一种新的焊接残余应力测量方法

应用数字散斑相关方法对平板板边堆焊焊接头残余应力进行了测量,探讨了该方法测量焊接残余应力的可行性。试验表明,数字散斑相关方法测量焊接残余应力是可行的,其应变测量灵敏度与图象处理系统的象数分辨率有关。采用高分辨率的图象处理系统,可望实现焊接接头残余应力的精确测量。     

剥层测量残余应力的修正

已加工表面残余应力以地机械零部件的功能行为有很重要的影响。然而，到目前为止，已加工表面层内残余应力的测量仍存在许多问题。本文提出了表面剥层时残余应力测量（用X射线法或剥层线性方程法）的修正方法及修正公式。通过对试验数据修正计算，结果表明，应用此方法可大大提高测量精度，本文为残余应力测量修正提供了理论依据。作者还讨论了已加工表面残余应力测量修正的必要性问题。     

焊接残余应力的非接触无损测量实验

焊接残余应力是降低焊接接头力学性能的主要因素之一,传统的残余应力测量多采用破坏性方法,如盲孔法,测量精度低、重复性差、人为影响因素多。X射线衍射法是非接触式无损的应力测量方法,测量精度高、数据稳定性好。学生采用X射线衍射法完成了焊接残余应力的测量实验,结果表明随着与焊缝距离的增大残余拉应力的峰值降低,热处理和超声波处理都能够有效地降低焊接残余拉应力,甚至能够把焊缝表面的残余拉应力转变为压应力。实验有助于学生了解焊接残余应力的基本分布规律,从而深刻理解焊接过程的特点,取得了较好的实验教学效果。     

残余应力测试方法综述

该文介绍了残余应力对结构件在实际使用中的有害影响及实验对于测量残余应力的必要性阐述了当前测量残余应力的两种主要方法,并对机械式残余应力测试方法分别从平面和三维条件下进行了详细的说明。大部分残余应力的测试方法都没有达到实用阶段。除了测试技术还存在问题,在力学原理上,主要是弹性力学与塑性力学还得不出钻孔这个力学模型的三维问题应力解。     

铝合金预拉伸厚板内残余应力分布的测量

因残余应力而引起的加工变形是飞机整体结构件制造的难题之一．文中针对铝合金预拉伸厚板的特点，提出用改进剥层应变法来测量内部残余应力，并运用弹性力学理论进行推导，得到了应力一应变关系矩阵．随后对典型航空用铝合金预拉伸厚板7075T7351的内部残余应力进行了测量，并对测量结果进行了分析和比较．结果表明，文中提出的方法能有效地解决厚板内部残余应力测量的难题．     

利用激光超声测量H型钢梁的残余应力

介绍了利用激光超声和瑞利波测量残余应力的方法及主要的测量装置，描述了采用这种方法对轧制H型钢梁残余应力的测量过程，并对测量结果进行了分析。     

微旋转结构法测量Al薄膜的残余应力

薄膜的残余应力是影响MEMS器件工作可靠性和稳定性的重要因素,微旋转结构法能够简单有效地测量薄膜的残余应力.文中采用MEMS工艺制作Al薄膜微旋转结构,根据微旋转结构法对m薄膜的残余应力进行了测量和计算.实验结果表明,溅射Al膜的残余应力为张应力,大小在80～110 GPa之间.对Al薄膜悬梁进行静电驱动,其驱动电压为31 ～34 V,与根据Al膜残余应力的测量值所计算出的驱动电压基本吻合.     

磁弹性法在测量高速客车车轴表面残余应力中的应用

磁弹性法是一种快速、简便的表面残余应力无损检测技术．它利用ＢａｒｋｈａｕｓｅｎＮｏｉｓｅ（巴氏噪声）的强度与材料的内应力呈现单调关系，从而由巴氏噪声的强度来测量表面残余应力．本文介绍了磁弹性法测量构件表面残余应力的基本原理、测试方法及其在高速客车空心车轴表面滚压强化后，在车轴表面残余应力测量中的应用．     

预拉伸铝合金板7075T7351内部残余应力分布测试

因残余应力而引起加工变形是飞机整体结构件制造的难题之一。运用裂纹柔度法测量了铝合金预拉伸板7075T7351的内部残余应力，分析了内部残余应力的分布规律，并测出厚度为40mm的板长度方向最大残余拉应力为18．3Mpa，最大残余压应力为17．9Mpa。     

振动时效在HT-7U核聚变真空装置残余应力消除中的应用

针对HT-7U核聚变真空装置拼焊过程中产生的焊接变形,通过应用振动时效(Vibratory Stress Relief,VSR)工艺,以消除拼焊处残余应力.介绍了盲孔法测量残余应力的原理,并通过振动过程中动应力分析和VSR工艺前后残余应力的测量,了解拼焊处动应力和残余应力的分布状况,实验结果表明VSR工艺消应力效果良好.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.