改性柚子皮对镉离子的吸附及动力学研究

以生物质废弃物柚子皮为原料对工业废水中的镉离子进行吸附.考察金属离子初始浓度、吸附剂用量、溶液pH、吸附温度和吸附时间对镉离子的吸附情况,从而确定最佳的吸附条件,并对吸附性能进行动力学研究.结果表明,吸附温度为25 ℃、溶液pH=5、吸附剂的用量为7 g·L -1 、吸附时间为120 min、镉离子的初始浓度100 mg·L -1 条件下,柚子皮对镉离子的吸附率达到96.45%以上;通过用准一级动力学模型和准二级动力学模型进行数据拟合,结果显示吸附反应符合准二级动力学方程;红外光谱结果显示,参与吸附反应的主要官能团为羟基、羰基和羧基.     

镁铝双金属氢氧化物对Cu~(2+)的吸附

为研究镁铝双金属氢氧化物(MgAl-LDHs)对铜离子的吸附性能,采用了共沉淀的方法合成了镁铝双金属氢氧化物(MgAl-LDHs),并利用镁铝双金属氢氧化物(MgAl-LDHs)对铜离子进行吸附,同时考察了溶液p H值、吸附时间、吸附剂用量、溶液初始浓度对铜离子吸附率的影响,并利用XRD对产品结构进行了表征。结果表明:在常温时,当溶液pH为9、吸附时间为160 min、吸附剂用量为4 g、溶液初始浓度为25 mmol/L的条件下,MgAl-LDHs对铜离子的吸附率达到最大值为90.84%。     

钙基膨润土对水相中铜离子的吸附

通过考察吸附条件对吸附率及吸附负载量的影响,研究了钙基膨润土对水相中铜离子的吸附特性.实验结果表明,钙基膨润土对铜离子有较好的吸附效果;钙基膨润土对铜离子的吸附在15 min就达到吸附平衡;铜离子的吸附在15 min就达到吸附平衡;当铜离子初始质量浓度为190.6 mg/L,pH=6.03,t=20℃,吸附时间τ=15 min,吸附剂用量为10 g/L时,膨润土对铜离子的吸附率为94%.对初始质量浓度为635.4 mg/L的铜离子溶液,膨润土对铜离子的吸附率仍达57%.从吸附前后膨润土的扫描电镜图片和X射线衍射图谱对比分析可知,膨润土对铜离子的吸附不仅有表面和孔道吸附,还存在着晶层间吸附.     

柚子皮生物吸附剂的制备及其对重金属铅离子的吸附应用

废弃的柚子皮中富含大量的木质素、纤维素、多糖及果胶等成分,因而具有与重金属发生作用的功能团,可作为重金属离子的吸附剂。研究以柚子皮粉和经过碱化改性、酯化改性、壳聚糖交联处理的柚子皮粉为吸附剂对铅离子(Pb2+)的吸附情况进行比较,选择出最佳改性处理方法;然后考察最佳改性后的吸附剂在不同的吸附条件下,即吸附时间、吸附温度、Pb2+的初始浓度、吸附时的pH和吸附剂的用量对吸附效率的影响,探究出最佳的吸附剂使用条件;最后探究了吸附剂的吸附动力学特性。结果表明:碱化改性的柚子皮吸附剂在pH为4~6、温度为45℃、吸附剂的投加量为10 g/L、吸附时间为60 min、Pb2+初始浓度约为140 mg/L的条件下,对Pb2+的吸附效果最佳,吸附效率达到92%以上。吸附动力学方程为t/qt=0.207 3+0.103 5 t。     

海藻酸钠吸附铜离子的研究

研究了用海藻酸钠作为吸附剂去除水相中的Cu2 ,以及吸附过程中试验条件对吸附效果的影响·结果表明:吸附过程在10min左右就达到了平衡;在pH=6时吸附效果达到最佳;吸附温度以30℃左右为宜;海藻酸钠对Cu2 吸附的最大负载量为144～150mg/g·铜离子去除率的大小与水相中铜离子的初始质量浓度有关,对含铜量较高的水样(如铜离子质量浓度为800mg/L),海藻酸钠对溶液中Cu2 的去除率最高达81%,对含铜量较低的水样(如铜离子质量浓度为40mg/L),Cu2 的去除率达99 5%;因此采用海藻酸钠进行二次吸附,溶液中的Cu2 的残余质量浓度低于国家污水综合排放标准中铜离子的最高允许排放质量浓度·     

海带吸附镉离子的研究

采用多细胞褐藻海带对镉离子进行吸附，研究溶液的pH值，初始镉离子浓度对镉离子的吸附特性的影响．发现pH值对镉离子的吸附影响很大，在pH值为1～6时，pH值越高，镉的吸附量越大．在本研究实验条件下，海带吸附镉离子适宜的浓度为小于500mg／L，海带的最高吸附量为125mg／g(干态)．溶液中的镉离子与海带上的钙离子发生离子交换作用，交换率占总吸附量的33％．pH=5．93时得到的吸附等温线可用Dubinin-Radushkevich方程拟合．     

膨润土负载壳聚糖处理含镉废水的实验研究

以脱乙酰度为90%壳聚糖为原料,制备膨润土负载壳聚糖复合吸附剂,用于吸附含镉废水溶液中的Cd2+.探讨壳聚糖负载量、pH值、吸附时间、吸附剂加入量、Cd2+初始质量浓度对去除率的影响.结果表明,对于初始质量浓度为10mg/L的含镉模拟废水溶液,在膨润土与壳聚糖质量比为1∶0.03,加入量为8g/L,pH=6,吸附时间为50min的条件下,Cd2+的去除率在94%以上.该吸附剂经再生处理后可循环使用4次.     

多组分重金属复合体系在高岭土中的吸附差异

重金属环境污染问题日趋严重。针对利用黏土矿物高岭土治理多组分重金属环境污染的问题,本文研究了三种重金属离子镉(Cd~(2+))、铅(Pb~(2+))和铜(Cu~(2+))在土壤中广泛存在的高岭土于不同理化条件下(包括吸附时间、pH值、离子强度、重金属离子初始浓度)的吸附行为特性,以及两相与三相多组分重金属之间的竞争吸附行为。研究结果表明:在恒温条件下吸附达平衡后,高岭土对Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)和Cu~(2+)的吸附率均大于70%;当反应体系pH7.0时,高岭土对这三种离子的吸附率可达90%以上;而当离子强度大于0.05 mol/L时,吸附率降低近一半。在复合体系中,不同重金属离子在高岭土表面的竞争吸附作用使高岭土对各重金属离子的吸附量小于单一组分,其中,高岭土对三种重金属离子的吸附能力大小为Cu~(2+)Cd~(2+)Pb~(2+)。研究结果表明,高岭土对Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)和Cu~(2+)都具有良好的吸附能力,其吸附量受pH值、离子强度和竞争吸附作用的影响较大。     

HNO3修饰的亚麻废料吸附剂对锌离子吸附性的研究

利用亚麻废料制备吸附剂对废水中金属锌离子的吸附进行研究.结果表明,经HNO3修饰的亚麻废料吸附剂对锌离子吸附效果要好于未经修饰的亚麻废料.经HNO3修饰的亚麻废料吸附剂对锌离子有最佳吸附的pH为5.80,振荡时间120min达到吸附平衡,最大吸附量为0.324mol/kg,最佳固液比为4.3mg/mL.     

松树皮吸附水溶液中铜离子的性能研究

以松树皮作为吸附剂,进行了生物吸附铜离子的性能研究实验.考察了吸附剂颗粒大小、溶液初始pH值、吸附剂用量、吸附时间以及溶液初始浓度等方面对松树皮从水溶液中吸附铜离子的影响,并研究了符合铜离子吸附的平衡热力学和动力学模型.结果表明,平衡数据很好地符合Langmuir吸附等温式和二级反应动力学方程.在25℃下,铜离子初始质...     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.