Effect of Mn content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–6Li–4Zn-xMn alloys

The as-cast Mg–6Li–4Zn-xMn alloys were prepared and extruded at 280 ​°C with an extrusion ratio of 25:1. The effects of Mn content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–6Li–4Zn-xMn alloys were investigated in this study. The XRD results show that Mg–6Li–4Zn–xMn alloys consisted of α-Mg (hcp) ​+ ​β-Li (bcc) duplex structured matrix, MgLi₂Zn and Mn phases. The grains of the extruded Mg–6Li–4Zn–xMn alloys were refined by dynamic recrystallization during the extrusion process. The EBSD results show that the extruded alloys had basal textures. The grain size of the extruded alloys decreased while the basal texture was strengthened with the increasing Mn addition. The TEM results show that a large amount of nanoscale Mn precipitates existed in the extruded Mg–6Li–4Zn–1.2Mn alloy, which can effectively inhibit the dynamic recrystallized (DRXed) grains growth during the hot extrusion and is beneficial to the improvement of mechanical properties. Mg–6Li–4Zn–1.2Mn alloy in this research possesses the best mechanical properties with the ultimate tensile strength and yield strength of 321 ​MPa, 250 ​MPa, respectively.     

Effect of carbon addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of a typical hard-to-deform Ni-base superalloy

In this paper, the as-cast microstructure, microsegregation, and mechanical properties of GH4151 superalloys with a carbon addition were studied by scanner electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), differential thermal analyzer (DSC), and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD). The results show that the solid solution effect of carbon in alloys is limited, the addition of C from 0.01 to 0.08 ​wt% significantly refines the secondary dendrite spacing(SDAS) from 61.7 to 57.4 and 51.8 ​μm. Due to the influence of thermal solutal convection, the most severe segregation is found in the C-0.04 alloy, and the solidification ranges of C-0.01, C-0.04, and C-0.08 alloys are 87 ​°C, 96 ​°C, and 83 ​°C, respectively. Owing to the reduced solidification pores and formed finely dispersed carbides, C-0.04 shows excellent ultimate tensile strength (442 ​MPa) and superior total elongation (1.368%) at 1100 ​°C much better than that of C-0.01(130.7 ​MPa, 0.085%) and C-0.08(248 ​MPa, 1.026%).     

Ameliorating mechanical properties and reducing anisotropy of as-extruded Mg-1.0Sn-0.5Ca alloy via Al addition

Effects of Al addition to a Mg–Sn–Ca ternary alloy on its microstructure and tensile properties after extrusion were studied via extrusion of Mg-1.0Sn-0.5Ca-xAl (x ​= ​0, 0.8, 2.4 ​wt%) sheets and analysis of the extruded materials. The results showed that Al addition not only refined the grain size (from 9.8 ​± ​0.7 ​μm to 8.3 ​± ​0.4 ​μm and 7.6 ​± ​0.5 ​μm) but also accelerated the generation of more second phase (from 0.98 to 1.72 and 4.32%). Except for the CaMgSn and Mg₂Ca in Mg-1.0Sn-0.5Ca alloy, new phase (Mg, Al)₂Ca appeared after Al addition. The addition of Al into Mg–Sn–Ca alloy induced the textural variation from an initially ED-split double-peaked texture to a weakened texture, i.e., divergent elliptical texture, due to the effect of particle stimulated nucleation. This eventually contributed to the improvement of mechanical anisotropy as well as the higher Hc value and n-value. For the strain hardening behavior when tension along the TD, the prolonged stage Ⅱ of Al-modified alloys was closely connected with the additional TD textural components, accelerating the activation of more basal slip. The decreased θⅢ0 in stage Ⅲ of Al-modified alloys is beneficial to the grain refinement and the emergence of more second phase.     

Creep behavior and dislocation mechanism of Ni3Al based single crystal alloy IC6SX at 760°C

The creep behavior and dislocation mechanism of Ni₃Al-based single crystal alloys IC6SX with crystal orientation [001] which was prepared by seed crystal method under the testing conditions of 760 ​°C/500 ​MPa,760 ​°C/540 ​MPa and 760 ​°C/580 ​MPa were investigated. The experimental results showed that the creep properties, dislocation morphology and mechanism of this alloy were different under different stress conditions. With the stress increasing from 500 ​MPa to 580 ​MPa, the creep life decreased from more than 1000h to 32.64h. The cubic degree of γ′ phase in single crystal alloy decreased obviously and the size of γ′ phase increased. The mechanism of dislocation movement also changed with the increasing stress. It was found that after the specimen was tested under the condition of 760 ​°C/500 ​MPa the dislocation network prevented the movement of dislocations and it was difficult for dislocations to enter the γ′ phase from the γ/γ′ interface. When the stress was 540 ​MPa, the dislocations cut into the γ′ phase by stacking fault. Furthermore, with the stress increasing to 580 ​MPa, the dislocation entered the γ′ phase in the form of extended dislocation and Lomer-Cottrell dislocation.     

Mechanical behaviors of extruded Mg alloys with high Gd and Nd content

The influence of alloying elements and heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical behaviors of extruded Mg–Gd–Nd ternary alloys was investigated in this study. The grain sizes dramatically decreased after extrusion, and the particles which distributed in Mg matrix had great effect on the grain size. The grain sizes of extruded alloys decreased from 26 to 5 ​μm with the alloying content increasing. The mechanical test results show that both Gd and Nd had positive effect on the hardness, yield strength and Young's modulus. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) was enhanced by Gd content, decreased with Nd content. The elongation of alloys was lower with higher alloying elements. Those extruded alloys were aged for 200 ​h in 200 ​°C. The Young's moduli were decreased by ageing treatment. Combined with microstructure study, the part of the reinforcement which identified as Mg₅(Gd/Nd) was dissolved in Mg matrix. Nd element obviously has influence on the solubility of Gd in Mg alloys.     

Flexible free-standing polyaniline/poly(vinyl alcohol) composite electrode with good capacitance performance and shape memory behavior

The increasing demand for portable and flexible energy storage devices drives the development of flexible electrodes and electrolytes. The aim of this work is to fabricate the flexible free-standing polyaniline/poly (vinyl alcohol) (PANI/PVA) composite electrode with good capacitance performance and shape memory behavior. The electrodes were fabricated by chemical oxidation polymerization of aniline in porous PVA (P-PVA) films. The morphology, electrochemical and mechanical properties of PANI/P-PVA electrodes were studied by scanning electron microscope, cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge, and tensile test etc. The results revealed that the flexible PANI/P-PVA-1 electrode had good specific capacitance of 173.86 ​mF ​cm⁻² at 1 ​mA ​cm⁻², with the capacitance retention of 70.16% after 4000 charge-discharge cycles. Besides, it had excellent heat-induced shape memory effect. The fixed shape could completely recover to its original shape within 10 ​s at 80 ​°C, which is above the glass transition temperature (75.89 ​°C) of PANI/P-PVA-1. The comparatively tensile strength (2.86 ​MPa) and high elongation at break (315.72%) indicated its outstanding flexibility. Up to 200 times folding had no effect on the electrochemical properties. The free-standing polymer electrodes with excellent comprehensive performance provide potential applications in flexible energy-storage devices, electronic encapsulation and high stretchable electric devices etc.     

Effect of initial orientation on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ31 Mg alloy sheets via accumulated extrusion bonding

In this study, effects of initial orientation on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of AZ31 Mg alloy sheets via accumulated extrusion bonding (AEB) was systematically studied. The samples with RD and TD parallel to extrusion direction (ED) were labeled as RED and TED, respectively. RD and TD pieces alternately stacked was named as RTED. The results revealed that under three-dimensional compressive stress, {10-12} tensile twinning dominated the first stage deformation in container. As the plunger continuous press down, dynamic recrystallization (DRX) occurred, and the newly fine DRXed grains along original and twin grain boundaries gradually consumed the matrix and twin grains. The microstructure was completely transformed into recrystallized grain structure at sizing band with an average grain size of ∼0.9 ​μm in TED sample, smaller than that of RED sample. After the alloys extruded out of the die, DRXed grains significantly grew to ∼4.5 ​μm and 3.5 ​μm for RED and TED samples, respectively. A laminated microstructure was obtained with average grain sizes of∼4.4 ​μm in RD layers and 3.5 ​μm in TD layers for RTED sample. The AEB processed samples exhibited an ED-tilt double-peak basal texture with similar texture intensity. The tensile tests results indicated that attributed to the combined effect of grain refinement and texture evolution, the yield strength and fracture elongation of RED and TED samples was significantly improved. The heterogeneous microstructure in RTED sample induced an extra work hardening (HDI-work hardening) in tensile deformation and resulted in a further improved elongation of 32.0%.     

Near-microscopic grain boundary facilitates fatigue crack propagation in a polycrystalline Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy

In present study, grain characteristics with sizes within 10–30 μm were fabricated from a same Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy, FCP behaviors of the alloys with small grain(SG alloy), medium grain(MG alloy) and large grain(LG alloy)were investigated and related fatigue fracture morphology was analyzed. With the enhancement of stress intensity factor range(ΔK), the alloy with larger grains possessed faster FCP rate, which were successively arranged as SG alloy > MG alloy > LG alloy at initial stage while...     

选区激光熔化成形AlSi10Mg合金力学性能稳定性研究

采用选区激光熔化（selective laser melting，SLM）技术在X、Y、Z 3个成形方向上批量生产了AlSi10Mg合金棒状试样，热处理后对所有试样进行室温拉伸性能测试，并对屈服强度和伸长率等主要拉伸性能指标进行统计分析，研究采用SLM技术在X、Y、Z 3个方向成形的AlSi10Mg合金力学性能稳定性。研究结果表明：不同方向成形的试样经热处理后力学性能差异较小，伸长率和屈服强度均表现出较小的离散；各个方向成形试样的屈服强度和伸长率满足正态分布，并且在正态分布概率密度函数曲线中均表现出以均值为中心的较高程度的集中；采用SLM技术制备的AlSi10Mg合金，成形参数和热处理工艺控制得当时，可以有效地缓解力学性能的各向异性，使X、Y、Z 3个方向成形试样的力学性能具有较高的稳定性。     

La对AlSi10Cu0.2Mg0.2Mn和ZnAl12Cu1(Mg)铸造合金力学性能的影响

利用Al-La中间合金制备了AlSi10Cu0.2Mg0.2Mn-x La和Zn Al12Cu1(Mg)-x La铸造合金,考察了不同的La含量对合金组织和抗拉强度、伸长率、冲击强度等性能的影响.研究结果表明:微量稀土La可以细化合金的晶粒,改变Si相晶粒大小和形状.与未添加La的合金相比,含有微量稀土La的AlSi10Cu0.2Mg0.2Mn-x La合金和Zn Al12Cu1(Mg)-x La合金具有更优良的力学性能.当AlSi10Cu0.2Mg0.2Mn铸造合金中La添加量为0.15%(质量分数)时,铸造合金的伸长率增加2.7倍.含有0.1%(质量分数)La的Zn Al12Cu1(M g)-x La合金抗拉强度和伸长率相比于未添加稀土La的合金,分别增强1.3倍和3.2倍.含有0.3%(质量分数)La时Zn Al12Cu1(Mg)-x La的硬度增强1.8倍,但冲击强度是含有0.15%(质量分数)La时最高.综合考虑Zn Al12Cu1(Mg)-x La铸造合金的机械性能,稀土La的最优添加量为0.1%~0.2%(质量分数).     

Microstructure and elevated-temperature mechanical properties of dispersoid-strengthened Al-Mg-Si-Mn alloys produced by twin roll casting

The microstructure and elevated-temperature mechanical properties of dispersoid-strengthened Al-Mg-Si-Mn alloys produced by twin roll casting (TRC) and conventional mold casting (MC) were studied. A specific heat treatment at 430 ​°C for 6 ​h was applied, followed by rolling. Tensile tests were carried out at 300 ​°C. The results show that in the as-cast microstructures, equiaxed grains formed in the MC sample while elongated grains with substructures formed in the TRC sample. The eutectics in the TRC sample were much finer than those in the MC sample. Upon heat treatment, large numbers of α-Al(Fe, Mn)Si dispersoids precipitated, and the TRC sample had a greater number density of dispersoids than those in the MC sample. During the tensile test after rolling, the TRC samples exhibited higher strength than the MC samples, which resulted from the combination of the strengthening effect of the stronger dispersoids and the greater substructure hardening effect in the TRC sample; the TRC sample exhibited better ductility due to its finer initial eutectic than that in the MC sample, which depressed the stress concentration and delayed the occurrence of microcracks and fracture in the TRC sample.     

充型速度对半固态A1Si9Mg组织及性能的影响

采用倾斜冷却剪切流变法制备半固态A1Si9Mg合金熔体,流变压铸标准力学性能试样并进行了力学性能测定,用定量金相技术对力学性能试样的初生固相微观组织特征参数(固相率、晶粒尺寸和形状因子)进行了分析,研究了充型速度对半固态AlSi9Mg合金组织及性能的影响.研究结果表明:随着充型速度的提高,AlSi9Mg合金组织的初生固...     

Effect of Al on microstructure and mechanical properties of as-extruded Mg–1Mn alloy sheet

The effect of Al addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of hot extruded Mg–1 Mn alloy sheet was investigated. The results revealed that the dynamic recrystallization was promoted by increasing Al content. The ultimate tensile strength and yield strength of the alloy increased with the increase of Al content. The Mg–9 Al–1 Mn alloy exhibited the highest strength, with tensile strength of 308 MPa, 307 MPa, 319 MPa, yield strength of 199 MPa, 207 MPa, 220 MPa and the elongation of 20.9%, 20.1%, 19.2% in 0°, 45°, 90°, respectively.The high strength was mainly attributed to the formation of fine dynamically recrystallized grains and large amounts of the second phase. The strengthening mechanism of the alloys was explained.     

Renewable isosorbide-derived poly(phosphoester) for simultaneously enhanced flame-retardancy and mechanical property of polylactide

Incorporating flame retardant fillers is the most efficient way to improve the fire resistance of polylactide (PLA). However, most flame retardant fillers result in deterioration of the mechanical property of PLA so far. Therefore, to create high-performance PLA materials combining excellent flame retardancy with superior mechanical properties remains highly attractive and challenging. In this study, a novel isosorbide-derived poly(phosphoester) (PIDI) was synthesized and used as a bio-based flame-retardant for PLA. The addition of PIDI showed a marginal effect on the change of the glass transition temperature of the PLA composites, but the crystallinity degree of the PLA composites was improved by the inclusion of PIDI. Benefitting from the improved crystallinity, the tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact strength of PLA composite containing 15 ​wt% PIDI was enhanced by 19.4%, 14.1%, and 36.9%, respectively, compared to the virgin PLA. With the addition of 20 ​wt% PIDI, the PLA composite showed an LOI value of 25.5% and a UL-94 V-0 rating in the vertical burning test. The flame retardant effect of PIDI was also demonstrated by a notable reduction (−46%) in the peak heat release rate (PHRR) of PLA composite containing 20 ​wt% PIDI. Such a renewable isosorbide-derived poly(phosphoester) is one of the promising candidates for PLA bio-composites with an outstanding balance between flame retardancy and intrinsic physical properties.     

Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of a large-sized ingot of Mg-9Gd-3Y-1.5Zn-0.5Zr (wt%) alloy after a lower-temperature homogenization treatment

In this paper, a large-sized ingot of Mg-9Gd-3Y-1.5Zn-0.5Zr (wt%) alloy with a diameter of 600 mm was successfully prepared by the semi-continuous casting method. The alloy was subsequently annealed at a relatively low temperature of 430℃ for 12 h as a homogenization treatment. The microstructure and room-temperature mechanical properties of the alloy were investigated systematically. The results show that the as-cast alloy contained a mass of discontinuous lamellar-shaped 18R long-period stacking ordered (LPSO) phases with a composition of Mg₁₀ZnY and an α-Mg matrix, along with net-shaped Mg₅(Y,Gd) eutectic compounds at the grain boundaries. Most of the eutectic compounds dissolved after the homogenization treatment. Moreover, the amount and dimensions of the lamellar-shaped LPSO phase obviously increased after the homogenization treatment. The structure of the phase transformed into 14H-type LPSO with composition Mg₁₂Zn(Y,Gd). The mechanical properties of the heat-treated large-sized alloy ingot are uniform. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and tensile yield strength (TYS) of the alloy reached 207.2 MPa and 134.8 MPa, respectively, and the elongation was 3.4%. The high performances of the large-sized alloy ingot after the homogenization treatment is attributed to the strengthening of the α-Mg solid solution and to the plentiful LPSO phase distributed over the α-Mg matrix.     

Improving the tensile properties of extruded Mg–Ga alloy by ageing treatment

A hot-extruded Mg-5Ga alloy was subjected to ageing treatment at 150 ?°C, 190 ?°C and 230 ?°C. The microstructures and mechanical properties of the extruded and aged alloy were examined in this study. Microstructure examinations suggested that particle-shaped and rod-shaped Mg₅Ga₂ were precipitated in the alloy after peak ageing treatment. The extruded alloy showed the yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and elongation to fracture of 157.6 ?MPa, 248.6 ?MPa and 17.5%, respectively. After peak ageing, the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength can be enhanced by as much as 15.7% and 8.6% reaching 182.3 ?MPa and 270 ?MPa, respectively. The improvement of the tensile strengths is mainly attributed to the enhanced precipitation strengthening by newly formed fine Mg₅Ga₂ precipitates. The ductility of the alloy was slightly increased by peak ageing at low temperatures (150 ?°C and 190 ?°C), but remarkably decreased by peak ageing at high temperature (230 ?°C) due to the formation of coarsened Mg₅Ga₂ particles which easily initiated the cracks during tensile deformation.     

升温固溶对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金组织与力学性能的影响

研究了7075合金升温固溶处理过程．结果表明升温处理可使极限固溶温度高于多相共晶温度,同时能避免过烧组织的形成,有效强化了残余结晶相的固溶,显著提高了7075合金的力学性能．通过强化固溶,7075合金的断裂和屈服强度可达660MPa和606MPa．     

电池包用6061铝合金型材成分与挤压成型性关系

由于现有6061铝合金挤压成型性及力学性能较差，在实际生产中应用范围受限，通过改变合金成分开发新型6061铝合金，将Si的质量分数调整至国标上限0.73%～0.80%，Mg的质量分数调整至国标下限0.82%～0.90%，同时分别设计了多细晶元素（Mn+Cr的质量分数为0.40%）与少细晶元素（Mn+Cr的质量分数为0.14%）两种配比方式，分别命名为6061-A铝合金和6061-B铝合金。通过观察微观组织、测试力学性能、调整挤压速度，研究6061-A铝合金和6061-B铝合金的力学性能、挤压成型性。结果表明，6061-A铝合金挤压成型性更好，同时经（175±5）℃×8 h热处理后，型材屈服强度达到312 MPa，抗拉强度达到325 MPa，伸长率为9%，均高于标准要求。     

Effects of Sr addition on the microstructures and mechanical properties of in-situ ZrB_2 nanoparticles reinforced AlSi9Cu3 composites

The effects of Sr addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of in-situ ZrB_2 nanoparticles reinforced AlSi9Cu3 composites synthesized via direct melt reaction were systematically investigated. The addition of Sr could modify the morphology of eutectic silicon particles and refine the second dendrite arm spacing of α-Al dendrites.Alternatively, the ZrB_2 nanoparticles were also refined and distributed more homogenously, and nanoparticle agglomerations were reduced with the addition of Sr element. The results demonstrated that the addition of 0.06 wt% of Sr element can reach the optimal refinement of the second dendrite arm spacing of α-Al and the modification of eutectic Si. In this case, the ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and elongation reached 330 MPa, 226 MPa and 15.70%, respectively, which were remarkably enhancement in comparison with the base alloy.     

浇注长度对流变压铸AlSi9Mg组织及性能的影响

采用自制的倾斜流变装置制备半固态合金熔体并直接进行流变压铸,研究了浇注长度对半固态AlSi9Mg组织及性能的影响。结果表明:浇注长度对抗拉强度和伸长率影响较大,对硬度和冲击韧性影响较小。浇注长度为500 mm时,抗拉强度为290 MPa,延伸率为4.1%,硬度为77.9HBS,冲击韧性为0.72 kJ/m2。流变压铸后AlSi9Mg组织晶粒尺寸明显减小,形状明显圆整。浇注长度为500 mm时,流变压铸组织中的初生固相平均尺寸为7.1μm,形状因子为0.73。