壳聚糖/聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺温敏性珠状小球的药物释放研究

以一种天然高分子——壳聚糖和温敏性材料聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(PNIPAM)为基材,通过高分子半互穿交联网络技术,制备了一种环保型且具有温度敏感性的珠状小球材料.并以该材料作为药物控制释放载体,在模拟人体胃部pH酸碱环境下,分别在PNIPAM相转变温度以前及以后,研究了该材料对药物的控制释放行为,及其对温度的感应性能.     

聚谷氨酸及其衍生物在新型药物传输系统中的应用

聚谷氨酸是生物可降解的高分子材料,作为新型药物载体具有广泛的用途。综述了聚谷氨酸及其衍生物在改善药物的水溶性、降低毒性、控制药物释放以及提高药物靶向性等方面的研究,为药物新剂型的开发提供参考。     

药物从玻璃状高分子材料中的控制释放的数学模型

对药物从玻璃态高分子材料中扩散的机理进行了研究，将药物在高分子材料中扩散过程和溶剂在高分子材料中扩散过程中结合起来，同时考虑到溶剂的扩散引起材料粘弹性的改变，以及状态的改变对扩散的影响，最终得到一个刻画药物从不同状态高分子材料中扩散的模型，并且奇异摄动法进行了求解，所得结果与现有实验结果相符。     

热分析法在药物研究中应用的新进展

综述了热分析方法在药物研究中应用的一些新进展．它主要包括热机械方法和微区热分析法．热机械法是在程序控温下测量物质的机械性能的一种热分析方法,讨论了它在药用材料、药物的机械性能和药物控制释放等研究中的一些应用．微区热分析法是一种将扫描探针显微镜成像技术和热分析技术结合起来的新兴的热分析方法,讨论了它在药用高分子材料、多组分分析、多晶现象、药物剂型和药物控制释放等研究中的应用．     

药物纳米载体材料的研究进展

目的：介绍药物纳米载体材料的研究进展．方法：查阅相关的文献，进行归纳、整理．结果：药物纳米载体材料已由人工合成的高分子材料向生物相容性好的天然大分子物质发展．结论：随着药物纳米载体材料的不断开发，制备工艺的不断进步，纳米药物必将真正服务于人类．     

医用高分子载体材料

正医用高分子载体材料是医用材料的一大类,主要用于药物和生物活性物质(如多肽、蛋白质和生长因子、核酸、细胞等)的控释/传递系统,其研究内容主要包括:(1)新型医用高分子载体材料的拓展及研发。目前高分子载体材料主要分为天然高分子及衍生物和人工合成高分子材料。天然高分子材料以多糖类及蛋白质类为主,合成高分子材料包括聚酸酐、以聚乳酸为代表的脂肪族聚酯、聚磷酸酯、聚原酸脂等,此外还包括聚乙     

高分子药物研究进展

综述了高分子药物的研究进展，将高分子药物分为具有药理活性的高分子聚合物、高分子络合物药物、高分子微胶囊药物以及高分子载体药物4大类，并对其在药学上的应用进行了阐述．     

壳聚糖基水凝胶药物控制释放体系

水凝胶具有良好的亲水性,充分膨胀后具有与机体组织相似的物理性质,如柔软、有弹性、与生物液之间的界面张力低等。另外,水凝胶还具有孔径、机械强度和尺寸可调性等优点,适于作为药物控制释放的载体形式。壳聚糖是一种天然高分子材料,具有生物活性、良好的生物相容性、完全可降解性及无毒性等优点,是良好的药物控制释放载体材料。以壳聚糖为基材,通过物理方法或化学方法,可制备出pH敏感型、温敏型、光敏型等多种形式、不同性能的水凝胶。就壳聚糖基水凝胶的制备方法进行了详细地论述,包括通过物理作用形成水凝胶的方法及通过化学交联作用制备水凝胶的方法,探讨了壳聚糖基水凝胶对药物的担载和释放,并对其未来的发展前景进行了展望。     

药物从玻璃状高分子材料中控制释放的数学模型

对药物从玻璃态高分子材料中扩散的机理进行了研究 .将药物在高分子材料中扩散过程和溶剂在高分子材料中扩散过程结合起来 .同时考虑到溶剂的扩散引起材料粘弹性的改变 ,以及状态的改变对扩散的影响 .最终得到一个刻画药物从不同状态高分子材料中扩散的模型 .并用奇异摄动法进行了求解 .所得结果与现有实验结果相符     

高分子材料成型及其控制

本文叙述了高分子材料的发展历史和高分子材料成型的基本原理,以及高分子材料成型过程中的控制,并对高分子材料的发展趋势作了阐述,对于高分子材料成型技术的发展提出了一些建议.     

多糖类微凝胶的制备及其在缓控释给药系统中的应用

文章综述了淀粉、纤维素及右旋糖苷等3类多糖类微凝胶的制备方法及其在缓控释给药系统中的应用研究进展.多糖类微凝胶的制备方法主要有:物理法、化学共沉淀法、反相微乳液法、微乳-溶剂挥发法及全水相法等,其中不使用有害溶剂的全水相法最具发展潜力.多糖类微凝胶在药物缓控释、降低药物毒害性、提高药物的生物利用度等方面均显示出优势,已成功应用于胰岛素、布洛芬等多种药物的包载与缓控释.     

Controlled growth factor release from synthetic extracellular matrices

Polymeric matrices can be used to grow new tissues and organs, and the delivery of growth factors from these matrices is one method to regenerate tissues. A problem with engineering tissues that exist in a mechanically dynamic environment, such as bone, muscle and blood vessels, is that most drug delivery systems have been designed to operate under static conditions. We thought that polymeric matrices, which release growth factors in response to mechanical signals, might provide a new approach to guide tissue formation in mechanically stressed environments. Critical design features for this type of system include the ability to undergo repeated deformation, and a reversible binding of the protein growth factors to polymeric matrices to allow for responses to repeated stimuli. Here we report a model delivery system that can respond to mechanical signalling and upregulate the release of a growth factor to promote blood vessel formation. This approach may find a number of applications, including regeneration and engineering of new tissues and more general drug-delivery applications.     

Electrically erodible polymer gel for controlled release of drugs

New controlled drug-delivery systems are being explored to overcome the disadvantages of conventional dosage forms. For example, stimulated drug-delivery has been used to overcome the tolerance problems that occur with a constant delivery rate, to mimic the physiological pattern of hormonal concentration and to supply drugs on demand. Stimuli-sensitive polymers, which are potentially useful for pulsed drug delivery, experience changes in either their structure or their chemical properties in response to changes in environmental conditions. Environmental stimuli include temperature, pH, light (ultraviolet or visible), electric field or certain chemicals. Volume changes of stimuli-sensitive gel networks are particularly responsive to external stimuli, but swelling is slow to occur. As well as being useful in the controlled release of drugs, such systems also provide insight into intermolecular interactions. Here we report on a novel polymeric system, which rapidly changes from a solid state to solution in response to small electric currents, by disintegration of the solid polymer complex into two water-soluble polymers. We show that the modulated release of insulin, and by extension other macromolecules, can be achieved with this polymeric system.     

Designing materials for biology and medicine

Biomaterials have played an enormous role in the success of medical devices and drug delivery systems. We discuss here new challenges and directions in biomaterials research. These include synthetic replacements for biological tissues, designing materials for specific medical applications, and materials for new applications such as diagnostics and array technologies.     

P(MAA-co-AAm)/Fe_3O_4交联磁性复合微球的表征与药物释放研究

磁性高分子微球是利用微胶囊化方法,使有机高分子与无机磁性粒子Fe₃O₄结合起来形成的具有磁响应性的高分子微球.对以聚(甲基丙烯酸-co-丙烯酰胺)(P(MAA-co-AAm))为高分子基材、四氧化三体(Fe₃O₄)为磁性内核通过化学方法制备的 P(MAA-co-AAm)/Fe₃O₄磁性复合微球性能进行了表征.扫描电镜(SEM)照片显示,复合微球呈现明显的交联结构特征,分散性较好.将茶碱负载到P(MAA-co-AAm)/Fe₃O₄磁性交联复合微球上,对其药物释放情况研究表明,在pH值为7.4的碱性缓冲溶液及去离子水中茶碱释放速率较快,在8 h左右达到释放平衡; 而在pH值为1.4的酸性缓冲溶液中,茶碱的释放缓慢,表明P(MAA-co-AAm)/Fe₃O₄磁性复合微球有很好的pH值响应性.因此,载药交联微球在酸性胃液和碱性肠道液中能够自动调节药物释放速率,具有靶向药物释放效果,P(MAA-co-AAm)/Fe₃O₄交联磁性微球可做为靶向药物载体.     

Preparation and Characterization of Polymeric Micelles from Poly（D, L-lactide） and Methoxypolyethylene Glycol Block Copolymers as Potential Drug Carriers

Amphiphilic diblock copolymers composed of methoxy polyethylene glycol (MePEG) and poly(D,L- lactide) (PDLLA) were prepared for the preparation of polymeric micelles. The use of MePEG-PDLLA as drug carriers has been reported in the open literature, but there are only few data on the application of a se- ries of MePEG-PDLLA copolymers with different lengths in the medical field. The shape of the polymeric mi- celles is also important in drug delivery. Studies on in vitro drug release profiles require a good sink condi- tion. The critical micelle concentration of a series of MePEG-PDLLA has a significant role in drug release. To estimate their feasibility as a drug carrier, polymeric micelles made of MePEG-PDLLA block copolymer were prepared by the oil in water (O/W) emulsion method. From dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements, the size of the micelle formed was less than 200 nm. The critical micelle concentration of polymeric micelles with various compositions was determined using pyrene as a fluorescence probe. The critical micelle con- centration decreased with increasing number of hydrophobic segments. MePEG-PDLLA micelles have a considerably low critical micelle concentration (0.4-0.5 μg/mL), which is apparently an advantage in utilizing these micelles as drug carriers. The morphology of the polymeric micelles was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The micelles were found to be nearly spherical. The yield of the polymeric micelles obtained from the O/W method is as high as 85%.     

可挥发性有机化合物废气治理技术及其新进展

从经济学的一般均衡理论角度,分析了政府对食品安全进行监管的有效边界和稳定的均衡条件。需求和供给分析表明,食品安全监管的供给和需求存在一个合理的度,也就是说当食品安全监管供给边界曲线的斜率绝对值大于食品安全监管需求边界曲线的斜率绝对值时,食品安全监管便达到动态稳定均衡。     

固体颗粒诱导双亲分子自组装形成颗粒@囊泡复合体

固体颗粒可诱导两亲分子自组装形成囊泡及颗粒@囊泡复合体。该复合体在支撑双层膜的构筑、悬浮体的稳定、特殊结构材料的制备及药物输送-控释体系的构建等方面具有重要的应用前景,本文对此进行了综述。     

功能化石墨烯在生物医学研究中的应用

石墨烯以其独特的二维结构和优良的电学、光学、热学和机械性能,自2004年来倍受研究人员的高度关注,迅速成为材料、化学、物理和医学领域的热点研究课题.在简要介绍石墨烯基本情况的基础上,重点阐述了石墨烯在生物传感器、靶向给药中的应用.     

表面活性剂在药物制剂中的应用及其与药物分子之间的相互作用

近年来，表面活性剂及其缔合体系在药物载体方面得到了广泛的应用，药物载体中表面活性剂分子与药物分子之间的相互作用更受到人们的关注．本文介绍了表面活性剂应用于药物载体中引起的药物分子的溶解度、稳定性、生物活性、渗透能力等的变化，总结了药物载体中表面活性剂与药物分子之间相互作用，及其所引起的体系物理化学性质（如缔合体系相转变、表面活性剂溶液临界胶束浓度，以及溶液浊点等）的变化．这些性质的变化，对表面活性剂缔合体系作为药物载体具有重要的指导作用．