小麦纹枯病发生与流行规律的研究

小麦纹枯病有两个明显的发生与流行时期:(1)小麦出苗到返青期;(2)小麦植株拔出第三个茎节(日平均气温在10℃以上)到成熟。返青后地上部症状消失,出现发病停滞期。病害的消长与小麦生育有密切关系。 施肥种类、小麦密度、降雨、土壤水分、日照等影响小麦纹枯病发生与流行程度。施入氮肥、油饼肥及大量农家有机肥料,密植等使植株生长茂密,发病重。适宜的土壤含水量,成株期降雨量多、雨日多、日照少,是加重纹枯病发生和流行的重要气象因子。     

小麦重大病虫害发生流行的气候影响评价

 为分析评价气候变化对小麦重大病虫害发生流行的影响,揭示全球变暖趋势下异常气候条件对病虫害时空演替和发生规律的作用机制,通过收集整合20个中国冬小麦主产省(区、市)经规范连续、广泛系统的测报调查所获得的病虫害发生数据,对应2009-2010冬小麦生育期间气候特点和极端气候事件,与历史常规年份的病虫害发生状况和气候条件进行比较.结果表明,在该生长季,由于初冬强降温、春季持续低温以及西南麦区秋冬春三季连旱等异常天气气候条件的影响,小麦重大病虫害发生时期推迟,其中条锈病扩展流行范围小、发生轻,纹枯病和白粉病扩展流行范围广、发生中等,麦蜘蛛等前期虫害发生较轻,赤霉病、蚜虫等穗期病虫害发生严重.从而得出,影响不同种类病虫害发生流行的关键时期、关键气象因子有所不同,这为病虫害预测预报分类指导和关注重点提供了依据;为做好预测预报、评估气象灾害对病虫害发生的影响,应做到“大小兼顾、长短结合,分类关注、抓住关键”.     

石河子冬小麦生长阶段与气象服务要点分析

小麦是新疆的主要粮食作物,北疆沿天山一带的石河子垦区,是冬、春小麦兼种区,安集海至石河子市沿线一带冬季积雪形成早且稳定,适合种植冬小麦,冬小麦的种植,不但提高了小麦的单产,而且又改善了面粉的品质。乌兰乌苏农业气象试验站长期以来一直开展气象和农业气象观测,并为安集海片区各农牧团场的农业生产提供气象服务。根据多年观测冬小麦的发育期特点来分析农业气象条件对冬小麦生长发育和产量形成及品质的影响,总结冬小麦主要发育期的气象服务要点,为高产、优质、高效农业提供更好的气象服务。     

中国作物填图——冬小麦潜在分布

作为一个发展中国家,中国面临着巨大的粮食安全问题.中国作物填图一冬小麦潜在分布是中国作物填图的重要组成部分,实现中国冬小麦潜在分布图的绘制,缓解中国粮食压力.运用CropMap系统的概念和原理,收集环境条件数据和冬小麦生长相关数据,以GIS为主要技术手段,建立起区域气象、地形、土壤等空间数据库.借助基于GIS的多标准评价(MCE),得到冬小麦潜在分布图.冬小麦在中国适宜分布区为:河南,江苏(上海),辽宁,山东,天津,陕西,四川,北京,重庆,吉林,宁夏安徽,云南,山西,黑龙江,河北,贵州,湖北,台湾,甘肃.全国最适宜种植区域的面积约374257 km2;较适宜种植的面积约1659270 km2;中等适宜种植的面积约2983960 km2.中国冬小麦潜在分布图与冬小麦实际种植区的符合度相当高,可以用来指导政府的宏观调控和农民的投资方向,消除在农业投资上的盲目性,提高投资收益.     

秦州区小麦白粉病发生流行规律及其监测预报因子分析探讨

近年来，小麦白粉病在秦州区呈加重趋势，已上升为影响小麦安全生产的重要病害之一。对小麦白粉病进行及时准确的监测预报，是科学指导大田防治，抗灾保产的关键。通过对十多年来病害发生流行规律的总结及其流行因子的分析，提出了秦州区小麦白粉病的监测预报应以春季温度、雨量、日照为主导因子，以越冬菌源基数及冬温、积雪等为辅助因子。     

淮阴小麦赤霉病发病原因及防治

小麦赤霉病是典型的气候型病害,其流行程度主要取决于三个方面的因素,即气候条件,菌源数量和感病期及其吻合程度,其中,气候条件是决定流行与否的主导因素,另外还受品种抗性及栽培生态环境及管理措施等因素影响。扬花期是小麦最易感病的生育期,扬花期遇连阴雨有利于病菌侵入,灌浆期遇连阴雨有利于病害扩展,小麦抽穗扬花期高温、多雨、高湿、寡照是造成小麦赤霉病流行的主要原因。防治对策主要是加强预警、选育品种、田间管理、喷药防治。了解和认识小麦赤霉病的发病症状,流行规律及危害性,对今后做好小麦赤霉病预报和防治工作具有积极意义。     

基于MaxEnt模型的青钱柳潜在适宜栽培区预测

【目的】 青钱柳是集药用、材用和观赏价值于一身的多用途树种。通过应用贡献率、置换重要值比较以及Jackknife检验等综合分析方法,评价制约青钱柳现代地理分布的主要因子,可为青钱柳资源的科学保护和合理利用提供理论依据。【方法】基于183个青钱柳地理分布记录和8个气候环境因子数据,采用MaxEnt模型软件对青钱柳潜在适宜分布区进行预测,并在此基础上划分适宜栽培区。【结果】采用MaxEnt模型预测青钱柳潜在适宜分布区准确度极高,受试者工作特征曲线下的面积(AUC值)达0.964±0.006。目前,青钱柳高度适宜分布区为浙江南部、福建西北部、安徽南部、湖北东部、江西东部和西部、湖南东部和西部、贵州东部、重庆东部、陕西南部和四川东北部; 随着未来气温的升高,青钱柳有向高纬度和高海拔地区迁移的趋势。【结论】 影响青钱柳分布的主要气候因子是温度,包括年均温、季节温度变异系数和平均日温差,其中年均温为最主要因子。     

开发区经济增长要素分析及发展建议 ——基于苏南、苏中、苏北的面板证据

依据江苏省各地区所有开发区数据,利用面板数据从苏北、苏中、苏南三个角度,检验影响开发区经济增长的主要因素,通过对比分析得出三个地区在发展方式上的异同以及各影响要素对不同地区经济增长的贡献率。结果表明,自主创新和开放水平能够大力带动江苏省所有地区的开发区经济,苏北的发展要义在于加大环境保护力度,苏中的发展重点在于提高集约水平,苏南的发展模式较为成熟,应着重提高管理水平。     

农民的“知心平台”--记滨州市农业信息化平台

今年6月2日，滨州市高新区小营潘家村村民彭吉昌家小麦麦穗干枯现象严重，非常着急。一个电话后，滨州市农业局信息中心及时组织农技站副站长和植保站副站长奔赴该村进行现场出诊。经现场调查和诊断，该村民种植的小麦麦穗干桔为小麦赤霉病所致，赤霉病病株率占到2％左右，同时还伴有白粉病发生，周边大约100亩小麦都有不同程度发生这两种病害。     

开发区经济增长要素分析及发展建议 ——基于苏南、苏中、苏北的面板证据

依据江苏省各地区所有开发区数据,利用面板数据从苏北、苏中、苏南三个角度,检验影响开发区经济增长的主要因素,通过对比分析得出三个地区在发展方式上的异同以及各影响要素对不同地区经济增长的贡献率。结果表明,自主创新和开放水平能够大力带动江苏省所有地区的开发区经济,苏北的发展要义在于加大环境保护力度,苏中的发展重点在于提高集约水平,苏南的发展模式较为成熟,应着重提高管理水平。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.