激光视觉机器人焊接中同时标定摄像机和手眼关系的方法

摄像机和机器人手眼标定是视觉机器人应用中的重要组成部分。针对激光视觉机器人焊接,根据机器人手眼矩阵和机器人末端对基坐标系的位姿矩阵的特定关系,提出了一种同时标定摄像机和机器人手眼的方法。用所设计的标定物对此方法进行标定试验,由非线性最小二乘优化法求解待标定的参数。从焊缝上取20个样点,利用标定结果恢复其三维空间坐标,并与实际三维坐标对比,平均误差为0.12mm,满足焊缝跟踪要求。     

机器人定点变位姿手-眼标定方法

在自由度冗余的机器人末端连杆上安装激光位移传感器可实现灵活的非接触测量。针对该机器人的手-眼标定问题,提出了一种定点变位姿标定方法(FPDP)方法。该方法采用多次改变机器人位姿对同一点进行测量,并利用机器人运动学方程和最小二乘原理,快速计算机器人末端坐标系与激光位移传感器坐标系的齐次变换矩阵。基于此标定方法,实现了机器人对凹坑深度的测量。实验结果表明,定点变位姿手-眼标定方法有效、快速,可用于三峡水轮机叶片蚀面检测。     

双E型膜弹性体六维力传感器静态标定及其性能分析

六维力传感器的静态标定是其在智能机器人应用中准确测量的前提,以双E型膜弹性体六维力传感器为例,设计了静态标定试验,测试了6路静态标定数据,计算并分析了其静态性能指标;并通过采用最小二乘方法进行拟合,得到了维间耦合关系斜率矩阵﹒这是六维力传感器通过耦合分析来进一步提高精度的必要途径﹒     

基于工业机器人工具参数标定的研究与实现

本文介绍了工业机器人工具坐标系标定的六点法,该方法实现了工业机器人工具坐标系的精确标定。工业机器人工具坐标系的标定,就是确定工具坐标系相对于工业机器人末端坐标系的齐次转换矩阵,由此计算出工具的位姿参数。根据此算法进行标定结果和实际工具参数对比,精度达到了±0.3mm以上。实际的应用试验表明该方法是一种操作简便、精度较高的系统工具参数标定方法,能完全满足工业上实际应用的要求。     

激光视觉机器人焊接中摄像机和手眼的同时标定

摄像机和机器人手眼标定是视觉机器人应用中的重要问题.文中针对激光视觉机器人焊接的具体应用系统,提出了一种同时标定摄像机和机器人手眼的方法.该方法依据机器人手眼矩阵和机器人手爪对基坐标系位姿矩阵之间的特定关系,进行一次标定实验而同时求解出摄像机参数和机器人手眼关系矩阵.此方法简单、实用、快捷,避免了传统方法复杂的实验和解答过程.计算结果表明,标定精度能满足机器人焊缝跟踪的应用要求.     

冶炼机器人位姿标定及运行可靠性

对冶炼用CS-1双臂工业机器人现场使用中的位姿标定及运行可靠性进行了研究．提出了一种简便有效的现场标定计算模型和标定方法对机器人进行位姿标定,由标定变换矩阵补偿同一测点的实际值和计算值的误差,可同时减少机器人定位误差和由臂杆几何参数偏差所引起的运动误差,显著提高需进行连续路径控制的机器人的现场定位精度和位置跟踪精度．此外,提出了用增加机器人现有硬件的冗余功能和设置敏感器件的替代功能以提高机器人现场运行可靠性的方法．实践证明,该方法能提高恶劣环境下易失效部件的可靠度,进而提高机器人的整机使用性能     

一种机器人多维光纤光栅力传感器

为实现机器人腕部等结构的多维力传感测量,提出了一种多维光纤光栅力传感器,其弹性体结构主要由2个圆环及4个弓形梁构成,并将光纤光栅分别贴于弓形梁上以实现多维传感.同时,对传感器的理论计算模型及传感原理进行推导,采用有限元分析软件对其弹性体进行力学仿真分析.为进一步分析传感器的基本特性,搭建实验平台并进行了传感器的标定实验.结果表明:所提传感器能准确、有效地完成多维力传感测量,在压力载荷作用下具有良好的线性、重复性和一致性,且灵敏度较高、稳定性较好、抗干扰能力强,能够在恶劣环境下使用.     

三向力传感器标定算法的实验研究

为研究三向力传感器标定算法的有效性,设计一种非对称结构的三向力传感器,并对该传感器采用单向加载的方式进行大样本标定实验,将实验数据代入标定算法,得到该三向力传感器的标定表达式.再对传感器多次进行空间任意方向力加载,记录加载力大小和方向角,将加载时的三个应变输出代入三向力传感器标定表达式,得到标定结果.通过将标定结果与实际加载值进行比较,得出三向力传感器的标定误差.实验结果表明:该三向力传感器标定算法具有一定的标定精度.     

计算机辅助外科中手术与计划空间标定以及视觉空间的误差校正

计算机辅助外科(CAS)系统中,多空间集成在一起,为了提高系统的操作精度,需要有效的标定方法校正空间之间的误差.利用机器人上特征在导航系统中视觉空间的运动误差,建立视觉空间与机器人空间的映射关系,递归校正两空间之间的局部转换矩阵.利用局部转换矩阵建立优化方程,求取全局最优转换矩阵.该方法对所有动态、静态误差进行校正.针对手术与计划空间中存在的耦合误差,利用设计的特殊结构力传感器和标定块解耦标定其误差,并根据求取的转换矩阵,调整计划空间中对象的位姿,保证计划空间与手术空间中的对象位姿一致.实验结果表明,动态标定方法可以使视觉空间中的全局误差减少到5个像素,力控标定方法可以使位置误差减小到0.25mm,姿态误差减小到0.1°.     

基于中心压力判据的双足步行机器人稳定性研究

本文首先对中心压力判据进行了研究,然后根据双足步行机器人实验平台的实际情况,经过简化,得到了一种双足步行机器人离线动作稳定性的判别方法,并进行了基于位姿矩阵的数学建模。同时通过在机器人脚底加入力传感器的方法,设计了一种简化的在线稳定性判别方法,并将以上两种判稳性检测方法应用到了实际机器人的控制当中。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.