基于Push-Sum的分布式Gradient-Free算法研究

【目的】提出了push-sum协议下的分布式gradient-free算法来求解一类有向网络的多智能体分布式优化问题。【方法】首先用Gaussian光滑化方法来逼近非可微函数,其次采用push-sum通讯协议考虑有向网络中的分布式gradient-free算法。【结果】分析了算法的收敛性,并得到了算法的收敛率为O(lnτ/τ),其中τ是迭代次数。【结论】数值例子表明了所提出的算法与对应的分布式次梯度算法具有相似的收敛性。     

时变网络拓扑图下智能电网中基于优化算法的分布式调度响应

就时变网络拓扑图下智能电网中基于优化算法的分布式调度响应问题进行了研究.利用原对偶方法将带有约束的智能电网优化问题转化为一个无约束的优化问题同时提出相应的求解算法.该算法允许不同发电机之间采用异构常数步长进行更新,同时给出了算法的收敛速度.理论推导表明文中所提出的算法能以线性收敛的速度达到该问题的最优解.     

无线多跳网络中SVC视频流传输的分布式优化方法

针对无线多跳网络承载多媒体服务所面临的可扩展性、能量有效性和服务质量保证的挑战,研究了多个可伸缩编码（scalable video coding,SVC）视频流在无线多跳网络中传输的分布式跨层优化问题.在分析网络资源分配约束和SVC视频内容自适应模型的基础上,把SVC视频的传输问题表达为一个视频质量和网络功率消耗的跨层权衡优化问题.基于对偶问题的可分解性和次梯度求解方法,提出了一个可分布式实现的SVC视频优化传输算法.该分布式算法避免了控制开销的全网传播,通过节点的局部信息交换和独立解决相应子问题,达到底层资源分配和上层SVC视频传输内容选择的最优匹配.仿真结果表明该算法可以快速收敛到最优解,并能实现SVC视频的平均传输质量和网络总功率消耗的最优权衡.     

带矩约束的二阶段分布式鲁棒优化

针对带有矩约束的两阶段分布式鲁棒优化问题,当随机变量的支撑集是多面体时,利用线性规划对偶、无穷维规划对偶、二次规划的Wolfe对偶等理论研究两阶段分布式鲁棒优化问题的等价可求解模型.在分布式鲁棒优化的决策变量服从线性决策和第二阶段中的右端项为随机变量两种不同的情形下,给出对应的两阶段分布式鲁棒优化均能等价转化为可用已有算法求解的二阶锥优化问题.     

基于Bandit反馈的分布式在线对偶平均算法

为解决梯度信息难以获取的分布式在线优化问题,提出了一种基于Bandit反馈的分布式在线对偶平均(DODA-B)算法。首先,该算法对原始梯度信息反馈进行了改进,提出了一种新的梯度估计,即Bandit反馈,利用函数值信息去近似原损失函数的梯度信息,克服了求解复杂函数梯度存在的计算量大等问题。然后,给出了该算法的收敛性分析,结果表明,Regret界的收敛速度为O(T~(max{k,1-k})),其中T是最大迭代次数。最后,利用传感器网络的一个特例进行了数值模拟计算,计算结果表明,所提算法的收敛速度与现有的分布式在线对偶平均(DODA)算法的收敛速度接近。与DODA算法相比,所提出算法的优点在于只考虑了函数值信息,使其更适用于梯度信息获取困难的实际问题。     

量化状态下Push-sum算法及分布式强凸优化

在时变网络图中,研究push-sum算法在量化情形下对于分布式优化问题的收敛情况,并且个体所持有的局部目标函数是强凸函数.基于算法本身的更新规则进行理论推导给出收敛分析.在一个多个体网络结构中,考虑每个节点之间只能交换量化过后的信息,采用均匀量化的方式进行探究.通过理论给出收敛性分析,并说明在量化情况下产生何种影响.经过证明得到每个节点的状态收敛到最优解附近.     

求解经济调度问题的分布式加速优化算法

【目的】研究一类分布式约束优化问题，其中无向网络中的节点旨在求解一系列局部凸代价函数之和的最小值，每个节点只能访问自身的局部凸代价函数且每个节点的状态同时遵循局部边界约束和耦合等式约束。【方法】提出一种新的分布式加速原对偶算法，该算法将两种动量项引入到分布式梯度跟踪并采用不协调的步长。【结果】假设代价函数为平滑且强凸的，在最大步长和最大动量系数足够小且为正的情况下，算法能够线性地收敛到最优解。【结论】通过智能电网仿真实例验证了算法有效且分析过程正确。     

基于随机加速对偶下降算法的分布式网络流量优化

传统的分布式网络流量优化问题大都通过对偶梯度下降算法来解决,虽然该算法能够以分布式方式来实现,但其收效速度较慢。加速对偶下降（accelerated dual descent,ADD)算法通过近似牛顿步长的分布式计算,提高了对偶梯度下降算法的收敛速率。但由于通信网络的不确定性,在约束不确定时,该算法的收敛性难以保证。基于此,提出了一种随机形式的ADD算法来解决该网络优化问题。理论上证明了随机ADD算法在不确定性的均方误差有界时,能以较高概率收敛于最优值的一个误差邻域;当给出更严格的不确定性的约束条件时,算法则可以较高概率收敛于最优值。实验结果表明,随机ADD算法的收敛速率比随机梯度下降算法快2个数量级。     

感知无线电网络中考虑节点数据延时的分布式功率控制算法

研究感知无线电网络中分布式功率控制问题.为保证对主用户的干扰低于阈值,提出一种节点本地估计和信息交换的策略,不需要中心控制节点和辅助测量节点.优化目标是在满足数据传输延迟约束条件下最小化节点的发射功率,并证明此功率控制是凸优化问题.基于拉格朗日对偶分解原理,构造了次梯度迭代的分布式算法,并证明了分布式算法的收敛性.计算...     

基于欧拉弹性能变分图像恢复模型的快速对偶投影算法

针对含欧拉弹性能的传统图像噪声去除变分模型,提出一种全新的快速的对偶投影算法.将原问题转化为简单的迭代优化加权总变差问题求解,并通过引入1个对偶变量和1个约束条件设计相应的对偶方法,且约束可通过投影计算.实验表明,所提出的方法在取得较高的峰值信噪比的情况下具有较高的计算效率.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…