微观交通流中跟车模型的仿真研究

在研究跟随状态中车辆运行特性的基础上,提出了一种新的跟车模型.与传统的跟车模型相比,新模型考虑了车辆的长度,并将传统模型中的期望间距转换为期望车头时距,反映了后车速度对跟车状态的影响.采用实际道路上的车辆跟车数据,在Simulink环境下,对2种跟车模型进行了仿真分析,结果表明在一定程度上,由于考虑了更多实际情况,新模型优于传统模型.为了能反映车辆在实际中加速、减速以及不同跟车类型的差异性,给出了进一步改进新模型的方向.     

单车道手动-自动驾驶混合交通流仿真分析

随着汽车产业和交通行业的快速发展,智能交通取得了长足进步,尤其是在自动驾驶领域。为研究手动驾驶、ACC和CACC三类车辆独立存在时的单车道交通流运行特性,基于元胞自动机Nasch规则,引入Gipps安全间距和速度,分别构建跟车模型,通过数值仿真试验,分析混入ACC和CACC车辆对道路通行能力、行驶速度、行车间距、交通拥堵等运行特性的影响。研究表明：随着ACC和CACC车辆渗透率的增加,道路通行能力和车辆行驶速度不断提高;当道路仅由数量相等的ACC和CACC车辆驾驶时,通行能力可提升2.2倍,拥堵指数可降低60%,显著改善了交通运行;引入ACC和CACC车辆增大了手动驾驶车辆行驶时的跟车间距,而ACC和CACC车辆仍能以较小的间距保持较高的速度跟随前车,提高了道路空间资源利用率。     

交通仿真系统中的纯微观跟车模型

针对目前在交通仿真系统中的跟车模型忽略车辆个体性能差异的缺陷,提出了一种纯微观跟车模型,该模型以某一扫描时刻为基点,根据前、后车辆在当前时刻的状态,考虑前、后车的加减速性能,以后车“紧密”而又“安全”地跟随前车行驶为原则确定后车在下一扫描时刻的加速／减速度,纯微观模型更准确地反映了不同性能车辆跟车行为,而且具有模型标定相对容易、适用范围大的特点。     

基于三维模糊控制的车辆自适应巡航间距策略

为使纯电动汽车ACC系统更好地适应复杂多变的行车环境,本文提出了一种基于三维模糊控制的ACC间距策略。设计了一种双纵向PID控制器作为上层控制获得期望加速度;建立了车辆逆纵向动力学及电机模型计算电机输出转矩与制动压力,实现ACC系统下层控制。通过Simulink与Carsim联合仿真开展前车急加速、前车插入及平稳跟车工况试验,并与经典二维模糊控制进行对比。结果表明,所设计的间距策略能在安全间距下较好地跟踪前车,对各工况具备良好的适应性。     

基于单目视觉的车间TTC计算及追尾危险工况特征参数研究

为了研究车辆追尾危险工况的特征参数,本文针对最近五年来采集到的追尾危险工况数据进行特征参数提取和分析.首先利用单目图像信息,计算危险发生过程中车辆间的碰撞时间(TTC),然后对车辆正常跟车状态下TTC值、开始紧急制动时的速度、TTC值、制动减速度和最危险时刻TTC值等参数进行统计分析.实验结果显示,有95%的追尾危险发生在45km/h以下,驾驶员制动时产生的制动减速度均值为0.51g,驾驶员正常跟车时、开始制动时、最危险时的TTC值分别为2.9s,2.0s,1.0s.     

交通事故下高速公路行车安全评估

为了对高速公路交通事故条件下的行车安全作出合理评估,通过对交通事故下的变换车道行为进行分析,发现恰好满足不与前车追尾又不与后车相撞即临界条件下的变换车道行为更容易引发交通事故,故选取临界条件下的变车道行为即交通冲突作为交通事故下行车安全的评估指标;采用改进的换车道规则和NaSch模型的跟车规则进行车辆位置和速度更新,根据交通流状况采用相应的车辆到达规律,分别输入不同的大车比例和饱和度仿真参数,从而对交通事故下高速公路混合车流进行仿真。研究结果表明：不同的大车比例和饱和度下的交通冲突数反映了高速公路行车安全状态,据此将交通事故下高速公路行车安全等级划分为较危险、危险、安全、较安全4个等级;最终得出一种交通事故中车辆变换车道行为下的行车安全的评估方法。     

边缘标线影响跟车车距调节行为的结构方程模型

从驾驶员距离感知、速度感知以及碰撞估计等视知觉角度,研究了边缘标线对驾驶员跟车车距调节行为的影响.通过开展路上试验,采集真实车流数据,运用结构方程模型探索了多个因素影响跟车行为的交互因果关系.结果显示:边缘标线铺设角度、前车车型、时间频率以及碰撞时间均能显著增大跟车车头间距;这些因素引起的车头间距增大可能是由于它们会导致跟车减速度绝对值的增大(实际值减小);距离因素可以引起更强烈的危险性感知,并呈现为更显著的车头间距变化.本研究为减少追尾碰撞事故和提高道路交通安全水平提供了一种新的方法.     

基于RFID技术的安全跟车系统

为了提高行车安全性,基于RFID技术提出了一种安全跟车系统(SCFS).在此系统中,RFID标签部署在道路表面,为安装有RFID读卡器的车辆提供道路信息.系统根据标签中存储信息的时间特性,利用时间序列预测法,预测前车的行驶状态并估测两车之间的道路距离;结合当前行驶状态对车速进行适当调整,以保证行车安全.本文给出了3个系统性能评价指标,并进行仿真实验.结果表明,SCFS系统能够在不同跟车行驶状态下保证行车安全,避免追尾碰撞的发生.     

汽车最小行车时距计算模型的研究

以汽车紧急制动过程为基础，分析了在制动过程三阶段中速度、减速度、停车距离三参数的变化规律，由此推导出较直观的行车间距和行车时距的计算模型．计算结果较为理想．     

基于驾驶模拟器的车联网环境搭建及对驾驶行为的影响

为研究网联环境下车载设备对驾驶行为的影响,设计了车载终端人机交互界面,搭建了基于驾驶模拟仓的车、车通信环境,并开展模拟驾驶实验,采集了4个场景下车辆运行数据。通过对速度、加速度、跟车间距、超速驾驶员比例等驾驶行为数据以及人口学的统计分析,研究不同交通状态下,是否配备车载终端对驾驶行为影响的差异性。实验数据表明,实时提供前车运行状态的车载终端能够提高车辆运行效率和安全性。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.