沿河路基冲刷的综合防护效果

为了研究山区公路沿河湾凹岸路基冲刷采用丁坝和护坦配合使用的综合防护效果,通过室内水工模型试验,模拟丁坝群和护坦配合使用对凹岸路基的冲刷防护;根据试验结果对防护效果进行对比分析,并结合试验工程进行了验证。结果表明:当单独使用丁坝或护坦不能达到满意的防护效果时,可以采用丁坝与护坦合理配合的防护形式,使防护效果和经济性更好;当护坦宽度较小时,潜坝坝长可大于护坦宽度,且从上游坝开始,各坝的坝顶高程应逐个降低,直至与护坦顶面高程相等;当护坦宽度较大时,单独采用护坦防护已经能够达到防护要求。     

桥梁墩台的护坦防护局部冲刷深度计算

运用水力分析和试验观测的方法,研究了桥梁墩台的护坦防护机理及防护效果。提出护坦宽度(BH)和顶面埋置深度是影响护坦防护效果的主要因素,并根据试验资料提出护坦防护墩台局部冲刷深度的计算方法。试验结果表明,通过在桥梁墩台周围设置护坦可以有效地减小墩台局部冲刷深度。     

沿河公路路基冲刷的丁坝群防护设计研究

在山区沿河路基的冲刷防护构造物中,丁坝具有挑流、导流的作用,它通过改变水流结构,使水流偏离被防护的路基或将被冲刷区域变为淤积区,达到路基防护的目的;同时,坝头会受到水流的强烈作用,出现局部冲刷坑,冲刷深度过大,可能导致丁坝毁坏。显然,丁坝坝后回流区长度是确定丁坝防护范围和对水流影响区域的主要依据,而     

桩式丁坝局部冲刷深度试验研究

针对桩式丁坝局部冲刷特性及其最大冲刷深度,在总结前人研究的基础上,进行了桩式丁坝清水冲刷动床试验.试验中挑角范围在30—135°之间,透水率范围在0—40%之间,通过试验分析了其冲刷坑形态,冲刷深度影响因素和机理.研究结果表明:桩式丁坝局部冲刷坑呈"V"形槽状,最低点位于桩根附近,整个冲刷槽最大冲刷深度位于坝头,由绕坝水流所导致.冲刷深度随河宽缩窄率增大而增大,随透水率增大而减小,正挑时丁坝的冲深最大,同时还与Fr和床沙级配有关.最后,通过量纲分析建立了非淹没桩式丁坝局部最大冲刷深度的计算公式,该式将桩式丁坝冲刷深度与其影响因素直接联系起来,能够定量反映其影响规律,其计算结果与试验数据符合良好,可为实际工程设计提供参考依据.     

丁坝与挡土墙配合防护沿河公路路基机理分析

山区沿河公路常由于弯道水流冲刷而发生水毁.为进一步认识丁坝和挡土墙配合这一沿河路基水毁防治方案的防护机理,采用现代三维运动界面追踪技术VOF(volume of fluid)方法和标准k-ε模型耦合求解,对圆心角为90°弯道中设置丁坝的三维流场进行了分析研究,指出丁坝和挡土墙配合防护沿河路基是通过改变弯道水流的流场结构,使水流偏离被防护的路基或将冲刷区变为淤积区,从而达到冲刷防护目的的.     

丁坝基础冲刷防护措施在工程中的应用

文章以歙许公路凤凰村河段丁坝基础冲刷防护试验示范工程为例 ,对布设和修筑的丁坝基础冲刷防护试验示范工程进行原型观测和实测资料的分析研究。通过原型观测资料的分析和洪水后现场冲刷地形的测量 ,应用丁坝基础冲刷防护措施研究成果和计算模式 ,比较基础冲刷最大冲深的计算值和实测值 ,结果表明两者基本吻合 ,防护效果十分显著 ,尤其是采用平台加齿坎的基础防护措施 ,减冲深度达 2 5 .0 5 %～ 44.2 1% ,效果更为显著 ,可在工程中推广应用。     

浅谈乱石坝根石走失的成因与防护措施

一、根石走失的原因 （一）水流条件的关系 （1）乱石坝周边水流形态与冲刷坑深度。黄河下游乱石坝大多数是非淹没的下挑丁坝,丁坝对近岸水流流速场干扰很大,由于水流在坝前受丁坝所阻,迎水面水位升高,形成上回流及下降水流。下降水流与主流合并成为螺旋流,这是造成坝前冲刷坑的主要原因。下回流的形成是水流过坝时的扩散离解造成的,水流过丁坝以后,由于单宽流量和近底流速的加大,在最大底流速区形成冲刷坑,     

双丁坝合理间距的试验研究

桩式透水丁坝群是一种新型结构丁坝,目前在河道整治工程中大量运用。为探讨工程设计中前二座丁坝的间距布设问题,对前二座丁坝的设计间距、透水率、坝长等因素进行了动床模型试验,运用Surfer8.0软件绘制河床地形图和三维效果图,分析结果表明:双丁坝比单个丁坝运用条件下能更好地控制河道整治线,同时第2座丁坝也会产生弱于第1座丁坝的横向和纵向冲刷槽;丁坝间距的确定原则为坝后不冲、主流不淤和坝体自身稳定。经试验观测和原型验证,推荐顺直河道的合理间距为1.5~2.5倍坝长。     

T型丁坝坝翼与坝身夹角及坝轴线中心角对90°弯道水流的影响

结合下挑丁坝和弯道边界条件的特点,利用三维数值模型研究90°弯道中设置T型丁坝后,丁坝坝翼与坝身的夹角θ以及坝轴线中心角α对回流区大小、丁坝附近横截面主流区流速、横向环流以及最大河床切应力的影响.研究结果表明,回流宽度随θ的减小而逐渐递增,回流长度在θ=75°时,相对最短,并且回流长度随α的减小而减小.丁坝附近横截面主流区流速随着θ的减小而减小、当θ减小到45°时会增大,丁坝上下游各截面的流速随α减小略微减小.河床切应力最大值与平均切应力之比τmax/τ0随Fr的增大呈递减趋势,随θ的减小呈现先递减再反向增加的趋势,当θ=75°时,τmax/τ0的相对值最小;α越小,τmax/τ0越小.综合研究表明,T型丁坝坝翼与坝身夹角θ为75°且坝轴线中心角α为30°时,可以更好地发挥T型丁坝的体型优势.     

丁坝基础冲刷机理和防护措施

通过水力模型试验资料分析,建立了丁坝局部最大冲深的计算关系式;探讨了平台加齿坎基础冲刷防护措施的削弱作用;建立了平台或平台加齿坎基础防护形式的局部冲刷深度的计算模式.在水流稳定流条件下,通过不同条件下的长历时试验,分析了丁坝局部冲刷过程的特点及有关影响要素;实验结果提出的计算公式的计算值完全吻合.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to