烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

氧化锌矿物浸出渣中铅、锶的提取及动力学分析

NH₄HCO₃ conversion followed by HCl leaching was performed and proven to be effective in extracting Pb and Sr from zinc extracted residual. The mechanism and operating conditions of NH₄HCO₃ conversion, including molar ratio of NH₄HCO₃ to zinc extracted residual, NH₄HCO₃ concentration, conversion temperature, conversion time, and stirring velocity, were discussed, and operating conditions were optimized by the orthogonal test. Experimental results indicate that NH₄HCO₃ conversion at temperatures ranging from 25 to 85°C follows the shrinking unreacted core model and is controlled by inner diffusion through the product layer. The extraction ratios of Pb and Sr under optimized conditions reached 85.15% and 87.08%, respectively. Moreover, the apparent activation energies of Pb and Sr were 13.85 and 13.67 kJ·mol?1, respectively.     

摩擦焊接碳钢（EN24）和镍基高温合金（IN718）的显微组织和力学性能

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.     

汽车暴露面板带有表面条状缺陷的夹杂物分布特征分析:一种定量电解方法

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface. A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology, size, composition, quantity, and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone of automobile exposed panel. The Al₂O₃ inclusions were observed to be aggregated or chain-like shape along with the sliver defect of about 3–10 μm. The aggregation sections of the Al₂O₃ inclusions are distributed discretely along the rolling direction, with a spacing of 3–7 mm, a length of 6–7 mm, and a width of about 3 mm. The inclusion area part is 0.04%–0.16% with an average value of 0.08%, the inclusion number density is 40 mm?2 and the inclusion average spacing is 25.13 μm. The inclusion spacing is approximately 40–160 μm, with an average value of 68.76 μm in chain-like inclusion parts. The average area fraction and number density of inclusions in the non-defect region were reduced to about 0.002% and 1–2 mm?2, respectively, with the inclusion spacing of 400 μm and the size of Al₂O₃ being 1–3 μm.     

在酸性溶液中加压氧化三价砷离子和二价铁离子

The co-oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) in acidic solutions by pressured oxygen was studied under an oxygen pressure between 0.5 and 2.0 MPa at a temperature of 150°C. It was confirmed that without Fe(II) ions, As(III) ions in the solutions are virtually non-oxidizable by pressured oxygen even at a temperature as high as 200°C and an oxygen pressure up to 2.0 MPa. Fe(II) ions in the solutions did have a catalysis effect on the oxidation of As(III), possibly attributable to the production of such strong oxidants as hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and Fe(IV) in the oxidation process of Fe(II). The effects of such factors as the initial molar ratio of Fe(II)/As(III), initial pH value of the solution, oxygen pressure, and the addition of radical scavengers on the oxidation efficiencies of As(III) and Fe(II) were studied. It was found that the oxidation of As(III) was limited in the co-oxidation process due to the accumulation of the As(III) oxidation product, As(V), in the solutions.     

采用超声组装与滚压工艺制备铝–碳纳米管复合材料

This study introduced a novel fabrication of aluminum–carbon nanotube (CNT) composites by employing bulk acoustic waves and accumulative roll bonding (ARB). In this method, CNT particles were aligned using ultrasonic standing wave in an aqueous media, and the arrayed particles were precipitated on the aluminum plate substrate. Then, the plates rolled on each other through the ARB process with four passes. Optical and scanning electron micrographs demonstrated the effective aligning of CNTs on the aluminum substrate with a negligible deviation of arrayed CNTs through the ARB process. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the developed composites showed no peaks for carbon and aluminum carbide. In addition, tensile tests showed that the longitudinal strength of the specimens processed with aligned CNTs was significantly greater than that of the specimens with common randomly dispersed particles. The proposed technique is beneficial for the fabrication of Al–CNT composites with directional mechanical strength.     

活化天然矿石选择性还原二氧化碳为无定形碳

Natural magnetite formed by the isomorphism substitutions of transition metals, including Fe, Ti, Co, etc., was activated by mechanical grinding followed by H₂ reduction. The temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H₂-TPR) and temperature-programmed surface reaction of carbon dioxide (CO₂-TPSR) were carried out to investigate the processes of oxygen loss and CO₂ reduction. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the stability of spinel phases and oxygen-deficient degree significantly increased after natural magnetite was mechanically milled and reduced in H₂ atmosphere. Meanwhile, the activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction into carbon were enhanced. The deposited carbon on the activated natural magnetite was confirmed as amorphous. The amount of carbon after CO₂ reduction at 300°C for 90 min over the activated natural magnetite was 2.87wt% higher than that over the natural magnetite.     

科学理性的价值考量

理性是科学的内核，科学是理性的外现。通过回顾科学理性的历史演变以及对其进行概念的厘定，进一步展现了科学理性自身的合理性和非自足性缺陷，并以此为突破口，引入价值判定的标准。科学技术和主体性的异化，植根于理性的独断化，它主要表现为科学主义的误区和科学万能论的乌托邦悲剧。对科学理性的价值考量、追问科学理性的德性归宿已经提上历史日程，并昭示着21世纪人类努力的方向。     

重大事件对城市发展影响研究综述

重大事件对城市在促进当地社会经济发展,提高举办城市的知名度方面具有重要影响。具体地体现在以下八个层面：城市整体发展、城市空间、城市规划和建筑设计、城市经济社会发展、城市生活、城市公共管理、提升城市形象与城市国际化。     

红皮洋葱新品种"西葱1号"与生产技术

本文介绍了红皮洋葱新品种“西葱1号”的选育过程、品种主要特征特性、高产配套栽培技术和种子生产的技术要点。     

论古典文献学的结构模式及其意义

如果以后现代主义的视角，审视、嫁接、改造中国的传统文献学理论，就应当把古典文献学定义为：运用传统的与现代化的各种方法和技术手段，研究古典文献的特点与类型以及搜集、整理、保存古典文献的规律的一门学科。以此为逻辑主线，构成古典文献学体系的四部分主体内容，即古典文献的特征与类型、古典文献的搜集与利用、古典文献的整理与编纂、古典文献的保存与保护。这一结构模式至少具有四方面的意义。     

语气副词"明明"的多角度分析

常规的词典对语气副词“明明“的解释都是通过近义词和它出现的句法环境来说明,这样的解释过于简略,特别是在对外汉语教学中很难让留学生真正掌握其意义和用法.通过对“明明“出现的语义环境、句法环境以及它所传达的语气等方面来对它进行多角度的分析,从而使该词有更细致理性的使用规则.     

甘肃少数民族地区健身模式主因素研究

为了能够更加清晰地反映甘肃少数民族地区全民健身的整体情况 ,通过对体育生活各个组成因素进行分析研究 ,共筛选出体育生活认知、生活负荷、生活形式、生活空间、生活内容、生活消费、生活生成、生活制约源和生活心态 9个构成模式的主因子 ,它们与各个变量共同组成了甘肃少数民族地区全民健身的模式     

西部人文资源与人文精神

西部大开发在文化方面存在一个显著的矛盾，即西部人文资源与人文精神相对贫弱的矛盾。如何解决这一深层次矛盾，本文认为，在人文教育中要注意挖掘西部丰富的人文资源中蕴含的人文精神，以此来教育学生，影响社会，在人文科学研究中要在市场经济和东西文明互融互补的大背景下构建西部自身的特殊文化体系；要注意人文精神的普及弘扬；要处理好人文教育与宗教信仰的关系。     

论中国共产党进入社会主义后的基本执政规律

社会主义是中国人民走向共同富裕的必由之路，中国共产党是中国社会主义事业的核心领导力量。党必须始终做到权为民所用、情为民所系、利为民所谋．不断密切与群众的血肉联系，使党成为立党为公、执政为民、以人为本的执政党；党必须不断改进执政方式、完善执政方略，使党成为科学执政、民主执政、依法执政的执政党；党必须珍惜和培育执政的合法性资源，在执政实践中，对指导我们思想的理论基础既要坚持又要发展，对我国社会主义基本制度既要坚持又要完善，在推进发展这个党执政兴国的第一要务时既要加快又要全面，使党成为与时俱进、求真务实、为民造福的执政党；党必须坚持以改革的精神加强党的建设，在党的自身建设上既要全面推进又要重点提高执政能力，使党成为政治坚定、勤政高效、清正廉洁的执政党。     

对北京学基本理论的初探

从北京学产生的时代背景,北京学的学科体系位置,北京学的科学概念,研究对象,研究任务,研究范围以及研究方法等方面,对北京学的基本理论进行了初步的探讨,提出了由自然环境与人类聚落所构成的地方综合体的概念。     

行反正交矩阵的中心对称性

给出行反正交矩阵的概念,并着重研究它的中心对称性,得出了以下主要结果:行反正交矩阵是行列对称矩阵;行反正交矩阵是中心对称矩阵;行反正交矩阵的转置矩阵以及它的行转置和列转置矩阵都是中心对称矩阵;行反正交矩阵的行转置矩阵的逆矩阵等于它的逆矩阵的行转置,行反正交矩阵的列转置矩阵的逆矩阵等于它的逆矩阵的列转置;行反正交矩阵的行转置矩阵的转置等于它的转置矩阵的行转置,行反正交矩阵的列转置矩阵的转置等于它的转置矩阵的列转置。