聚醚型聚氨酯预聚体封闭与解封反应研究

研究了苯酚与聚醚型聚氨酯预聚体的封闭反应,探讨了反应温度、反应时间、活性氢与异氰酸酯基团的摩尔比及溶剂等因素对封闭反应的影响。结果表明:最佳反应温度为60℃,反应时间为1.5～2h;当n(活泼H)/n(—NCO)大于1.5时,预聚体封闭完全;极性溶剂对封闭反应有利。通过对解封行为的研究,确定了其解封闭起始温度为110℃,解封闭速率最快时所对应的温度为220℃,解封时间为15～90min。     

甲基丙烯酸甲酯在褐藻酸铜(Ⅱ)络合物膜-HSO_3~-水体系中的聚合反应

本文研究新的聚合反应体系,甲基丙烯酸甲酯在褐藻酸铜(Ⅱ)络合物膜-HSO_3~--水体系中的聚合反应。讨论了温度、Na_2SO_3浓度、MMA浓度和褐藻酸铜(Ⅱ)膜用量对聚合速率及诱导时间的影响。求得聚合速率的表达式(Kp=7.4×10~(-2)e~(2830)/RT·[MMA]~(1.57)[Na_2SO_3]~(0.57),并比较了Na_2SO_3和NaHSO_3对诱导时间的影响,以及膜使用前后表面铜的分布。实验结果表明,褐藻酸铜(Ⅱ)络合物膜在聚合反应中起着高分子催化剂的作用。     

非水条件下有机碱分解氯化铵回收氨的工艺

采用有机碱在非水条件下将纯碱工业副产的NH4Cl分解为NH3和HCl,研究了在异丙醇溶剂中三辛胺(TOA)分解NH4Cl释放NH3的工艺,考察了反应温度、N2流量、TOA与NH4Cl摩尔比、异丙醇与TOA摩尔比、反应时间等对NH4Cl分解反应的影响。结果表明:NH4Cl处理量为0.1 mol时的最佳分解工艺条件为反应温度353 K、N2流量120 mL/min、TOA与NH4Cl摩尔比为1.4∶1、异丙醇与TOA摩尔比为7.1∶1、反应时间8.25 h。在最优条件下,NH3收率达到97%以上,且无废水排放。进一步探讨了极性溶剂下有机碱分解NH4Cl的反应机制,发现溶剂异丙醇中羟基与TOA中N原子上的孤对电子形成氢键,使TOA的碱性增强,与NH4Cl反应更容易释放出NH3。     

一种提高苄叉丙酮合成肉桂酸的新方法

苄叉丙酮经次氯酸钠卤化反应为肉桂酸钠,酸化前用还原剂Na_2SO_3或NaHSO_3除去过量的次氯酸钠,产率达78％,纯度达95％,并用分析鉴定结果表明使用还原剂提高产率和纯度的理论依据。     

亚硫酸氢钠生理效应的探讨 11.NaHSO_3对气孔、光合的影响

本文进一步追索了 NaHSO_3对气孔和光合作用影响的动态变化,通过与 Na_2SO_4等同步实验,间接证明 NaHSO_3可能在体内形成σ-羟基磺酸(σ-HPMS),它既是乙醇酸氧化酶的抑制剂,又可使气孔关闭。     

亚硫酸钠在油田水系统中除氧规律及行为

油气田的注空气开采工艺导致油气田设备及管线的严重腐蚀.为降低氧气对油气田设备及管线的腐蚀,研究了Na_2SO_3在油田水系统中的除氧规律及影响因素.通过电化学探头法,研究了Na_2SO_3质量浓度、温度、除氧时间、pH和各种金属离子催化作用下Na_2SO_3的除氧规律.研究结果表明:Na_2SO_3除氧在中性、碱性环境较为合适;温度越高、接触时间越长,Na_2SO_3的除氧效果越好;Na_2SO_3与NaHSO3复配对Na_2SO_3的除氧率无明显效果;Co~(2+)、Cu~(2+)对Na_2SO_3除氧具有很好的催化作用,可以显著提高Na_2SO_3的除氧率;Pb~(2+)与Na_2SO_3反应生成沉淀,抑制Na_2SO_3的除氧反应.     

碱激发剂对碱矿渣砂浆抗压强度的影响

研究了碱激发剂(Na_2SO_4、Na_2SO_4+NaOH、Na_2SO_4+Na_2SiO_3)对碱矿渣砂浆抗压强度的影响.研究表明,与单独采用Na_2SO_4作为激发剂时的碱矿渣砂浆抗压强度相比,采用Na_2SO_4和NaOH作为复合激发剂,碱矿渣砂浆抗压强度略低;采用Na_2SO_4和Na_SiO_3作为复合激发剂,碱矿渣砂浆抗压强度有明显的提高,但Na_2SiO_3掺量不宜超过2.5%.通过试验结果对比得出碱矿渣水泥最佳配方:普通硅酸盐水泥∶Na_2SO_4∶矿渣∶Na_2SiO_3=10%∶5%∶85%∶2.5%,所配制砂浆(最佳碱矿渣水泥∶砂∶水=492∶522∶168)的28d抗压强度达到53.7MPa.     

三氯苯酚与PAPI封闭反应的条件

以2,4,6-三氯苯酚作为多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯(PAPI)的封闭剂,获得了单组份聚氨酯.讨论了-OH与-NCO的摩尔比、反应温度、溶剂、反应时间、催化剂等因素对异氰酸酯封闭反应的影响,利用红外光谱分析手段进行了表征.结果表明:较适宜的封闭剂与异氰酸根的摩尔比为(1.1～1.2):1.0;升高温度有利于封闭反应的进行,较佳的反应温度为80℃;极性溶剂有利于封闭反应的进行,溶剂的极性越大,封闭反应越容易进行;延长反应时间,有利于提高封闭率,但到一定程度,反应趋于平衡;添加有机锡类催化剂能大大提高封闭反应的速率,缩短封闭反应时间.对封闭物进行了1HNMR表征.     

一种低温解封阴极电泳漆单组份固化剂的合成与表征

以乙二醇单丁醚为溶剂,己内酰胺为封闭剂对TDI进行封闭,得到单组份固化剂。通过红外测试、热失重测试对得到的单组份固化剂进行表征,探讨了在不同条件下—NCO的封闭率,进而确定最佳实验条件为n(活泼H)∶n(—NCO)为1.2,封闭反应温度控制在90℃左右为宜,反应时间为4 h。     

己二异氰酸酯-三羟甲基丙烷加成物的合成

研究了耐候性聚氨酯涂料固化剂己二异氰酸酯(HDI)-三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)加成物的合成工艺.通过对反应产物NCO含量和黏度的测定,考察了TMP中水分含量、催化剂、HDI与TMP摩尔比、反应温度、反应时间对加成产物的影响.结果表明,TMP中水分对加成产物黏度影响很大,需进行脱水处理;HDI-TMP加成物最佳合成工艺条件为:催化剂二月桂酸二丁基锡用量0.05%,HDI与TMP的摩尔比3.15,反应温度80℃,反应时间3 h,可获得低黏度HDI-TMP加成物.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.