日本落叶松人工林密度效应的研究

用18a连续测定资料，对不同密度中幼龄日本落叶松人工林生长情况进行了分析研究，结果表明：密度对林分平均树高生长有一定影响，但没有明显的规律，差异不显著；林分的平均胸径和单株材积随密度的增加而减少，其中胸径在1－6a差异不显著，10－14a差异达极显著水平；林分蓄积量则随密度的增加而增大，各密谋间存在显著差异，8－14a差异极显著。     

中亚热带日本落叶松生物量、生长量研究

对日本薄叶松生物量,生长量进行了研究,结果显示,日本落叶松各组分生物量分配：干＞根＞枝＞叶,林分生物量大,为53176.784kg/hm^2,林分生产力高,为4090.52kg/hm^2.a生长迅速,速生期为6－18年,为早期生长优势树种,数量成熟龄在35年以后。有较强的生态适应对策,为中亚热带高海拔山地主要用材树种杉木的理想替代种。     

硬头黄竹地上生物量分配特征及模型构建

【目的】探究硬头黄竹不同龄级、径级地上生物量分配特征,建立全竹龄和不同竹龄地上单株及各器官生物量模型,准确估算硬头黄竹的林分生物量。【方法】选取了硬头黄竹全径级(1.0~7.0 cm)分布的1、2、3年生硬头黄竹各50株,测定各器官和总生物量。采用11种常用生物量模型,分别对硬头黄竹全竹龄和不同竹龄地上单株和各器官生物量进行拟合,筛选最优生物量拟合方程,并应用模型估算不同龄级、径级林分总生物量。【结果】硬头黄竹地上竹秆、竹枝、竹叶生物量占比分别为84.82%、10.84%、4.34%;不同龄级单位面积林分总生物量差异显著,竹龄为1、2、3 a竹生物量占比分别为31.92%、47.15%、20.93%;4.6~5.5 cm径级各器官和总生物量显著高于其他径级,占林分生物量的62.60%。11种生物量模型均可以较好地模拟硬头黄竹地上单株及各器官生物量;优选出全竹龄硬头黄竹地上单株和各器官生物量模型6个,不同竹龄的硬头黄竹地上单株和各器官生物量模型19个(1 a的6个、2 a的7个、3 a的6个)。【结论】硬头黄竹不同龄级、径级各器官生物量占比均为竹秆>竹枝>竹叶,林分生物量主要集中在2龄级、4.6~5.5 cm径级的竹株。全竹龄和不同竹龄地上单株与各器官生物量拟合模型中幂函数的拟合效果最优,其次是多项式函数和指数函数;地上单株与竹秆生物量模型拟合效果受胸径、株高的影响较大,竹枝、竹叶生物量模型拟合效果与胸径关系更密切。全竹龄硬头黄竹地上单株和竹秆生物量模型拟合效果均优于不同竹龄的模型,不同竹龄硬头黄竹地上竹枝、竹叶生物量模型拟合效果均优于全竹龄模型的。     

基于林分及地形因子的落叶松人工林林分生物量模型构建

【目的】落叶松在我国东北地区广泛分布，是重要的造林和用材树种，具有生长速度快、耐寒等优点。为了准确地估算落叶松人工林林分生物量，构建了落叶松林分可加性生物量模型。【方法】以落叶松人工林为研究对象，基于黑龙江省的304块人工落叶松固定样地数据，采用非线性似乎不相关回归的方法建立了可加性生物量模型系统，使用留一交叉验证法对建立的模型进行检验。【结果】林分断面积和林分平均高对树干、树枝、树叶和树根生物量模型有显著影响，林龄和海拔也显著影响林分树干、树叶、树根生物量；坡率和坡向对树枝生物量有显著影响。树叶生物量与林分平均高、林龄和海拔呈显著负相关，树干与树根生物量则与之呈显著正相关，树枝生物量与林分平均高呈显著正相关。在所建立的可加性生物量模型中，调整后决定系数(R_adj²)均在0.94以上，均方根误差(RMSE)较小。检验指标平均误差(MPE)和平均误差百分比(MPE%)均接近0，拟合指数(I_F)均大于0.93，平均绝对误差(MAE)较小，且平均绝对误差百分比(MAE%)均小于11%。【结论】建立的落叶松人工林可加性生物量模型...     

基于3-PG模型的长白落叶松人工林生长和生物量模拟

【目的】模拟预测森林经营及气候变化下长白落叶松人工林林分生长及生物量变化,以期为长白落叶松人工林经营管理提供科学依据。【方法】以吉林省和龙、舒兰、通化、汪清、长春林区内15块长白落叶松人工林固定样地为对象,基于气候、土壤、林分生长等观测数据,运用3-PG模型模拟了研究区内长白落叶松的生物量及其分配,并模拟了CO_2浓度升高对生物量的影响。【结果】3-PG模型能够较好地模拟林分蓄积和干生物量的生长变化,除叶生物量外(R~2=0.39),各指标的预测值与实际值的相关性较高(R~2在0.62~0.86之间),平均相对误差和相对均方根误差均小于15%。参数敏感性分析表明:土壤肥力等级和生物量分配参数是该模型的关键参数。研究还发现长白落叶松人工林的生物量随CO_2浓度升高而增加。【结论】3-PG模型可以用于长白落叶松人工林的生长模拟。     

日本落叶松人工林抚育间伐起始期的研究

日本落叶松人工林抚育间伐开始期的选定，将直接影响其后期生长，通过对试验地调查并选取标准木进行树干解析，用两种不同的方法，从不同的角度对日本落叶松进行了抚育间伐开始期的确定，分析不同起始期对林分生长的影响，结果表明：间伐合理起始期可以通过分析林木胸径连年生长量情况来确定；初植密度高，间伐合理起始期提前，反之，推迟；超过合理间伐起始期会抑制林木生长。     

林分密度和起源对不同年龄序列巨尾桉人工林生长及生产力的影响

通过分析6种林分密度和2种林分起源下1～7 a生巨尾桉(Eucalyptus grandis×E.urophylla)人工林的林分平均树高、胸径、单株材积和每hm²蓄积量的总生长量、平均生长量和连年生长量，探索一定密度范围内巨尾桉的最适林分密度和起源方式，揭示林分密度和起源对林木生长和生产力的交互影响特征，为提高巨尾桉人工林培养质量和可持续经营提供理论参考.结果表明：1)随着林龄的增加，平均树高、胸径和单株材积的增长幅度逐渐减小，而每hm²蓄积量增幅在造林后期有所提高，4 a时达到数量成熟；2)各林龄下，随着林分密度的增加，平均树高、胸径和单株材积总生长量减小，超过2 a时林分密度1 050株/hm²的总生长量显著(P<0.05)高于其他林分密度，每hm²蓄积量则在1 800株/hm²下显著高于其他林分密度；3)植苗林的生长和生产力显著高于萌芽林，1 050和1 650株/hm²适合植苗林的树高、胸径生长和单株材积积累，1 800株/hm^2...     

湿地松抚育间伐技术及林分收获

针对湿地松的生长特性，在8年、12年、16年生湿地松人工林中布设不同间伐强度试验林，研究闻伐对林木生长质量的影响。结果表明：间伐对林木生长和林分质量具有一定的促进作用，其中对幼龄林的促进作用明显大于中龄林；随着间伐强度增大，较大径阶立木株数比例随之增加；湿地松人工林首次间伐宜在12年生之前进行，保留900～1100株／hm^2。两次问伐的间隔期以8年左右为宜；以培育大中径材为目标的大龄林分应以弱度调整为主，保留600株／hm^2。     

浑河上游4种典型林分类型枯落物持水特征

对浑河上游4种典型林分类型的枯落物持水特性进行了研究。结果表明:枯落物总蓄积量的大小依次为日本落叶松人工林(21.89 t/hm2)、辽东栎天然次生林(18.58 t/hm2)、核桃楸阔叶混交林(15.03 t/hm2)、冷杉针阔混交林(14.38 t/hm2);枯落物最大持水量的大小依次为日本落叶松人工林(55.93 t/hm2)、辽东栎天然次生林(50.42 t/hm2)、核桃楸阔叶混交林(37.84 t/hm2)、冷杉针阔混交林(35.84 t/hm2);枯落物有效拦蓄量大小依次为日本落叶松人工林(42.72 t/hm2)、辽东栎天然次生林(39.09 t/hm2)、核桃楸阔叶混交林(27.41 t/hm2)、冷杉针阔混交林(25.94 t/hm2)。基于日本落叶松人工林和辽东栎天然次生林均有较高的枯落物蓄积量和较高的持水和拦蓄降水能力,在今后的水源涵养林建设时,宜选用日本落叶松、辽东栎为主要树种营造各种混交林。     

台湾桤木林分生物量与营养元素的分布

对福建省来舟林场引种的 1 4年生台湾桤木人工林生物量及 9种营养元素的含量、积累、分配和生物循环的研究结果表明 ,( 1 )林分总生物量为 2 85 .8t/hm2 ,其中乔木层占 93.2 4 % ;林分净初级生产力为 36.0 5t/(hm2 ·a) ;( 2 )台湾桤木单株林木营养元素含量以根瘤、叶和果实为较高 ,不同元素平均含量的大小顺序依次为 :Ca,N ,K ,Mg ,Fe,P ,Mn ,Zn ,Cu;( 3)林分营养元素的积累总量为 481 3.5 4kg/hm2 ,地上部分和地下部分各占 83.4%和 1 6.6%。林分年吸收量、归还量、存留量分别为 1 1 81 .48、646.61和 5 34.87kg/(hm2 ·a) ;( 4 ) 9种元素的循环系数、利用系数和周转期分别为 0 .2 5～ 0 .64、0 .2 3～ 0 .69和 3.96～ 9.7a     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to