中国河南西峡盆地晚白垩世的一枚保存有遗传信息的恐龙蛋…

从河南省西峡盆地晚白垩世的一枚恐龙蛋化石的蛋腔内含物中获得了含基因片段的ＤＮＡ序列，这枚蛋化石的蛋壳断面的显微结构与前人描述的恐龙蛋蛋壳显微结构的基本模式相同。完整的蛋壳及其下的次生方解石内壁封闭了蛋腔，蛋腔中含有ＤＮＡ的絮状内含物主要由纤维状坡缕石和无定形有机残余物组成，封闭的蛋腔内的缺氧状态可能阻止了生物分子降解，坡缕石因其复杂的破物结构可能吸附并保存了ＤＮＡ分子。本文还报道和讨论了这枚蛋化石     

中国河南西峡晚白垩世恐龙蛋化石基因分离及序列分析

从河南省西峡晚白垩世一枚恐龙蛋化石内腔絮状内含物及外壳提取ＤＮＡ样品，并用一段特异引物与６碱基随机引物进行ＰＣＲ扩增、基因克隆和序列分析。结果表明用这对引物从蛋腔絮状内含物样品中扩增到一段１５０ｂｐ的ＤＮＡ片段，推测氨基酸序列与ＥＭＢＬ库中已知蛋白质氨基酸序列进行了序列同源性分析，结果表明所克隆到的这段基因与非洲爪蟾表皮钙粘着蛋白（ｃａｄ－ｈｅｒｉｎ）前体及脑细胞粘着蛋白、牛及人胎盘胞钙粘着蛋白在氨基酸水平有显著的序列同源性，分别为４０．６％，３７．５％，３４．４％和３６．４％。     

深圳坪山新区恐龙蛋化石的发现及其地质意义

深圳市坪山新区境内出露了一套上白垩统至古近系古新统的紫红色、砖红色河湖相碎屑岩沉积。近期在这套地层下部的紫红色泥质砂岩中首次发现了成窝的恐龙蛋化石和大量的蛋化石碎片。简要报道这些蛋化石的初步研究成果,主要包括蛋壳的显微结构和矿物组分及初步分类学分析结果。深圳坪山新区产出的恐龙蛋化石由于其独特的地理位置、埋藏的地层层位以及蛋化石结构而显示出重要的地质意义,为研究白垩纪期间恐龙的迁移、古地理分布、演化以及地层划分和对比提供了极好的材料。     

吉兰泰的恐龙蛋

古生物工作者在内蒙古阿拉善戈壁草原吉兰泰盐池北部查汉敖包一带的白垩纪地层中,先后找到三窝恐龙蛋化石,共采集到完好的蛋化石二十七枚以及大量的蛋壳碎片。这批恐龙蛋形体别致,均呈球形,个体很大,最大的长径     

中国河南西峡晚白垩世恐龙蛋化石基因分离序列分析

从河南省西峡晚白垩世一枚恐龙蛋白石内腔絮状内含物及外壳提取ＤＮＡ样品，并用一段特异引物与６碱基随机引物进行ＰＣＲ扩增、基因克隆和序列分析。结果表明这对引物从蛋腔絮状内含物样品中扩增到一段１５０ｂｐ的ＤＮＡ片，推测氨基酸序列与ＥＭＢＬ库中书籍蛋白质氨基酸序列进行了序列同源性分析，结果表明所克隆到的这段基因与非洲爪蟾表皮钙粘着蛋白前体及脑细胞粘着蛋白、牛及人胎盘胞钙粘着蛋白在氨基酸水平有显著的序列同源     

中国河南西峡恐龙蛋化石中18SrDNA部分片段的克隆及序列…

本文从河南省西峡晚白垩世的一枚保存方式特殊的恐龙蛋化石中提取ＤＮＡ，经过＾３２Ｐ同位素标记和电泳分析，发现在蛋内腔的絮状物样品中确在ＤＮＡ片段存在。它们的大小约在１０００ｂｐ至几十ｂｐ之间，大多数片段在４００ｂｐ以下。用１８ＳｒＤＮＡ特异引物，以上述ＤＮＡ为模板进行了ＰＣＲ扩增，经电泳分析得到约２００ｂｐ的ＰＣＲ产物。经过连接、转化到大肠杆菌，最终筛选出６个阳性克隆。测序分析和同源性比较发现这６个     

中国河南西峡恐龙蛋化石中18SrDNA部分片段的克隆及序列分析

本文从河南省西峡晚白垩世的一枚保存方式特殊的恐龙蛋化石中提取ＤＮＡ，经过￣３２Ｐ同位素标记和电泳分析，发现在蛋内腔的絮状物样品中确有ＤＮＡ片段存在。它们的大小约在１０００ｂｐ至几十ｂｐ之间，大多数片段在４００ｂｐ以下。用１８ＳｒＤＮＡ特异引物，以上述ＤＮＡ为模板进行了ＰＣＲ扩增，经电泳分析得到约２００ｂｐ的ＰＣＲ产物。经过连接、转化到大肠杆菌，最终筛选出６个阳性克隆。测序分析和同源性比较发现这６个克隆的序列与两栖类、爬行类、鸟类及人类等的１８ＳｒＤＮＡ具有很高的同源性，但是与原核生物没有发现同源性，而且没有检索出与该基因完全相同的已知序列。     

恐龙蛋是如何孵化的?

正A:生活在远古时代的恐龙的生活,可以通过化石来开展研究。到目前为止,已经在世界范围内发现了恐龙蛋和恐龙蛋窝的化石,知道恐龙能够在各种各样的环境中产蛋筑巢。但是,我们一直不清楚恐龙是如何给蛋加热保温的。因为对于让恐龙蛋保温的热源和恐龙蛋窝的形态等信息在化石中基本没有保存。日本名古屋大学博物馆田中康平博士等通过研究恐龙     

西峡恐龙遗址园考察

2011年3月，我借工作之便前往河南省西峡县丹水镇考察了闻名世界的中国西峡恐龙遗迹园。位于园内的西峡恐龙蛋化石博物馆是目前国内唯·的蛋化石博物馆，珍藏着大量珍贵的恐龙蛋化石。这里既是一座得天独厚的恐龙蛋化石研究场所，也是生动直观的科普教育基地。     

恐龙蛋与遗传基因

不久前,我国科学工作者在一枚来自河南西峡县晚白垩纪恐龙蛋化石内首次发现了含基因片段的DNA(脱氧核糖核酸)序列。这一惊人的消息,通过新闻媒体迅速传遍神州大地,轰动了科学界。在这枚恐龙蛋内发现的DNAE分子真的是6.5千万年前就已灭绝的恐龙的遗传物质,还是别的什么,成为人们关心和议论的一个焦点问题。笔者读了这方面的研究论文和有关报道,觉得有些问题值得商榷。     

Dinosaur diversity during the transition between the middle and late parts of the Late Cretaceous in eastern Shandong Province, China: Evidence from dinosaur eggshells

The record of dinosaur eggs from the Upper Cretaceous Wangshi Group in eastem Shandong Province, China shows that the dinosaur species represented by elongatoolithids were present from the middle to the late Late Cretaceous, whereas those repre- sented by the dictyoolithids and spheroolithids became extinct in the middle Late Cretaceous and the new species represented by ovaloolithids appeared in the late Late Cretaceous. Estimated eggshell conductance of water vapor is over 4 to over 115 times higher in spheroolithids and the dictyoolithids than in elongatoolithids and ovaloolithids, indicating that eggs of the first two oofamilies required higher humidity during incubation. Based on the δ^18O record as preserved in eggshell, a change from relatively humid to relatively dry climatic conditions can be assumed to have taken place during the transition between the middle and late parts of the Late Cretaceous. It is reasonable to suggest that the change in climate was the cause of the dinosaur diversity.     

A new oofamily of dinosaur egg from the Upper Cretaceous of Tiantai Basin, Zhejiang Province, and its mechanism of eggshell formation

Here we describe new types of dinosaur eggs found from the Late Cretaceous Chichengshan Formation in the Tiantai Basin, Zhejiang Province. On the basis of such characters as small spheroid or near-spheroid, columnar layer composed of three zones, the outer zone consisted of stalagmite-like or coralliform secondary shell units, we established two new oogenera, one new and one combination oospecies: Stalicoolithus shifengensis oogen. et oosp. nov. and Coralloidoolithus shizuiwanensis oogen. et comb. nov. In addition, re-examination of the holotype of Shixingoolithus erbeni from the Upper Cretaceous Pingling Formation, Guangdong Province reveals that it was erroneously attributed to Spheroolithidae, and should be transferred to stalicoolithid. Consequently, we established a new oofamily: Stalicoolithidae oofam. nov. Stalicoolthids represents a new model of dinosaur eggshell and thus sheds new light on the formation and evolution of amniotic eggshells.     

Dinosaur eggs and dinosaur egg-bearing deposits （Upper Cretaceous） of Henan Province, China： Occurrences, palaeoenvironments, taphonomy and preservation

The Upper Cretaceous dinosaur egg-bearing deposits in Henan Province, central China are divided into three formations in ascending order: Gaogou, Majiacun and Sigou. The Gaogou Formation belongs to alluvial fan deposits containing the fossil dinosaur egg assemblage of Faveoloolithus, Dendroolithus, Dictyoolithus, Paraspheroolithus and Longiteresoolithus. The Majiacun Formation is interpreted as braided stream to meandering stream deposits with assemblage of Ovaloolithus,Paraspheroolithus,Placoolithus,Dendroolithus,Prismatoolithus, rare Youngoolithus and Nanhiungoolithus. The Sigou Formation is shallow lacustrine/palustrine to low-sinuosity river sedimentary rocks with assemblage of Macroolithus,Elongatoolithus, Ovaloolithus and Paraspheroolithus.To date, 37 oospecies, 13 oogenera and 8 oofamilies of dinosaur eggs have been distinguished. Autochthonous dinosaur eggs are preserved in the floodplain deposits, whereas allochthonous and parautochthonous dinosaur eggs are preserved in the alluvial fans. This suggests that river floodplains are the best environments for the preservation of numerous autochthonous dinosaur eggs. The preservation of most dinosaur eggs in brown to red calcic palaeosoils, muddy siltstones or mudstones suggests that the paleoclimate of the nesting area was semiarid. The presence of gray and green mudstone and coal layers, however, indicates that there existed an ephemeral subhumid climate during the middle and Late Cretaceous. It is suggested that such a climate was favorable for the development of meandering streams in a vegetated environment.     

7个山东地方品种鸡蛋品质的比较

测定了7个山东地方品种鸡所产的种蛋各15枚的蛋重、蛋密度、蛋形指数、蛋壳厚度、蛋黄色泽、蛋壳相对重、蛋黄相对重、蛋白相对重、蛋黄蛋白比、蛋黄指数、哈夫单位以及全蛋胆固醇含量等蛋品质的指标.结果表明:各品种鸡蛋的蛋黄指数、蛋密度、蛋黄含水量、蛋白含水量4个指标无显著差异(P>0.05);日照麻鸡蛋的蛋重、蛋白相对重2项指标均不同程度地高于其他6个品种鸡;鲁西斗鸡蛋的蛋形指数、蛋黄色泽、蛋壳厚度、蛋黄相对重、蛋黄蛋白比5项指标均不同程度地优于其他6个品种鸡;琅琊鸡蛋的哈夫单位不同程度地优于其他6个品种鸡,全蛋胆固醇含量不同程度地高于其他6个品种鸡;芦花鸡蛋的蛋壳相对重显著高于其他6个品种鸡;综合各项指标,从蛋品质改良的角度来看,日照麻鸡、鲁西斗鸡蛋品质较好.研究结果为进一步开发利用品种资源提供了参考依据.     

松针粉饲料喂养对鸡产蛋品质的影响

用含有5％松针粉和不含松针粉的饲料饲养海兰褐蛋鸡,对其所产鸡蛋进行品质对比研究.结果表明：松针鸡蛋在蛋重、蛋白重和蛋黄重等指标与普通鸡蛋相比有所增加,差异不显著（P＞0.05）;蛋壳重、蛋黄指数、水分含量有所下降,但差异不显著（P＞0.05）;蛋壳厚度、蛋形指数一致;在粗灰分和粗蛋白质含量上松针鸡蛋含量高,呈显著差异（P＜0.05）,特别是蛋黄颜色差异大,呈极显著差异（P＜0.01）,松针粉可以有效提高鸡蛋的品质和风味.     

Non-destructive crack detection of preserved eggs using a machine vision and multivariate analysis

Pidan or century egg, also known as preserved egg, is one of the most traditional and popular egg products in China. The crack detection of preserved eggshell is very important to guarantee its quality. In this study, we develop an image algorithm for preserved eggshell’s crack detection by using natural light and polarized image. Four features including crack length, crack state coefficient, maximum projection and angular point are extracted from the natural light image by morphology calculus algorithms. The support vector machines (SVM) model with radial basis kernel function is established using the four features with an accuracy of about 92%. The detection accuracy is improved to 94% by using a new characteristic parameter of crack length on polarization image. The Multi-information fusion analysis indicates the potential for cracks detection by a real-time synthesis imaging system.     

ICP-AES法测定鸡蛋壳中八种金属元素的含量

用等离子体发射光谱法,测定了不同鸡蛋壳中金属元素(Ca,Mg,Na,K,Mn,Fe,Cu,Zn)的舍量.实验结果表明,咯咯哒绿色鸡蛋蛋壳中锌含量最高,柴鸡蛋蛋壳中铁、钾、铜、钠、镁、锰的含量最高.     

黄嘴白鹭卵的重金属含量与分布分析

黄嘴白鹭(Egretta eulophotes)是全球性受威胁鸟类,是国家二级重点保护动物.实验采用微波消解和电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定比较了福建岛屿黄嘴白鹭卵内容物、卵壳和卵壳膜中铬(Cr)、锰(Mn)、镍(Ni)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)等7种重金属元素的含量.对去膜卵壳与带膜卵壳的7种重金属含量进行了差异性分析.结果表明,黄嘴白鹭去膜卵壳中含量最高的为Ni [(3.412±0.613) μg/g],卵壳膜和内容物中含量最高的均为Zn[(17.769±8.508) μg/g,(29.449±6.443) μg/g];3个部位含量最低的均为Cd[内容物最低(0.004±0.002) μg/g].除Mn元素外,其他元素在去膜卵壳、卵壳膜和内容物中的含量均有显著性差异,重金属主要富集在卵壳膜中.除Mn元素和Cd元素外,其余5种重金属元素在去膜卵壳与带膜卵壳中均存在显著性差异.上述结果提示,今后的相关研究报道中应注明受测卵壳是否带膜,以利于同类研究的正确比对.     

醋全蛋饮料的研制

采用醋酸从鸡蛋壳提取活性钙 ,利用木瓜蛋白酶将鸡蛋蛋白质水解成多肽和氨基酸 .通过正交试验 ,得出酶解的最佳条件为 :水解温度 5 5°C,水解时间 4小时 ,每 1 g鸡蛋木瓜蛋白酶用量 1 1 0 0 0 u,蛋白质浓度为 3g/1 0 0 m L.从鸡蛋壳提取活性钙的最佳条件为 :提取温度 45°C,提取时间 3小时 ,每 5 g鸡蛋壳醋酸量 0 .1 6mol,醋酸浓度 0 .66mol/L.并将水解产物调配成高钙的醋全蛋营养饮品     

Ca-, Al-rich refractory inclusions and Pt-metal nuggets in the Ningqiang carbonaceous chondrite

Petrography and mineral chemistry of Ca, Al-rich inclusions of Ningqiang carbonaceous chondrite are studied and the highly Re-Os fractionated Pt-metal nuggets in it is discovered. The refractory inclusions are classified into melilite-spinel-rich, and spinel-pyroxene-rich types. The former probably crystallized from melts, while the latter could be aggregates of the nebular condensates. The strong fractionation between Re and Os suggests a pro-solar origin of the Pt-metal nuggets, which probably experienced various processes of formation and evolution before being captured by the refractory inclusions as indicated by the depletions of W and Mo.