纳米Ni/Fe双金属催化降解盐酸环丙沙星的研究

用液相还原法制备纳米Ni/Fe双金属,通过比表面分析仪(BET)、X射线衍射分析仪(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)对其进行了表征.研究结果表明,制备的纳米金属颗粒直径在10～20 nm,比表面积为68 m2/g.纳米Ni/Fe投加量为0.43 g/L,盐酸环丙沙星的初始质量浓度为30 mg/L,初始pH为7的降解效果最好,催化反应60 min后,降解率达83.3%.在最佳反应条件下,纳米Ni/Fe、纳米零价铁和商业铁粉的降解效率顺序为:纳米Ni/Fe双金属>纳米零价铁>商业铁粉.纳米Ni/Fe双金属对盐酸环丙沙星的降解反应近似符合一级动力学方程.     

活性炭负载Fe_2O_3催化臭氧降解丁香酚

应用制备的活性炭(AC)负载活性组分催化剂催化臭氧处理丁香酚模拟废水,通过扫描电镜、X-射线衍射仪和比表面积分析仪对制备的催化剂特性进行表征,考察了AC负载活性组分的种类和初始pH值、负载量、催化剂加入量对催化臭氧氧化降解丁香酚模拟废水过程中COD_(Cr)(重铬酸盐指数)去除效果的影响,并对降解过程中COD_(Cr)的去除反应动力学进行研究.结果表明:AC表面成功负载了活性组分Fe_2O_3、CuO/Cu_2O、CeO_2、NiO,制备的催化剂(Fe/AC、Cu/AC、Ce/AC、Ni/AC)具有明显的催化活性,显著提高了臭氧氧化降解丁香酚模拟废水过程中COD_(Cr)的去除效果,催化活性从大到小依次为Fe/ACCe/AC Cu/AC Ni/AC;制备的Fe/AC具有最高的催化活性,在pH值为11、负载量为3%、Fe/AC加入量为0.3g/L条件下,反应60 min后COD_(Cr)去除率达到88. 90%,分别比AC催化臭氧处理和单独臭氧处理提高了21. 13%和29. 95%.动力学分析表明,臭氧氧化、AC、Fe/AC、Ce/AC、Cu/AC、Ni/AC催化臭氧氧化处理丁香酚模拟废水过程中COD_(Cr)的降解符合表观二级动力学规律,活性炭负载的活性组分有效提高了反应的动力学速率.     

纳米Pd-Cu/SnO_2复合催化还原硝酸盐氮

采用热分解法制备纳米SnO2,并运用浸渍法制备Pd-Cu负载在SnO2上的双金属纳米负载型催化剂.对纳米SnO2进行X射线衍射、透射电镜、比表面积分析;以甲酸为还原剂,在常压下考察了纳米Pd-Cu/SnO2催化还原硝酸盐氮的活性和选择性.结果表明:制备的纳米SnO2的晶粒粒径为8.9~10.4nm或9.3~10.7nm,颗粒粒径在10.0nm左右,BET比表面积最大为144.9892 m2/g;催化还原硝酸盐氮的Pd-Cu配比为6∶1,甲酸的投加量为16.0mmol/L时,硝酸盐氮的去除率为100.00%,催化活性达到0.119mmol/(min.g),总氮的去除率为76.23%,反应的最佳pH值为4.0.     

TiO_2/AC催化臭氧降解造纸废水

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备活性炭(AC)负载TiO_2的TiO_2/AC催化剂。通过场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、N_2吸附比表面积(BET)仪、X线衍射仪(XRD)对催化剂进行表征。将制得的TiO_2/AC催化剂用于催化臭氧降解造纸废水实验,考察催化剂的催化性能、重复使用性及反应前后表面性质变化,并分析造纸废水降解产物。结果表明:TiO_2均匀负载在活性炭的表面上及孔道内,500℃煅烧的催化剂为锐钛矿与金红石的混合晶型;催化臭氧反应60 min,造纸废水色度和化学需氧量(COD)去除率分别为96.8%和60.4%,比单独臭氧降解分别提高1.8%和9.9%;造纸废水成分主要为酯类、烷烃类等,经催化臭氧化反应后,大分子物质降解产生了一些小分子。     

Ni-Cu/AC催化剂的制备及其催化氧化甲醇羰基化反应性能研究

以活性炭为载体,采用硝酸镍浸渍液制备负载型镍催化剂Ni/AC。讨论了硝酸镍负载的最佳条件,并引入金属铜对催化剂进行改性。通过比表面积分析仪和扫描电镜SEM分析了催化剂的表面结构,并将两种催化剂应用于甲醇直接氧化羰基化合成醋酸的实验中。结果显示:制备催化剂的最佳条件为硝酸镍浓度1.0 mol/L、浸渍时间1 h、温度70℃、硝酸铜浓度0.1 mol/L;两种催化剂均具催化活性,双金属镍铜催化剂Ni-Cu/AC活性较高,催化作用下甲醇转化率可达15.7%。     

Ni– Cu/AC催化剂的制备及其催化氧化甲醇羰基化反应性能研究

以活性炭为载体,采用硝酸镍浸渍液制备负载型镍催化剂Ni/AC,讨论了硝酸镍负载的最佳条件,并引入金属铜对催化剂进行改性。通过比表面积分析仪和扫描电镜SEM分析了催化剂的表面结构,并将两种催化剂应用于甲醇直接氧化羰基化合成醋酸的实验中。结果显示：制备催化剂的最佳条件为硝酸镍浓度1.0 mol/L、浸渍时间1h、温度70℃、硝酸铜浓度0.1mol/L;两种催化剂均具催化活性,双金属镍铜催化剂Ni-Cu/AC活性较高,催化作用下甲醇转化率可达15.7 %。     

纳米Fe/Ni双金属的制备及其对水中2,4-二氯酚的还原效果

 采用液相还原法制备了纳米Fe/Ni双金属材料,分析了FeCl₂浓度、n（Ni）/n（Fe）和n（NaBH₄）/n（FeCl₂）物质的量之比对制得的Fe/Ni双金属还原水中2,4-二氯酚（2,4-DCP）效果的影响,明确了Fe/Ni对2,4-DCP的还原脱氯途径。结果表明：在FeCl₂浓度为3 mol/L、n（Ni）/n（Fe）=4%,n（NaBH₄）/n（FeCl₂）=1的条件下制备的Fe/Ni双金属对2,4-DCP的去除率接近100%,且其中95%被还原成苯酚。纳米Fe/Ni为球形颗粒,粒径约为50 nm,在自身磁力作用下相互链接为枝状,又通过静电稳定作用分散聚集,形成海绵状多孔结构,BET比表面积为44.8 m²/g。纳米Fe/Ni还原2,4-DCP的途径主要是苯环上的2个C-Cl键依次被加氢还原,先脱去一个氯生成2-氯酚或4-氯酚,再进一步脱氯转化为稳态的苯酚。     

凹凸棒土负载纳米Fe/Ni的制备及其去除水中Zn(Ⅱ)性能研究

采用液相还原法制备以凹凸棒土为载体的纳米双金属Fe/Ni复合材料,通过Zn(Ⅱ)静态吸附试验,确定了除Zn(Ⅱ)效果最佳的Fe/Ni@ATP复合材料,即纳米铁与凹凸棒土的负载比为1∶2、Fe/Ni双金属中Ni掺杂比为2%,并考察了Zn(Ⅱ)初始浓度、pH及环境温度对该复合材料去除水中Zn(Ⅱ)效果的影响。结果表明,经过凹凸棒土负载和掺杂Ni改性以后,Fe/Ni@ATP复合材料的Zn(Ⅱ)去除率显著提高,颗粒团聚状况得到改善,比表面积明显增加。在实验条件范围内,较高的溶液pH值、环境温度以及较低的Zn(Ⅱ)初始浓度均有利于Fe/Ni@ATP复合材料对Zn(Ⅱ)的去除。该过程符合Langmuir吸附等温模型,吸附机理为零价铁表面氧化物与Zn(Ⅱ)的配合作用,此外,水中Zn(Ⅱ)也可以通过生成Zn(OH)_2沉淀的形式去除。     

高效能活性炭基底石墨烯粒子电极制备及表征

目的制备和筛选出一种高效、稳定的新型石墨烯复合负载型粒子电极.方法采用溶胶凝胶法制备了一系列不同基底的石墨烯负载型粒子电极,以苯酚为目标污染物考察粒子电极的催化活性,确定最优粒子电极,通过正交试验优化其制备条件.最后采用SEM、EDS、BET、XRD、LSV、CV手段对粒子电极的结构、表面形貌及电化学性能等进行表征.结果筛选出Ti-r GO/GAC-S(椰壳活性炭)为最优粒子电极,对苯酚去除率为85. 26%;正交试验优化其制备条件为钛酸丁酯投加量75 mL、r GO投加量0. 2 g、煅烧温度400℃、煅烧时间1 h;负载Ti和r GO后表面积、析氧电位增大,对苯酚直接氧化能力提高.结论筛选出的Ti-r GO/GAC-S粒子电极电催化活性最高,表面积大,活性点位多,对苯酚的直接氧化能力高.     

Ni纳米线/SiO2复合气凝胶的制备及机理分析

以正硅酸乙酯和硝酸镍以及乙二醇为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法和超临界干燥工艺制备负载金属Ni纳米线的SiO2复合气凝胶.采用AAS,BET,TEM及XRD等测试手段对样品进行表征.研究结果表明:Ni/SiO2气凝胶负载的Ni含量(质量分数)约为15%,其表观密度为0.22 g/cm3,比表面积为494.4 m2/g,孔容为1.80 cm3/g,平均孔径为14.6nm;负载的Ni以非晶态的单质Ni纳米线(长度为10～60nm)和-Ni-O-Si-键组成的化合物形态均匀地分布在SiO2气凝胶三维网络骨架结构上;经Ar中600℃和3 h热处理后,Ni纳米线由非晶态转变为晶态,纳米线略有长大,但未出现团聚现象,显示出较强的热稳定性.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.