零件表面裂纹激光修复的组织结构研究

采用双光束激光修复发动机叶片K417的表面裂纹．修复区中,从过渡区到堆焊层的组织结构变化为由平面晶过渡到胞晶、树枝晶、等轴晶及柱状组织．修复区的相结构中,枝晶骨架主要是过饱和的α′-Co,并溶有大量的Ni及一定量的Cr和Al;枝晶间主要由α′-Co,Cr23C6,Co2B,Co-Ni-Mo和Ni4B3构成;枝晶上的黑色析出物为原位形核形成的TiSi和VSi颗粒．     

Ni-Al-B高温形状记忆合金的显微组织和相组成

用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X—射线衍射仪及能谱仪研究了 Ni— Al—B系高温形状记忆合金的显微组织和相组成 ,结果表明 :合金的铸态室温组织由β相 ,L1 0 马氏体 ,γ′相及γ相组成 .β相呈枝晶形态 ;L1 0 马氏体呈片状 ;γ′相在枝晶间呈不规则形状 ,而在 β相内呈麦穗状 ;γ相与枝晶间 γ′相呈离异共晶组织     

Co基合金激光熔覆层组织及近表面结晶方向

采用同步送粉式激光熔覆工艺在45^#钢表面制备了Stellite Co基合金涂层。利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜（SEM)、附件（EDS）及X射线衍射仪分析了熔覆层的快速凝固微观组织特征和相结构。熔覆层初生相为γ-Co枝晶，枝晶间为γ-Co及Cr23C6共晶组成。在熔覆层的近自由表面，发现了一种新的、结晶方向与激光扫描速度方向平行的细小枝晶。熔覆层与基体界面为平面结晶，向中心过渡为胞状晶、柱状枝晶等多种形态。两道熔覆层的搭接区组织粗化，且出现准等轴晶、等轴晶。     

Cr元素对Al-Ni合金凝固组织及显微硬度的影响

采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)、X射线衍射分析(XRD)和硬度测试等手段研究Cr元素对Al-Ni合金的相组成、凝固组织及显微硬度的影响。结果表明,AlNi2.5Crx合金凝固组织主要为α(Al)相和共晶组织Al-Al_3Ni;Cr的添加细化了合金凝固组织,当Cr的原子分数为0.2%时,α(Al)细化效果最佳,当Cr的原子分数为0.3%时,Al_3Ni细化效果最佳;随着Cr含量的增加,合金硬度得到提高,当Cr的原子分数为0.5%时,合金硬度达到最大值51.2HV,这是固溶强化、细晶强化和晶格畸变共同作用的结果。     

2Cr13Ni4Mn9亚稳奥氏体不锈钢冷变形状态下的组织与力学性能

采用透射电镜、X射线衍射及普通金相技术研究了2Cr13Ni4Mn9亚稳奥氏体不锈钢冷变形状态下的显微组织。结果表明,该钢在固溶状态下组织为单相奥氏体,冷变形后组织中出现了诱发的ε马氏体与α′马氏体,同时产生了大量的形变孪晶。电镜观察表明,γ、ε、α′总是伴生出现,三者间存在[10]_γ∥[111]_α′∥[01]_s的取向关系。拉伸试验结果表明,该钢的屈服强度、抗拉强度随形变量的增加较一般金属快。采用铁素体仪对不同形变量下的α′马氏体的定量测量表明,随形变量增加,α′马氏体量增多。这说明该钢冷变形下强度的增加不仅来自奥氏体本身的应变硬化,诱发的α′马氏体也具有重要的作用。     

Fe，Co，Ni的价电子结构分析及物理性能计算

应用《固体与分子经验电子理论》计算了α-Fe,β-Co和Ni的价电子结构,在此基础上,计算了它们的居里温度、磁矩、结合能和熔点．计算结果与实验值相符．根据计算结果：这些元素的磁矩只与磁电子相关;居里温度除与磁电子相关外,还与磁性原子间的距离有关;结合能随共价电子数的增加而增大,随磁电子与哑对电子之和的减小而增大;对熔点起主要作用的是最强键上的共价电子对数,晶格电子项作用微弱,哑对电子起削弱作用,单个磁电子的作用可忽略．这些结果表明：α-Fe,β-Co和Ni的物理性能与其价电子结构密切相关,轨道间价电子的转化将改变这些磁性金属的物理性能．     

Y对Fe50- x Mo14Cr15C15B6Y x非晶合金 非晶形成能力及耐腐蚀性能的影响

采用单辊法制备Fe50-xMo14Cr15C15B6Yx(x=0,2)非晶合金条带,利用X射线衍射、差热分析、透射电镜和电化学极化曲线方法对非晶合金的结构、非晶形成能力(GFA)、热稳定性、晶化过程及腐蚀行为等进行了研究和表征.结果表明:Fe50-xMo14Cr15C15B6Yx合金能够形成非晶合金,随着Y元素的添加,其非晶相含量、非晶形成能力及热稳定性显著提高.晶化处理后,析出的主要晶体相为α-Fe,Fe23B6,Cr23C6和Fe3Mo3C等.Fe50-xMo14Cr15C15B6Yx非晶合金在质量分数为3.5%NaCl水溶液中呈现出极强的耐腐蚀能力,远优于常用耐蚀不锈钢Cr18Ni9Ti,并且随着Y元素的加入,非晶合金的耐腐蚀能力进一步提高,具有更宽的钝化区间及更低的腐蚀电流密度.     

MoCrFeMnNi高熵合金退火后的组织和性能

高熵合金因具有高强度、耐腐蚀、耐高温氧化等优异的性能而备受关注.采用铝热反应法制备MoCrFeMnNi高熵合金,用XRD、SEM、EDS、显微硬度和压缩实验研究了铸态及700 ℃/12 h、800 ℃/6 h、1 000 ℃/3 h退火后合金的组织和性能变化.结果表明:铝热法制备的MoCrFeMnNi高熵合金为典型的枝晶形貌,晶体结构主要由BCC相、FCC相以及少量的σ相构成,其中枝晶区域为BCC结构,富含Mo和Cr元素;枝晶间区域为FCC结构,富含Ni元素.随着退火温度的上升,枝晶间逐渐析出纳米级σ相,使得合金硬度上升,在800 ℃/6 h退火处理后达到667 HV,抗压强度达到1 050 MPa;1 000 ℃/3 h退火后,σ相团聚成球状和针状并在高温下部分溶解,σ相的减少使得合金硬度下降,抗压强度与铸态时相当,塑性显著提升.     

液态Fe—Sb合金中枝晶生长规律研究

液态Fe-10％Sb合金在熔融玻璃净化和自由落体实验条件下,分别达到429K（0．24TL）和568K（0．32TL）过冷度．深过冷并没有改变合金的相组成,快速凝固组织中只有αFe单相固溶体．熔融玻璃净化实验研究发现,αFe枝晶生长速度随过冷度呈指数函数变化．当过冷度△T〈296K时,枝晶生长速度随过冷度增大而升高,并在296K过冷度处达到极大值1．38m／s．若合金过冷度进一步增大,αFe枝晶生长速度则呈现降低趋势．枝晶生长形态演变的主要规律是,小过冷条件下αFe相以粗大枝晶方式生长,而深过冷合金熔体中形成蠕虫状枝晶．溶质截留程度主要取决于实际枝晶生长速度而不是过冷度大小,同时也与冷却速率相关．由于其结晶温度间隔比较宽大,尽管快速枝晶生长显著抑制了溶质偏析,但是Fe-10％Sb合金仍难以实现完全无偏析凝固．     

B、Si造渣剂对光束合金化层组织结构的影响

采用B、Si造渣剂和Cr、Ni合金化粉末(Cr∶Ni=20∶80)对HT-200灰铸铁进行了光束合金化表面改性处理.实验发现,合金化层成形依赖于B、Si造渣剂对熔池金属的保护效果,合金化程度和组织均匀性则取决于B、Si造渣剂对合金化冶金过程的影响.B、Si造渣剂的加入量过少(<5mg)时,合金化层成形不良;B、Si加入量过高(>20mg)时,合金化层成分和组织均匀性下降,合金化区上部组织为γ(Fe,Ni)+(Fe,Cr)3C+α,底部组织则为γ(Fe,Ni)+莱氏体组成的亚共晶基底上分布着条块状的(Cr,Fe)7C3;而加入适量的B、Si造渣剂时,合金化层成形良好,合金化区为γ(Fe,Ni)+莱氏体组成的亚共晶组织,且组织均匀.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

<正>~~     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to