Ti—B—N纳米复合薄膜的制备及结构和力学性能

利用反应磁控溅射方法在(100)单晶硅和高速钢(W18Cr4V)基片上制备出不同B含量的Ti--B--N纳米复合薄膜.使用X射线衍射(XRD)和高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)研究了Ti--B--N纳米复合薄膜的组织结构,并用纳米压痕仪测试了它们的纳米硬度和弹性模量.结果表明:通过改变TiB2靶功率和Ti靶功率的方法可制备出非晶--纳米晶复合结构的Ti--B--N薄膜;Ti--B--N薄膜中主要含有TiN纳米晶,随着B含量的增加,形成的TiN纳米晶尺寸变小,非晶成分增加;当B含量很高时会出现很小的TiB2纳米晶,此时薄膜性能不好;当TiN晶粒尺寸为5 nm左右时,Ti--B--N薄膜力学性能最优,纳米硬度和弹性模量分别达到32.7 GPa和350.3 GPa.     

锆对Cr-Si-Al电阻薄膜微观结构和电性能的影响

研究了退火态Cr-Si-Al和Cr-Si-Al-Zr薄膜的微观结构和电性能。结果表明，溅射态非晶薄膜Cr-Si-Al和Cr-Si-Al-Zr在加热到700℃的过程中，主要折出2种晶化相：Cr(Al,Si)2和Si纳米晶化相，其中Cr-Si-Al-Zr薄膜中的晶化相Cr(Al,Si)2包含有少量Zr原子。Zr原子的加入抑制了晶化相的形核和长大，从而Cr-Si-Al-Zr薄膜与Cr-Si-Al薄膜相比，需更高的退火温度才能达到趋于零的电阻温度系数。因此，Cr-Si-Al-Zr薄膜具有更好的电学稳定性能。     

等离子喷涂制备铁基非晶-纳米复合涂层

以一种多元素铁基非晶合金粉末(含C,si,B,Cr,W,Mo,Ni,Fe等)作为喷涂材料,用大气等离子喷涂在316L不锈钢基体上制备涂层.用X射线衍射仪检测涂层的晶型结构,扫描电镜观察涂层的形貌,透射电镜观察涂层的微观组织结构,显微硬度仪测量涂层的显微硬度,纳米压痕仪测量涂层的硬度及弹性模量,并用谢乐公式计算了晶粒尺寸.结果表明:所制备的涂层均匀致密,与基体结合良好;涂层含有非晶和纳米颗粒;这种非晶-纳米复合涂层具有很高的硬度和弹性模量.     

Si含量和基片温度对Ti-Si-N纳米复合薄膜的影响

通过多靶磁控反应溅射方法沉积了Ti-Si-N系纳米复合薄膜。采用电子能谱仪（EDS）、X－射线衍射（SRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、X－射线光电子能谱（XPS）和显微硬度仪分析Ti-Si-N系薄膜的微观结构和力学性能，以及基片温度对薄膜微结构和硬度的影响。结果表明，薄膜中的Si以非晶Si3N4形式抑制TiN晶粒的生长，使之形成纳米晶甚至非晶；薄膜硬度在a(Si)=4.14%时达到最大值（36GPa），继续增加Si的含量，薄膜硬度逐渐降低。基片温度的提高减弱了Si3N4对TiN晶粒长大的抑制作用，因而高的沉积温度使薄膜呈现出硬度峰值略低和硬度降幅减缓的特征。     

基底偏压对NbN-NbB_2纳米复合薄膜相变与力学性能的影响

利用多靶磁控共溅射技术,在不同基底偏压下制备了多组NbN-NbB_2纳米复合膜,用以探究偏压对复合膜显微结构和力学性能的影响.分别利用X线衍射仪(XRD)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和纳米压痕仪对复合膜的结构、断面形貌、表面粗糙度及其硬度和弹性模量进行测试.实验结果表明:偏压为-160 V时,NbN-NbB_2复合薄膜中出现了立方相δ-NbN与六方相δ′-NbN的混合相,并以δ-NbN(111)晶面取向为主相;此时,复合膜结晶性最强,且具有非晶NbB_2穿插在结晶态NbN中和结晶态NbN紧密包覆非晶NbB_2的相互嵌入式复合结构,这种结构的形成使复合膜的硬度最高达到26.542GPa,弹性模量为291.154GPa;增加偏压至-200V时,复合膜中δ-NbN(111)逐渐向δ′-NbN(110)取向发生转变.退火处理后复合膜硬度值无明显变化,且趋于稳定,说明复合膜具有良好的热稳定性.     

退火温度对Fe基纳米晶薄带结构特性影响研究

用隧道扫描显微镜和原子力显微镜对Fe基纳米非晶带和各种温度退火产生的晶带进行扫描,发现非晶带的自由面和贴辊面呈现不同的结构,自由面纳米颗粒比较小且呈现规则排列,贴辊面纳米颗粒比较大而优势团聚比较明显;非晶带在不同温度下进行退火,随着温度升高,内应力得到释放,晶带结构发生变化,在540℃退火温度下,非晶带晶化产生了α-Fe(Si)纳米晶相和非晶相共存的复合结构,出现了细小的α-Fe(Si)纳米晶粒,并均匀的散布在非晶基底中,此时自由面和贴辊面结构差异最小,软磁性能最好.     

磁控溅射制备AlCrWTaTiNb高熵合金薄膜低温等离子体氮化

采用磁控溅射技术沉积了AlCrWTaTiNb多元高熵合金薄膜,在400℃以下采用高密度等离子体设备对沉积的薄膜进行了氮化处理.用X射线衍射(XRD)、原子力显微镜和纳米压痕对氮化后薄膜的微观结构、表面形貌以及力学性能进行了分析.结果表明,高熵效应有利于降低氮化温度,最低氮化温度仅为200℃,所有的(AlCrWTaTiNb)N薄膜晶体结构呈现简单的FCC结构,且具有(111)择优取向.随着氮化温度的增加,(AlCrWTaTiNb)N复合薄膜的显微硬度、弹性模量和对应的H3/E2均增大,氮化温度为300℃时,达到最大,随后略微下降.随氮化时间的延长,显微硬度和弹性模量均逐渐增加.     

ZrSiN纳米复合膜的显微结构、力学性能和强化机理

利用磁控溅射方法,采用不同成分的ZrSi复合靶,在单晶硅基底片上沉积不同Si含量的ZrSiN纳米复合膜.利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、高分辨透射电子显微镜（HRTEM）和纳米压痕仪等表征测试方法研究了Si含量对ZrSiN纳米复合膜微观结构和力学性能的影响.结果表明：随着ZrSiN薄膜中Si含量的增加,薄膜结晶程度先升高后降低,同时薄膜硬度和弹性模量先上升后下降;当Si与Zr的原子比为1∶24时,ZrSiN薄膜的硬度和弹性模量达到最大值31.6 GPa和320.6 GPa,此时ZrSiN薄膜内部形成Si₃N₄界面相包裹ZrN纳米晶粒的纳米复合结构;Si₃N₄界面相呈结晶态协调邻近ZrN纳米晶粒间的位向差,并与ZrN纳米晶粒之间形成共格外延生长,表明ZrSiN纳米复合膜的强化来源于ZrN纳米晶粒和Si₃N₄界面相之间形成共格外延生长界面.     

缓冲气体对激光烧蚀制备掺 Er 纳米 Si 晶薄膜结构特性的影响

采用 XeCl 脉冲准分子激光器,保持激光脉冲比为1:3,分时烧蚀Er靶和高阻抗单晶Si靶,在10 Pa的Ne气环境下沉积了掺Er非晶Si薄膜. 在氮气保护下,分别在1 000℃,1 050 ℃和1 100℃温度下进行30 min热退火处理. 对所得样品的Raman谱测量证实,随着退火温度的升高,薄膜的晶化程度提高;利用扫描电子显微镜观测了所制备的掺Er纳米Si晶薄膜的表面形貌,并与相同实验参数、真空环境下烧蚀并经热退火的结果进行了比较. 结果表明,Ne气的引入,使形成轮廓明显的掺Er纳米Si晶粒的退火温度降低,有利于尺寸均匀的晶粒的形成.     

喷射成形制备La62Al15.7(Cu,Ni)22.3块体非晶合金

采用喷射沉积成形方法制备了La62Al15.7(Cu,Ni)22.3块体非晶合金. 结果表明,沉积态La62Al15.7(Cu,Ni)22.3非晶合金比以往报道的采用甩带法制备的同成分非晶合金具有更大的约化玻璃转变温度和更宽的过冷液相区. 非晶的晶化实验表明,晶化初期多种晶相同时结晶析出. 483K退火时,在非晶基体中析出Al和AlNi. 503K退火时进一步析出La和未知相. La62Al15.7(Cu,Ni)22.3非晶合金在573K退火没有新相产生,合金晶化态组织由Al、AlNi、La和未知相组成.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.