南海表面海温异常对南海季风影响的数值模拟

采用P-σ混合坐标系区域气候模式模拟了4－7月南海季风的爆发、演变过程，并进行了3组敏感性数值试验，研究南海表面海温异常对南海季风的影响，得到以下结论：（1）南海4月份海温异常对南海季风的爆发日期影响不大，但对季风爆发后的强度有所影响，异常增温造成南海季风增强，异常降温则南海季风减弱。（2）南海季风爆发和强度的变化与南海本身的海温变化情况有密切的关系，尤其是5月份南海海温异常。5月份南海异常增温可以使南海季风提前爆发，季风增强，南海海温异常降低时，南海季风爆发的时间推迟，季风减弱。（3）南海海温持续异常可以影响南海及中国大陆的高低空环流变化，海温持续异常增温可以使南海季风提前爆发，显地加强南海季风，并有利于南海季风向北推进，但当海温在6月份进一步持续增温时，则有利于季风维持在较南地区，阻碍季风向北发展；当海温持续异常降低时，南海季风推迟爆发，且明显减弱。     

南海西南季风爆发的预测研究

利用多个气候场的主分量因子通过相关分析筛选 ,而后进行逐步回归预报。求得南海西南季风爆发的日期与高度场、海温场等因子场的主分量之间的联系。结果表明 ,南海夏季风爆发日期 (196 7- 1997)与上述主分量因子之间有较密切的关系 ,由 9个主分量因子组成的预报方程 ,通过α =0 0 1显著性检验 ,其方程复相关系数为 0 9392。其平均拟合误差为 2 896 ,试报 1998年南海北部和南部西南季风爆发的日期为第 135 6 9d (5月 16日 )和第 138 5 3d (5月 19日 ) ,与SCSMEX的观测结论 1998年南海北部夏季风爆发 (5月 17日 )的日期仅差 1d ,南海中南部夏季风爆发 (5月 2 5日 )的日期相差 6d。由此可见 ,利用相关和回归方法用因子场的主分量作为因子预报南海北部夏季风爆发的效果比较好 ,南部则相对较差。另外 ,研究发现南海北部夏季风爆发主要与海温场的影响有关 ,高度场对南海南部夏季风爆发影响较大 ,且厄尔尼诺与南海南部西南季风爆发偏晚有关 ,但与南海北部西南季风爆发关系不大。可以说 ,这一方法是对南海夏季风爆发预报的一种新的尝试。     

1998年南海夏季风爆发过程数值模拟

用中尺度模式MM5(V3)对1998年南海（SCS）夏季风爆前后低纬环流的演变过程进行了数值模拟，共做了2个数值试验，分别是固定海温试验和日平均海温试验。结果表明，在两种海温强迫下，模式系统都能模拟出南海季风爆发前后区域环流的演变特征，并且进一步证实5月21日是1998年南海季风爆发日。日平均海温强迫模拟的降水中心位置和实况更接近，而两种海温强迫对环流和降水影响的差别主要表现在对中尺度特征的影响方面。     

南海夏季风爆发迟早的影响因子分析

本通过统计分析、合成分析和相关分析，探讨了影响南海夏季风爆发迟早的因子。研究发现，这些因子包括海温的变化，热带地区对流的活动以及大气环流的形势等，它们在南海夏季风爆发早晚年间存在着很大的差异。     

热带海温异常与南海夏季风建立迟早的初步研究

利用NCEP再分析的海表温度场、风场、高度场的格点资料,应用合成和相关分析等方法,初步探讨了热带印度洋和热带太平洋海温异常与南海夏季风建立的关系.研究结果表明,热带印度洋和热带太平洋海温异常在有些年份并不同号,从而对南海夏季风建立迟早的影响并不完全一致.进一步分析表明,热带印度洋和热带太平洋海温异常可能是通过影响热带地区Walker环流建立和加强,进而南海夏季风建立的迟早.     

南亚夏季风爆发前后高度场温湿场的演变特征

利用诊断分析方法，研究南亚夏季风爆发前后高度场、温湿场的演变特征。结果发现夏季风的爆发与南亚高压、马斯克林高压、南美洲大陆上的高压以及巴哈马群岛附近海域上的高压密切相关。季风爆发前后，印度次大陆上高度场在垂直方向发生了反相变化，低层减弱，高层加强，这使得垂直对流发展加强。南亚夏季风爆发前后在印度次大陆及其西岸各层上湿度均急剧增大。表明随着南亚夏季风的爆发，全球温度场、高度场、湿度场都发生了重大调整，南亚夏季风的爆发是全球环流形势调整的一环。     

中纬度海温异常与环流变化的数值模拟

本文采用二维纬向平均模式,通过模拟试验,研究西太平洋中纬度海域海温异常对环流变化以及我国东部江淮、华北平原汛期降水的影响。按季节不同把海温异常分为南冷北暖型和南暖北冷型。结果表明前期海温异常,其后3—5个月西太平洋副高位置明显变化。例如,春季南冷北暖型异常分布(20°—35°N偏冷,35°N以北偏暖)则夏季副高增强,其脊线位置偏北,长江流域夏季(7—8月)偏旱,而华北地区偏涝。反之,得到相反的结果。     

江淮流域夏季降水异常及与全球中低纬海温异常关系的诊断研究

对1951－1999年中国夏季江淮流域降水异常与海温异常关系的分析表明,前期及同期各季节三大洋海表温度异常（SSTA）与长江流域降水异常的关系是非常显著的,而对淮河流域降水异常总体上的影响较小,前期冬季SSTA的影响显著区主要有：热带印度洋、黑潮、热带中东太平洋和大西洋,各关键区海温异常对亚洲夏季风的影响特征为：当前期冬季赤道印度洋、黑潮、赤道大西洋和热带东太平洋海表温度异常升高（降低）,当年夏季印度西南季风和东亚热带辐合带减弱（加强）,副热带高压位置偏南（北）,副热带辐合带加强（减弱）,长江流域易发生洪涝（干旱）,相关显著性分析表明,前冬赤道印度洋和黑潮区的海温异常对中国夏季降水的影响更为显著。     

海气耦合方式对月尺度气候模拟场的影响

将一个海洋表层流模式与ｐσ混合坐标系球带大气模式耦合，进行了三种月尺度的海气耦合试验，讨论了海气耦合方式对模拟结果的影响.表明，在一个月的时间尺度内，海温的变化主要受大气和海洋间的热交换影响，海流的影响是次一级的.因此，无海流的海气耦合方式足以描述月尺度的海温变化.但海流引起的海温对月尺度气候场的模拟特征还是有影响的，特别是东半球的夏季风系统有较敏感的响应.     

2009年四川德阳严重夏早成因分析

对2009年德阳初夏严重干旱及其成因进行分析。结果表明：导致德阳严重夏旱的主要原因是5—6月亚洲中纬度地区环流平直，极涡偏于西半球，导致影响我国的冷空气势力偏北偏弱。南海夏季风爆发较多年平均时间偏晚，导致副热带高压脊线偏南，西伸点偏东，使中纬度地区平直西风带上的小波动无阻塞，快速东移。印度夏季风建立虽然较多年平均偏早，但强度偏弱，位置偏南，不利水汽向北输送。印缅槽位置偏南，不利于将孟加拉湾等地的暖湿气流带到四川。致使四川德阳降水严重偏少，从而出现严重夏旱。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.