浇注温度对AlSi7Mg合金显微组织的影响

研究了不同的烧注温度对铸造AlSi7Mg合金凝固组织的影响。实验表明：当浇注湿度接近液相线温度时,AlSi7Mg合金中的初生α－Al凝固成球状或粒状,晶粒细小,分布均匀;获得球状或粒状AlSi7Mg合金半固态坯料的最佳浇注温度为615℃;在接近液相线温度下浇注,较快的合金溶体冷却速度、浇注引起的合金溶体流动和大范围的同时凝固促使AlSi7Mg合金形成球状或粒状的初生α－Al组织。     

电磁搅拌工艺参数对半固态AZ91D 镁合金组织的影响

研究了电磁搅拌工艺参数对半固态AZ91D合金组织的影响规律。结果表明：电磁搅拌条件下半固态AZ91D合金组织的固相颗粒为蔷薇状或粒状α—Mg，随电磁搅拌功率的增大，蔷薇状形态逐渐消失，固相颗粒形态趋于粒状和圆整；在实验范围内，随电磁搅拌电源频率的增大，半固态AZ91D合金组织中固相颗粒形态越来越圆整。这主要是由于电磁搅拌条件下半固态AZ91D合金组织的形成机理是以枝晶臂熔断为主，而在高频率下的电磁搅拌过程中，在搅拌室产生的集肤效应使得表面和中心出现宏观温度差，从而加强了固相颗粒随流场运动时的温度起伏，最终加速了枝晶的熔断。     

浇注长度对流变压铸AlSi9Mg组织及性能的影响

采用自制的倾斜流变装置制备半固态合金熔体并直接进行流变压铸,研究了浇注长度对半固态AlSi9Mg组织及性能的影响。结果表明:浇注长度对抗拉强度和伸长率影响较大,对硬度和冲击韧性影响较小。浇注长度为500 mm时,抗拉强度为290 MPa,延伸率为4.1%,硬度为77.9HBS,冲击韧性为0.72 kJ/m2。流变压铸后AlSi9Mg组织晶粒尺寸明显减小,形状明显圆整。浇注长度为500 mm时,流变压铸组织中的初生固相平均尺寸为7.1μm,形状因子为0.73。     

Refinement of primary Si grains in Al–20%Si alloy slurry through serpentine channel pouring process

In this study, a serpentine channel pouring process was used to prepare the semi-solid Al–20%Si alloy slurry and refine primary Si grains in the alloy. The effects of the pouring temperature, number of curves in the serpentine channel, and material of the serpentine channel on the size of primary Si grains in the semi-solid Al–20%Si alloy slurry were investigated. The results showed that the pouring temperature, number of the curves, and material of the channel strongly affected the size and distribution of the primary Si grains. The pouring temperature exerted the strongest effect, followed by the number of the curves and then the material of the channel. Under experimental conditions of a four-curve copper channel and a pouring temperature of 701℃, primary Si grains in the semi-solid Al–20%Si alloy slurry were refined to the greatest extent, and the lath-like grains were changed into granular grains. Moreover, the equivalent grain diameter and the average shape coefficient of primary Si grains in the satisfactory semi-solid Al–20%Si alloy slurry were 24.4 μm and 0.89, respectively. Finally, the refinement mechanism and distribution rule of primary Si grains in the slurry prepared through the serpentine channel pouring process were analyzed and discussed.     

AlSi7MgBe合金半固态坯料制备及其触变成形

采用近液相线半连续铸造技术制备AlSi7MgBe合金半固态坯料,研究制坯工艺以及二次加热温度和保温时间对半固态浆料微观组织的影响,通过组织与性能分析对AlSi7MgBe合金的半固态触变成形性进行了研究.研究结果表明,AlSi7MgBe合金采用近液相线半连续铸造,坯料具有均匀、细小的蔷薇状组织.当二次加热温度为595℃,保温15 min时,能够得到适合于进行半固态触变成形的球化组织.对近液相线半连续铸造AlSi7MgBe合金坯料进行半固态触变成形,可以获得轮廓清晰、组织致密的成形件,成形件的组织与性能得到改善,与液态模锻工艺相比,硬度提高20%.     

Preparation of semi-solid aluminum alloy slurry poured through a water-cooled serpentine channel

A water-cooled serpentine channel pouring process was invented to produce semi-solid A356 aluminum alloy slurry for rheocasting, and the effects of pouring temperature and circulating cooling water flux on the microstructure of the slurry were investigated. The results show that at the pouring temperature of 640-680℃ and the circulating cooling water flux of 0.9 m3/h, the semi-solid A356 aluminum alloy slurry with spherical primary α(Al) grains can be obtained, whose shape factors are between 0.78 and 0.86 and the grain diameter can reach 48-68 μm. When the pouring temperatures are at 660-680℃, only a very thin solidified shell remains inside the serpentine channel and can be removed easily. When the serpentine channel is cooled with circulating water, the microstructure of the semi-solid slurry can be improved, and the serpentine channel is quickly cooled to room temperature after the completion of one pouring. In terms of the productivity of the special equipment, the water-cooled serpentine channel is economical and efficient.     

充型速度对半固态A1Si9Mg组织及性能的影响

采用倾斜冷却剪切流变法制备半固态A1Si9Mg合金熔体,流变压铸标准力学性能试样并进行了力学性能测定,用定量金相技术对力学性能试样的初生固相微观组织特征参数(固相率、晶粒尺寸和形状因子)进行了分析,研究了充型速度对半固态AlSi9Mg合金组织及性能的影响.研究结果表明:随着充型速度的提高,AlSi9Mg合金组织的初生固...     

电磁场作用下半固态ZL201合金显微组织特征

利用电磁场对合金熔体的搅拌或振荡作用,研究了交流电磁场作用下的ZL201铝合金半固态流变浆料组织·结果表明,交流电磁场对ZL201铝合金显微组织有显著的细化作用,在液相线温度(650℃)附近,电磁场作用下的流变浆料组织为细小的近球形晶粒,优于不加电磁场的浆料组织,适用于半固态成形·交流电磁场所引起的熔体强制对流,使处于强烈温度起伏条件下的初生枝晶二次臂机械断裂或根部熔断,这是结晶核心增加,组织细化的原因·     

Microstructural evolution during reheating of A356 machining chips at semisolid state

The microstructural evolution of A356 machining chips in the semisolid state was studied at different temperatures and holding times. The results showed that the elongated α-Al grains first recrystallized in the semisolid state and then became globular with a high shape factor (SF). Both the temperature and the holding time clearly affected the grain size and SF. When the heating temperature or holding time was increased, the grain size and SF gradually increased and finally became stable. Moreover, the Vickers hardness of primary α-Al grains gradually decreased with increasing heating temperature. The optimal slurry for semisolid processing, with a good combination of grain size and SF, was obtained when the chips were held at 600℃ for 15 min. The semisolid slurry of A356 chips exhibited a lower coarsening rate of α-Al grains than those produced by most of the conventional semisolid processes. The coarsening coefficient was determined to be 436 μm3·s-1 on the basis of the linear Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner (LSW) relationship.     

电磁搅拌对弹簧钢60Si2Mn凝固组织的影响

利用金相观察了电磁搅拌对弹簧钢６０Ｓｉ２Ｍｎ凝固组织的影响情况,并讨论了形成机制。结果表明：在凝固过程中进行电磁搅拌,引起熔体的强烈流动,使液相区的温度场和溶质含量趋于均匀;凝固时奥氏体的一次臂生长速度减慢,消除弹簧钢６０Ｓｉ２Ｍｎ一次结晶组织中发达的柱状树枝晶层;     

Effects of Sr addition on the microstructures and mechanical properties of in-situ ZrB_2 nanoparticles reinforced AlSi9Cu3 composites

The effects of Sr addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of in-situ ZrB_2 nanoparticles reinforced AlSi9Cu3 composites synthesized via direct melt reaction were systematically investigated. The addition of Sr could modify the morphology of eutectic silicon particles and refine the second dendrite arm spacing of α-Al dendrites.Alternatively, the ZrB_2 nanoparticles were also refined and distributed more homogenously, and nanoparticle agglomerations were reduced with the addition of Sr element. The results demonstrated that the addition of 0.06 wt% of Sr element can reach the optimal refinement of the second dendrite arm spacing of α-Al and the modification of eutectic Si. In this case, the ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and elongation reached 330 MPa, 226 MPa and 15.70%, respectively, which were remarkably enhancement in comparison with the base alloy.     

铝合金表面脉冲电磁场对半连续铸造晶粒的细化

采用一种新型熔体表面脉冲电磁技术对7A04铝合金半连续铸造凝固组织细化处理,分析脉冲电磁场对凝固组织及性能的影响.引入势能的观点,探讨脉冲磁能作用下的晶体形核动力学及初生晶核运动形式.结果表明,经表面脉冲电磁场处理后,凝固组织由晶粒尺寸粗大的玫瑰结构转变为细小且圆整的球状结构,铸锭心部及边部晶粒尺寸分别下降22.7%和14.2%,强度、塑性均有提高.动力学分析认为,脉冲电磁能降低体系形核所需的临界吉布斯自由能是增加形核率的重要原因,同时可导致初生α-Al运动的势能增加,促使初生α-Al颗粒优先到达稳定位置.     

Investigation of rheo-diecasting mold filling of semi-solid A380 aluminum alloy slurry

The rheo-diecasting mold filling capacity and the microstructure of the semi-solid A380 aluminum alloy slurry were investigated. The results show that the mold filling capacity was strengthened with increasing pouring temperature or increasing injection pressure. Under certain process parameters, the mold cavity was fully filled. However, the mold filling capacity decreased with increasing holding time. The mold filling capacity was improved with increasing shape factor of primary α(Al) grains; however, the solid fraction and the grain size significantly increased at the same time. In addition, the microstructures along the route of the spiral samples obviously differed. The grain size decreased gradually from the near-end to the far-end, whereas the shape factor increased gradually.     

均匀化处理温度对6082铝合金组织和性能的影响

采用硬度、电导率测试、金相显微镜、X线衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜和能谱分析技术,研究均匀化温度对合金组织和性能的影响.研究结果表明:铸态合金由α-Al固溶体和非平衡共晶相组成;490～510℃均匀化,Mg2Si相从过饱和固溶体中析出,在510℃以上均匀化,随着温度的升高,Mg2Si又逐步回溶到基体中,560℃均匀化,Mg2Si相和过剩单质Si完全溶解;随着均匀化温度的升高,非平衡析出物鱼骨状共晶形态逐渐消失,针状β-AlMnFeSi溶解、断裂,转变为具有更高(Mn+Fe)/Si比值颗粒状α-Al(MnFe)Si相,析出相在高温均匀化过程中聚集、球化;560℃均匀化,析出物的连续网状结构转变成链状结构,析出物演化为等轴粒状α-Al(MnFe)Si相.均匀化过程中合金中析出弥散α-Al(MnFe)Si相;在490～560℃保温6h均匀化处理,温度升高,合金的硬度和电导率分别升高和降低.     

钢铁材料矩形坯半固态连铸机研制

针对低过热浇注、结晶器润滑、快速制备半固态浆料、非圆坯料与圆形注口的协调等矩形坯半固态连铸中的特殊问题,采用立式机型,用电磁搅拌与温度控制结合法制得半固态浆料,采用低压渗油终结晶器、连续变截面预结晶器等技术,设计了适用于钢铁材料的半固态连铸机.试用结果表明:采用预结晶器、终结晶器的双结晶器式结构可以方便实现半固态浆料的制备、运输和浇注成形,低压渗油技术可使终结晶器得到有效润滑.     

蛇形通道制备半固态A380铝合金浆料组织的演变

采用石墨质蛇形通道制备半固态A380铝合金浆料,并研究浆料制备过程中浆料组织的演变. 结果显示,合金熔体在蛇形通道内发生一次凝固,在其通道内壁的激冷和异质形核作用下形成大量的初生自由晶,半固态浆料的剩余液相在收集坩埚内发生二次凝固形成二次非枝晶. 初生晶粒的游离模型表明一部分初生自由晶直接生长为球晶,其他部分则成长为枝晶,枝晶在"自搅拌"的作用下发生缩颈和熔断,通过"自旋转"在蛇形通道内得到初步球化和熟化. 二次凝固形成的二次非枝晶在收集坩埚内得到初步球化和熟化,同时初生晶粒在收集坩埚内得到进一步球化、熟化和均匀分布.     

Thixo-forging and simulation of complex parts of aluminum alloy AlSi7Mg

In order to investigate the formability of metal material in semisolid state, a series of experiments were carried out by thixo-forging the complex part of aluminum alloy AlSi7Mg. Through changing the upper punch, aluminum parts with different upper-cup dimensions can be successfully produced. The numerical simulation was conducted for investigating the forming limits of AlSi7Mg during thixo-forging. It is found that the simulation result is in good agreement with the experiment one.     

生物医用Zn-5Al合金的微观组织与性能

研究了生物医用Zn-5Al合金的微观组织结构演化,探讨了其组织对力学性能的影响.对铸态、均匀化处理和轧制态Zn-5Al合金的微观组织进行了表征,分析了合金的相组成,测试了轧制态Zn-5Al合金的力学性能.结果表明:铸态与均匀化处理后的Zn-5Al合金的相组成均主要为η-Zn相和α-Al相,铸态合金组织片层间距约为300nm.均匀化处理过程中发生了共析反应,合金中的α-Al相由铸态的长条形演变为球形共晶组织.经过总变形率85%的热轧变形后,Zn-5Al合金的屈服强度和抗拉强度分别为98MPa和130MPa,断裂延伸率达到74%.     

La对AlSi10Cu0.2Mg0.2Mn和ZnAl12Cu1(Mg)铸造合金力学性能的影响

利用Al-La中间合金制备了AlSi10Cu0.2Mg0.2Mn-x La和Zn Al12Cu1(Mg)-x La铸造合金,考察了不同的La含量对合金组织和抗拉强度、伸长率、冲击强度等性能的影响.研究结果表明:微量稀土La可以细化合金的晶粒,改变Si相晶粒大小和形状.与未添加La的合金相比,含有微量稀土La的AlSi10Cu0.2Mg0.2Mn-x La合金和Zn Al12Cu1(Mg)-x La合金具有更优良的力学性能.当AlSi10Cu0.2Mg0.2Mn铸造合金中La添加量为0.15%(质量分数)时,铸造合金的伸长率增加2.7倍.含有0.1%(质量分数)La的Zn Al12Cu1(M g)-x La合金抗拉强度和伸长率相比于未添加稀土La的合金,分别增强1.3倍和3.2倍.含有0.3%(质量分数)La时Zn Al12Cu1(Mg)-x La的硬度增强1.8倍,但冲击强度是含有0.15%(质量分数)La时最高.综合考虑Zn Al12Cu1(Mg)-x La铸造合金的机械性能,稀土La的最优添加量为0.1%~0.2%(质量分数).     

Effects of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of SLMed Sc-modified AlSi10Mg alloy

The influence of heat treatments on the microstructures and mechanical properties of the selective laser melting manufactured AlSi10Mg alloy modified with Sc was systematically investigated. The results showed that the addition of Sc element introduced primary Al₃Sc, which increased the heterogeneous nucleation during the solidification of AlSi10Mg alloy, and then the ultrafine network eutectic structure was obtained, and hence the tensile strength was improved significantly (nearly 23 ​%). During the heat treatment process, the network eutectic structure transformed from continuous to discontinuous, and the grain refinement was weakened with an increasing heating temperature, both of which affected the mechanical properties of the Sc modified AlSi10Mg alloy. The tensile strength decreased from 438 ​± ​10 ​MPa for the Sc-modified alloy to 208 ​± ​6 ​MPa, while the fracture strain significantly increased from 6 ​± ​0.2 ​% to 30.2 ​± ​1.2 ​% when the Sc-modified alloy was heat-treated at 325 ​°C for 12 ​h. It has been found that the desirable microstructure and mechanical properties of SLM Sc-modified AlSi10Mg alloy can be realized by controlling the heat treatment process parameters.