远低于表层析出稳定η相所引起的强度下降.可见,三级时效工艺并不能缓解7B50铝合金中厚板心部和表层的性能差异,但可使表层和心部的强度、电导率满足某实际工况要求.     

时效近等原子比钛镍形状记忆合金TEM分析

应用TEM分析技术对一种富Ni钛镍形状记忆合金时效后的组织进行了研究 ,结果表明 ,在不同温度下时效析出物的相结构和形态是不同的 .在 6 73～ 773K温度时 ,析出物都是Ti1 1 Ni1 4 相 ,随时效温度的提高 ,析出物的形态由细点状变为透镜状截面的椭圆板 ,这种相与B2母相是共格的 ,它的应变场使R相变与马氏体相变分离 ,Ti1 1 Ni1 4 相的析出会改善钛镍形状记忆合金的性质 .此外 ,在更高温度下时效合金将析出稳定的TiNi3相 ,该相与基体没有共格关系 ,同时导致基体镍含量下降 ,提高了马氏体转变温度 .     

Bi对AZ91镁合金时效析出动力学过程的影响

实验合金中Bi的加入量为0.5％～2％,合金在SF61％/CO     

Corrosion behavior of ultrafine-grained AA2024 aluminum alloy produced by cryorolling

The objectives of this study were to produce ultrafine-grained (UFG) AA2024 aluminum alloy by cryorolling followed by aging and to evaluate its corrosion behavior. Solutionized samples were cryorolled to ~85% reduction in thickness. Subsequent aging resulted in a UFG structure with finer precipitates of Al₂CuMg in the cryorolled alloy. The (1) solutionized and (2) solutionized and cryorolled samples were uniformly aged at 160℃/24 h and were designated as CGPA and CRPA, respectively; these samples were subsequently subjected to corrosion studies. Potentiodynamic polarization studies in 3.5wt% NaCl solution indicated an increase in corrosion potential and a decrease in corrosion current density for CRPA compared to CGPA. In the case of CRPA, electrochemical impedance spectroscopic studies indicated the presence of two complex passive oxide layers with a higher charge transfer resistance and lower mass loss during intergranular corrosion tests. The improved corrosion resistance of CRPA was mainly attributed to its UFG structure, uniform distribution of fine precipitates, and absence of coarse grain-boundary precipitation and associated precipitate-free zones as compared with the CGPA alloy.     

Microstruct ural evolution and mechanical behavior of metastable β -type Ti – 25Nb–2Mo – 4Sn alloy with high strength and low modulus

This paper presents a systematic study of newly developed metastable β-type Ti-25Nb-2Mo-4Sn (wt%) alloy with high strength and low elastic modulus, with focus on the microstructural evolution and mechanical behavior associated with aging. The pre-treatment (solution treatment or cold rolling) prior to aging exerts substantial influence on the subsequent aging response including microstructural evolution and mechanical behavior. Even under the same aging treatment, the aging products could be (β+ω), or alternatively (β+α), depending on the pre-treatments. This interesting aging response was discussed on the basis of the mechanism for ω formation. High-density dislocation tangles and grain boundaries induced by severe cold rolling play a key role in hindering the transition from β to isothermal ω, favoring the precipitation of α phase on aging. By aging cold-rolled specimen for short time, superior mechanical properties, i.e. high ultimate strength of ～1113 MPa and low elastic modulus of ～65 GPa, achieved in Ti-25Nb-2Mo-4Sn alloy. The characterization of microstructural evolution and compositional change indicated that the precipitation of fine α does not cause the enrichment of β-stabilizers in β matrix upon a short-time aging, guaranteeing low elastic modulus of the short-time aged specimen. Meanwhile, fine α precipitates as well as dislocations play a crucial part in strengthening, giving rise to its high yield strength and high ultimate tensile strength.     

Aging behavior and fatigue crack propagation of high Zn-containing Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys with zinc variation

In the present work, the influence of two-step aging treatments on hardness, electrical conductivity and mechanical properties of two high Zn-containing Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys with zinc content variation was investigated and the detailed T76 aging parameters were proposed. The microstructure of the precipitates were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HREM) and then quantitatively investigated with the aid of an image analysis. The fatigue performances were researched by the fatigue crack propagation (FCP) rate test and fracture morphology was observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that the matrix precipitate size distributions of both alloys had significant difference, so as to fatigue crack propagation rates and fracture appearance. The shear and bypass mechanisms of dislocation-precipitate interactions were employed to explain the difference. Among the shearable precipitates, the proportion of larger size precipitates for the higher zinc content alloy is bigger than that for the lower zinc content alloy. The coarse shearable precipitates hinder the propagation of the fatigue cracks, leading to inferior FCP rate. For both alloys, the shear mechanism possesses the dominant factor, finally causing a preponderance in the FCP resistance for the higher zinc content alloy than the lower one.     

时效时间对变形铝硅合金组织与性能的影响

研究不同固溶态Al-12.7Si-0.7Mg变形合金在180℃进行不同时间的人工时效处理,分析了时效时间对合金组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明:不同固溶态合金的时效强化的曲线表现出不同的单、双峰时效强化特征.变形铝硅合金经520℃固溶30 min随后180℃时效强化曲线存在明显的时效强化"双峰",并且第二个时效强化峰高于第一个时效强化峰.时效强化的单、双峰现象与合金的时效析出相的类型、尺寸以及析出序列密切相关.合金亚稳相的转变有明显的时间间隔,使合金时效强化曲线出现了"双峰"现象.