SO2对低温NO催化氧化活性的增强效应

研究了SO2对NO催化氧化过程的影响，考察了SO2存在前后γ-Al2O3及其负载NiO催化剂对NO的氧化活性，发现在较低温度（150℃）反应时，在较长一段时间内SO2对NO氧化有促进作用，同时运用BET，XRD，固体酸测定及TPD等方法，比较了SO2处理前后载体及催化剂的结构和性能，并对SO2的增强效应提出了看法。     

SO_2对NO催化氧化过程的影响 I.载体的作用

研究了载体在 SO2 影响 NO催化氧化过程中的作用 ,考察了反应温度为 42 3 K时 ,γ-Al2 O3、Zr O2 、Ti O2 和 Si O2 4种载体及其负载的 Pt催化剂对 NO的氧化性能 ,与 SO2 存在下的 NO反应活性相比 ,只有 γ-Al2 O3及其负载的 Pt催化剂上存在 SO2 促进 NO氧化的现象。运用 BET、XRD、IR及固体酸度测定等多种表征手段 ,对不同载体在反应前后的化学结构和表面性质进行了分析 ,并与反应过程相联系 ,证实 SO2 的吸附改变了γ-Al2 O3的表面结构 ,有利于产物 NO2 的脱附 ;而对 SO2 吸附能力较弱的其他载体或催化剂 ,SO2 的影响则不同     

SO2对NO催化氧化过程的影响Ⅰ. 载体的作用

研究了载体在SO2影响NO催化氧化过程中的作用，考察了反应温度为423K时，γ-Al2O3、ZrO2、TiO2和SiO24种载体及其负载的Pt催化剂对NO的氧化性能，与SO2存在下的NO反应活性相比，只有γ－Al2O3及其负载的Pt催化剂上存在SO2促进NO氧化的现象。运用BET、XRD、IR及固体酸度测定等多种表征手段，对不同载体在反应前后的化学结构和表面性质进行了分析，并与反应过程相联系，证实SO2的吸附改变了γ－Al2O3的表面结构，有利于产物NO2的脱附；而对SO2吸附能力较弱的其他载体或催化剂，SO2的影响则不同。     

SNOX法催化脱除模拟烟气中NO○x及SO2实验研究

为了实际考察SNOX方法的工艺条件对烟气中NO○x及SO2的催化脱除效果,针对NO○x的催化还原反应,采用浸渍法制备CuO/γ-Al2O3催化剂,考察了反应温度、空间速度、n(NH3)/n(NO○x)、SO2浓度对NO○x转化率的影响;针对SO2催化氧化反应,采用筛选出的V2O5催化剂,实验考察了反应温度、空间速度、n(O2)/n(SO2)对SO2转化率的影响.以实验研究成果为依据,进行了反应动力学计算.研究结果表明,在实验确定的最佳工艺条件下,NO○x还原率可达87.5%,经两级氧化SO2的转化率达94.3%.     

催化剂载体γ-Al2O3上NO对SO2的氧化吸附

通过研究催化剂载体γ-Al2O3在423K吸附温度和不同气氛(有氧和无氧)下NO和SO2的吸附曲线、吸附量，以及漫反射红外光谱(DRIFTS)分析，探讨了低温下在γ-Al2O3上NO对SO2的氧化吸附的影响．研究表明，低温下在γ-Al2O3上NO对SO2氧化吸附有促进作用，γ-Al2O3晶格氧直接参与了NO促进SO2氧化的反应,NO促进SO2氧化吸附的机理是：γ-Al2O3吸附NO形成的表面螯合亚硝基与邻位弱吸附的Al-O-SO2发生表面反应，使弱吸附的Al-O-SO2氧化生成稳定的SO4^2-，并产生氧空位，放出NO，气相中的氧补充氧空位生成晶格氧，使表面反应得以继续进行。     

CoMgAlO催化剂对烟道气中SO2和NO的吸附性能

采用共沉淀法和浸溃法制备CoMgAlO催化剂，并于常压下氧化吸附烟道气中的SO2和NO．结果表明，两种方法制备的催化剂对烟道气中的SO2和NO均具有良好的氧化吸附效果，且共沉淀法制备的催化剂优于浸渍法．文中同时探讨了焙烧温度、活性组分添加量和吸附温度等对吸附效果的影响．当焙烧温度为550℃、Co含量为10％（质量分数）、吸附温度为120℃时，由共沉淀法制备的催化剂对SO2和NO的吸附量最大，1g催化剂能同时吸附1．36mmolSO2和0．223mmolNO．     

共融盐Cs_2SO_4·V_2O_5催化剂上碳烟颗粒的催化氧化

采用软化学法合成了一系列Cs2SO4与V2O5不同摩尔比、具有低共熔点的Cs2SO4.V2O5共融盐,在热分析仪上确定了其共熔点,通过程序升温氧化实验考察了该共融盐催化剂在碳烟颗粒消除中的催化性能,重点研究了催化剂与碳烟颗粒间的接触模式,以及NO,SO2对催化剂性能的影响.结果表明:当Cs2SO4与V2O5的摩尔比为0.55∶0.45时,Cs2SO4.V2O5共融盐具有最低共熔点,其与碳烟颗粒在接近真实使用情况的松散接触时具有最优的催化活性.该共融盐对碳烟颗粒氧化所表现的高催化活性,是由于在反应条件下碳烟颗粒在催化剂表面被充分润湿而提高了两者的接触程度所致.在反应气氛中,加入NO对该共融盐催化剂的活性没有影响;添加少量SO2会导致其催化活性降低,但与其他碳烟颗粒氧化催化剂相比,该共融盐催化剂表现出最优的抗硫中毒能力.     

K2O对V2O5-WO3/TiO2催化剂的中毒作用

实验室制备了V2O5-WO3/TiO2的脱硝催化剂,采用模拟中毒法,在此催化剂上负载碱金属氧化物K2O,通过BET,XRD,SEM等方法对微观结构进行表征.在SCR活性试验台上研究不同含量K2O对催化剂脱硝活性,N2O生成率和SO2氧化率的影响.结果发现:K2O对于催化剂的毒性较强,随着添加量的增大,NO脱除率急剧下降,SO2的氧化率大大提高;较大含量的K2O(nK/nV=1,摩尔比)使催化剂比表面积有所减少,催化剂颗粒发生轻微团聚,微观结构变化不大,但NO的脱除率小于50%(380℃),N2O的生成率和SO2的氧化率均增加;K2O通过与V2O5的活性酸性位结合,使催化剂中有效活性位数量大为降低,导致脱硝活性下降.     

功能区域化BaO-CuO-V_2O_5脱硫脱硝催化剂的性能

利用等体积浸渍法制备了BaO/AC催化剂,并在固定床反应器中考察了BaO/AC对SO2脱除和NO吸附的影响。实验表明,BaO有抑制SO2氧化、促进NO吸附的作用,随BaO担载量的增加,SO2的转化率逐渐下降,当担载量为10%(担载量即为BaO在半焦中的质量分数)时,转化率达到最低值;随BaO担载量的增加,NO的转化率增大,但当担载量大于20%时,转化率下降。通过浸渍-涂覆序列担载活性物方法制备了功能区域化脱硫脱硝催化剂,并对其进行EDS表征及脱硫脱硝活性测试。结果表明,在相同的反应条件下,所制催化剂比1%V2O5/AC催化剂有更高的脱硝活性和稳定性,EDS结果验证了催化剂颗粒壳层脱硝核芯脱硫的功能区域化效果,解决了传统催化剂脱硫影响脱硝的问题。     

La0.7K0.3Co0.5Fe0.5O3在SO2气氛下对柴油车尾气中NO去除性能的研究

本文采用柠檬酸络合法制备钙钛矿型催化剂La0.7K0.3Co0.5Fe0.5O3,通过固定床反应器对催化剂进行活性测试,考察钙钛矿型催化剂La0.7K0.3Co0.5Fe0.5O3在SO2气氛下对柴油车尾气中NO的去除性能,并利用BET、XRD、FT-IR、SEM等手段对反应前后的催化剂进行表征。结果表明：钙钛矿型催化剂La0.7K0.3Co0.5Fe0.5O3对NO有较高的催化活性,并且由于金属Fe的掺杂,提高了催化剂的抗硫性能。当SO2浓度不高于0.05%时,催化剂表现出较好的抗硫性能;当SO2浓度大于0.05%时,催化剂对 NO的催化活性明显下降。FT-IR、SEM等表征说明,在低硫浓度下,金属Fe的掺杂可以有效阻碍硫酸盐物种的生成和累积,但在深度硫化后,催化剂的活性仍会受到一定的影响。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.