自然条件下输电线路导线覆冰增长特性

输电线路导线覆冰严重威胁着电网安全运行.导线覆冰过程复杂,影响因素众多,对其覆冰增长规律的准确掌握是建立并优化导线覆冰数值计算模型的基础.从自然覆冰试验出发,依托雪峰山自然覆冰试验基地对不同种类的导线进行了自然覆冰观测试验,研究了导线直径、导线表面处理情况、覆冰类型及导线扭转对导线覆冰增长过程的影响.通过导线表面水滴碰撞系数的计算分析了不同直径导线覆冰的差异性.研究结果表明:自然环境条件下,风速对导线雾凇覆冰冰形起决定性作用,覆冰主要在导线迎风面(横向迎风侧)累积,而背风侧和纵向覆冰较少.覆冰厚度随时间非线性增长,导线直径越小,覆冰厚度增长越快.导线扭转使得导线背风侧向迎风侧转变,覆冰厚度增长速率加快.雨凇覆冰时,除迎风侧翼型覆冰外,导线下方易冻结形成冰棱,使得冰形结构更为复杂.     

基于空气与冰的电阻特性差异实现电力输电网覆冰自动检测

提出了一种基于空气与冰的电阻特性差异实现电力输电网线路与塔架覆冰厚度自动检测的新型覆冰厚度传感器及其检测方法.空气与冰的电阻值具有明显的数值差异,将被检测物体表面空间划分为空气、冰两种具有不同物理特征的区域并将其切割为多层空间,对各分层的电阻值进行检测,并根据其数值差异来综合测定电力输电线路与塔架表面覆冰厚度,从而实现在恶劣的野外工作环境下对电力输电网覆冰厚度变化进行自动连续监测的目的.     

线路覆冰分层脱落动力响应的研究

覆冰线路脱冰方式影响着整个线路的动力响应.利用数值试验方法建立了4塔5线有限元耦合模型,覆冰模拟采用附加冰单元法.研究了中跨中部导线外侧的两层覆冰同时发生脱落和两层覆冰在不同时刻相继发生不同厚度脱落时体系的动力响应.分析结果表明,两层覆冰在不同时刻相继发生脱落比覆冰在同一时刻一次性全部发生脱落引起的线路回弹高度、不平衡张力和跨中导线张力的最大值分别减小24%,17%和14%左右.当导线运动至最低点而第2层覆冰发生脱落时引起的线路回弹高度最大.无论两层覆冰脱落的时间间隔多长,线路脱冰后最终都具有相同的稳定振动状态.当最外层覆冰厚度占覆冰总厚度的3/5左右时,分层脱冰对线路体系的影响最小.对覆冰分层脱落的研究结果表明,以往采用覆冰一次性全部脱落假设得到的线路脱冰荷载取值偏保守,尚有可供优化的空间.     

覆冰条件下酒杯型输电塔动力特性分析

覆冰环境中的输电线路对气候条件敏感,在极端天气条件下易发生倒塔事故.与其他结构不同,输电铁塔结构在不同的气象条件下,动力特性表现出较大的差别.以西南地区某500 kV大跨越酒杯型直线塔为研究对象,分析在是否考虑导线重量,不同覆冰厚度,是否考虑覆冰刚度的情况下,铁塔结构的动力特性.研究结果表明：铁塔覆冰对结构动力特性影响较大,不可忽略;当覆冰厚度较大时,可考虑覆冰对结构刚度的贡献.此结论可为高海拔地区的类似铁塔分析设计提供参考.     

基于高差系数的输电线路标准覆冰厚度模型及参数敏感性

目前现有覆冰监测系统覆冰厚度计算模型与实际情况相差较大,不能满足电网防冰抗冰实际需求的现状。基于现有拉力值反算覆冰厚度计算模型,提出拉力值质量控制方法,建立综合考虑线路设计冰厚、垂直档距、垂直荷载、水平应力等随覆冰厚度变化因素,同时提出杆塔高差系数对模型进行优化,减小模型参数过多造成计算结果不准确,并定量研究模型参数对计算结果的影响。研究表明:所建模型标准覆冰厚度结果与人工观冰之间的平均相对误差为14.09%,使原有模型计算准确度提高61%,更加接近于真实水平。同时,垂直档距随覆冰厚度呈非线性变化特征,在覆冰厚度为0～10 mm时垂直档距与覆冰厚度为二次函数关系,在10～40 mm时垂直档距与覆冰厚度为一次函数关系,覆冰厚度每增加1 mm,导致垂直档距减小约0.04 m。所得结论能够提升电力部门监测系统覆冰厚度计算准确性,同时能够为电力部门线路防冰、抗冰工作提供重要的科学指导意义。     

神农架地区输电线路覆冰厚度分区研究

在中重覆冰区的线路设计中,覆冰厚度的取值直接影响线路的安全性和经济性.以神农架某110 k V输电线路设计为例,分析附近已有线路的覆冰情况,探讨影响覆冰厚度的因素,主要包括气象条件的差异、海拔高程的影响、地形条件、导线悬挂高度、导线的截面和直径等.根据不同的海拔高度对设计线路进行冰区划分,并对覆冰过载能力进行计算,所得结果满足覆冰厚度要求.     

110kV电压互感器瓷套交流冰闪特性及防冰闪措施

为了解覆冰对电力系统的安全可靠运行影响程度,开展了110kV电压互感器瓷套交流覆冰闪络特性试验研究,结果表明:随着覆冰程度的增加,110kV电压互感器瓷套交流覆冰闪络电压将降低,其覆冰闪络电压与覆冰质量和覆冰厚度分别满足负指数和负幂函数关系,且特征指数范围分别为0.085～0.100和0.40～0.55;110kV电压互感器瓷套冰闪电压与覆冰前污秽有关,其覆冰闪络电压与污秽满足负幂函数关系,且特征指数范围为0.21～0.26;当覆冰厚度达25mm且盐密为0.08mg/cm2及以上时,运行中的110kV互感器瓷套将发生覆冰闪络;防止110kV互感器瓷套交流冰闪的有效措施是采用增加结构高度和加装增爬裙,研究结果可为覆冰地区变电站外绝缘的选择和设计提供参考。     

导线倾角与覆冰过程扭转因素对覆冰形状特性影响研究

输电导线覆冰严重威胁电网运行安全,准确预测导线覆冰形状和增长趋势,可以有效预防次生灾害的发生.已有输电导线覆冰增长预测模型较少考虑覆冰偏心扭转对导线表面覆冰形状的影响.为此,综合考虑覆冰偏心、风速等对导线的耦合扭转特性,建立输电导线动态扭转覆冰预测模型.基于预测模型对导线表面覆冰形状进行预测模拟并与文献实验数据对比,验证了模型的有效性.利用预测模型,进一步讨论导线倾角及温度、风速和MVD（水滴中值直径）对冰形和扭转速度的影响.研究发现,导线迎风面覆冰厚度随着倾斜角度的增加,分层现象逐渐明显.与水平布置（零倾角）导线对比,倾斜角度为60°时,导线覆冰面积分别增加18.26%（覆冰125 min）、26.30%（覆冰245 min）,扭转角度分别增加10.4°（覆冰125 min）、16.2°（覆冰245 min）,冰形呈“沟壑”状.     

电线积冰及舞动高风险区域的数值模拟

导线覆冰舞动是一种影响电网正常运行的灾害性天气.通过对2018年1月25—29日长江中下游地区大范围导线覆冰舞动事故的天气形势、大气层结与云中水成物特征的分析,探讨了导线覆冰舞动的天气成因,进而利用耦合了电线覆冰增长模型的天气研究和预报模式,对导线覆冰厚度及舞动高风险区域的时空分布进行了模拟,结果表明:①冷空气与西南暖湿气流在长江中下游地区交汇,该区从地面到700 hPa的温度均低于0℃,冻雨为"过冷暖雨"机制;②模拟结果显示覆冰期间地面降水经历了"固态-混合态-固态"的相态转化过程,与观测结果较为一致;③耦合了积冰增长预报系统(IFAS)的WRF模式,模拟的各阶段电线积冰厚度的空间分布特征与监测到冻雨天气的气象站点分布较为吻合,覆冰厚度极值与观测结果接近;④利用耦合了美国空军气象局诊断方案的WRF模式,根据模拟的积冰厚度与瞬时最大风速,模拟出了导线覆冰舞动高风险区域分布,与电网的观测记录较为吻合.该研究表明模拟的导线覆冰厚度能够反映冻雨过程中电线积冰厚度的时空变化特征,特别是舞动高风险区域分布的成功模拟,对舞动进行提前预警进而降低舞动损失具有重要的实用价值.     

一种电容式输电线路覆冰厚度检测装置的研究

针对电线路覆冰厚度在线检测在电路线路安全运行中这难题,提出了利用电容感应的方法进行模拟输电导线的覆冰厚度检测的监测方法;对模拟导线覆冰厚度传感器及其控制系统进行了设计研究,并对整套系统进行了低温覆冰检测实验,实验证明,利用该方法能很好的实现输电线路导线的模拟监测。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.