关于U－循环环和双循环环

设Ｒ是有单位元的环．我们称Ｒ为循环环，如果加群（Ｒ，＋）是循环群；称Ｒ为Ｕ－循环群，如果Ｒ的全体单位作成的乘群Ｕ（Ｒ）是循环群；称Ｒ为双循环环，如果（Ｒ，＋）和Ｕ（Ｒ）都是循环群．本文利用（Ｒ，＋）与Ｕ（Ｒ）的一些性质讨论环Ｒ的性质和结构，所得主要结果如下：（１）若Ｒ是Ａｒｔｉｎ半单环，则Ｕ（Ｒ）是有限的当且仅当Ｒ是有限的．（２）域Ｆ是Ｕ－循环环当且仅当Ｆ是有限的．（３）若Ｒ是域Ｆ上所有ｎ阶上三角形矩阵作成的环，则Ｒ是Ｕ－循环环当且仅当ｎ＝２和Ｆ≌Ｚ２．（４）若Ｒ是无限环，则Ｒ是双循环环当且仅当Ｒ≌Ｚ．（５）设Ｒ是有限环且｜Ｒ｜＝ｎ＞１，则Ｒ是双循环环当且仅当Ｒ≌Ｚｎ，ｎ为２，４，ｐｋ，２ｐｋ，其中ｐ为任意奇素数，ｋ为任意正整数．     

关于U－循环环和双循环环

设Ｒ是有单位元的环．我们称Ｒ为循环环，如果加群（Ｒ，＋）是循环群；称Ｒ为Ｕ－循环群，如果Ｒ的全体单位作成的乘群Ｕ（Ｒ）是循环群；称Ｒ为双循环环，如果（Ｒ，＋）和Ｕ（Ｒ）都是循环群．本文利用（Ｒ，＋）与Ｕ（Ｒ）的一些性质讨论环Ｒ的性质和结构，所得主要结果如下：（１）若Ｒ是Ａｒｔｉｎ半单环，则Ｕ（Ｒ）是有限的当且仅当Ｒ是有限的．（２）域Ｆ是Ｕ－循环环当且仅当Ｆ是有限的．（３）若Ｒ是域Ｆ上所有ｎ阶上三角形矩阵作成的环，则Ｒ是Ｕ－循环环当且仅当ｎ＝２和Ｆ≌Ｚ２．（４）若Ｒ是无限环，则Ｒ是双循环环当且仅当Ｒ≌Ｚ．（５）设Ｒ是有限环且｜Ｒ｜＝ｎ＞１，则Ｒ是双循环环当且仅当Ｒ≌Ｚｎ，ｎ为２，４，ｐｋ，２ｐｋ，其中ｐ为任意奇素数，ｋ为任意正整数．     

Excellent扩张与Smach积

设Ｒ是有单位元的环，Ｓ是Ｒ的Ｅｘｃｅｌｌｅｎｔ扩张，Ｇ是有限群且｜Ｇ｜￣（－１）∈Ｒ．证明了Ｒ是右余半遗传环（ＱＦ－３环，ＧＶ－环）当且仅当Ｓ是右余半遗传环（ＱＦ－３环，ＧＶ－环），也当且仅当Ｓｍａｃｈ积Ｒ＃Ｇ是右余半遗传环（ＱＦ－３环，ＧＶ－环）．     

Excellent张扩与Smach积

设Ｒ是单位元的环，Ｓ是的Ｅｘｃｅｌｌｅｎｔ扩张，Ｇ是有限群且｜Ｇ｜＾－１∈Ｒ，证明了Ｒ是右余半遗传环当仅仅当Ｓ是右余半遗传环，也当且仅当Ｓｍａｃｈ积Ｒ＃Ｇ是右余半遗传环。     

环扩张的Grothendieck群

设Ｒ、Ｓ为含幺交换环，且Ｓ为Ｒ的环扩张。本文讨论了由嵌入环同态ｉ：Ｒ→ｓ所诱导出的Ｇｒｏｔｈｅｎｄｉｅｃｋ群同态Ｋ０（ｉ）：Ｋ０（Ｒ）→ｋ０（ｓ）为单同态的情形，我们获得的结果包含了诸如局部环扩张，代数扩张，Ａｂｅｌ群环扩张等常见的环扩张。     

关于具有足够幂等元的强分次环上的分次Morita对偶

设Ｇ和Г分别是单位元为ｅ和ε的乘群，Ｒ＝＋ｇ∈ＧＲｇ和Ａ＝＋σ∈ГＡσ辊具有足够幂等元的Ｇ－型和Г型强分次环，Ｕ＝＋ｇ∈Ｇσ∈ГＵσ是单式双分次（Ｒ，Ａ）－双模，Ｋ－ｃＵε，Ｍ（Ｎ）是所有Ｕ－反射单式分次左Ｒ－（右Ａ－）模组成的Ｒ－ｇｒ（ｇｒ－Ａ）的完全子范畴，Ｃ（Ｄ）是所有Ｋ－反射单式在Ｒｅ－（右Ａε）模组成的Ｒｅ－ｍｏｄ（ｍｏｄ－Ａε）的完全子范畴。     

Г－环的一致强素根

本文对Г－环引入一致强素Г－环与一致强素Г－模的概念，对Г－环Ｍ定义了一致强素根τ（Ｍ），证明了Ｍ的子集Ｐ是Г－环Ｍ的一致素理想当且仅当Ｐ是某一致强素ГＭ－模Ｇ的零化子。假若Ｒ是Г－环Ｍ的右算子环，我们证明了τ（Ｍ＿（ｍ，ｎ））＝τ（Ｍ）＿（ｍ，ｎ）且若Ｒ是左ｄｕｏ环有τ（Ｒ）＊＝τ（Ｍ），此外，建立了一致强素ГＭ－模与一致强素Ｒ－模之间的关系。     

关于完全素环

设Ｒ是群Ｇ－分次环,若Ｒ的所有分次理想都是分次素理想,则称Ｒ是完全分次素环。证明了分次环Ｒ是完全分次素环当且仅当Ｒ的所有分次理想是幂等的,且所有分次理想作成的集合关于包含关系是全序的。设Ｇ是有限群,Ｒｅ是完全素环,Ｒ是强分次环当且仅当Ｒ＃Ｇ＾＊是完全素环,当Ｒ是强分次环时,若Ｒｅ是完全素环,则Ｒ是完全分次素环,最后给出一个同时满足若干条件的完全素环的实例。     

环上矩阵的Drazin逆

设Ｒ是一交换环,Ａ∈Ｍｎ（Ｒ）,定义Ａ的指数和Ｄｒａｚｉｎ逆Ａ＾Ｄ,假设Ａｋ＝ＰＢＱ,ｋ＝ｉｎｄ（Ａ）,其中Ｐ,Ｂ,Ｑ∈Ｍｎ（Ｒ）,存在Ｐ’,Ｑ’∈Ｍｎ（Ｒ）,使得Ｐ‘ＰＢ＝Ｂ＝ＢＱＱ’若Ｂ有群逆,则Ａ有Ｄｒａｚｉｎ逆当且仅当ＢＢ＾＃ＱＡＰＢ＋Ｉ－ＢＢ＾＃可能,此时有Ａ＾Ｄ＝ＰＢ（ＢＢ＾＃ＱＡＰＢ＋Ｉ－ＢＢ＾＃）＾－１Ｑ。     

分次环上的一些结果

本文分两部分对分次环进行讨论．第一部分的主要结果是：Ｒ是分次环，ＭＲ－ｇｒ是Ｒ－ｇｒ的分次上生成子，当时，Ｍ也是Ｍｏｄ－Ｒ的上生成子；第二部分的主要结果是Ａｒｔｉｎ环Ｒ是Ｇ－分次，且Ｇ有限，则Ｒ是ｓｅｒｉａＳｍａｓｈ积Ｒ＃Ｇ＊是ｓｅｒｉａｌ．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with