汞在罗丹明B-NaCl-丙醇水溶液中的绿色析相萃取分离和富集

研究了罗丹明B-NaCl-丙醇体系萃取汞的新方法.探讨了罗丹明B的浓度、NaCl的浓度、丙醇的浓度和酸度等对Hg(Ⅱ)萃取的影响,确定了萃取分离Hg(Ⅱ)的最佳条件,并讨论了Hg(Ⅱ)的萃取机理.当溶液中罗丹明B、NaCl和丙醇的浓度分别为0.27g/L、160g/L和30%(V/V)时,Hg(Ⅱ)的萃取率达到98.0%以上,实现了Hg(Ⅱ)与Pb(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)、Ir(Ⅳ)、Ni(Ⅱ)、Ag(Ⅰ)、Rh(Ⅲ)、Cu(Ⅱ)、Cr(III)、Mg(Ⅱ)、Fe(Ⅲ)、Al(Ⅲ)和Co(Ⅱ)离子定量分离.     

邻二氮菲-正丙醇-硫酸铵-抗坏血酸体系萃取分离和富集Fe(Ⅱ)

用可见分光光度法研究邻二氮菲-正丙醇-硫酸铵-抗坏血酸体系萃取分离和富集铁的行为及铁与一些金属离子分离的条件.结果表明,硫酸铵能使正丙醇的水溶液分成两相,在分相过程中,三元缔合物[Fe(phen)3]SO4能被正丙醇相完全萃取.当溶液中正丙醇、邻二氮菲和硫酸铵的浓度分别为30%(v/v)、7.0×10-4 mol/L和0.2 g/mL时,Fe(Ⅱ)的萃取率达到96.6%～98.4%,Co(Ⅱ)、Au(Ⅲ)、Ag(Ⅰ)、Ni(II)、Mg(Ⅱ)、Cr(Ⅲ)、Cu(Ⅱ)、Al(Ⅲ)、Hg(Ⅱ)、Pb(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)基本不被萃取,实现了Fe(Ⅱ)与上述金属离子的分离.对合成水样中铁的分离和测定效果良好.     

碘的氧化电位溶出法测定

在有过量的Cu(Ⅱ)存在时,将痕量的碘离子Ⅰ~-以难溶化合物CuⅠ形式电沉积在汞膜电极上,然后以Fe(Ⅲ)或Hg(Ⅱ)为氧化剂进行氧化电位溶出法测定,可检出1.0×10~(-10)M的Ⅰ~-。用此法测得紫菜中碘的含量为3.3％(g/g),与分光光度法结果一致。     

应用一种无膜生物电化学系统还原冶铋废水中Cu(Ⅱ)的研究

考察了将一种放大的无膜生物电化学系统(Membrane-free Bioelectrochemical Systems,MF-BES)应用于阴极还原实际铋冶炼废水中Cu(Ⅱ)的可行性.在选定的预处理条件下(pH=2.47-3.27),废水中Fe3+沉淀分离的去除率最高达到(99.60±0.04)％,同时Cu2的损失率可控制在(9.31±0.06)％.循环伏安分析显示,酸性废水(pH=2.0)中的Fe3+/Fe2+等离子使Cu(Ⅱ)/Cu(Ⅰ)的还原峰负向移动,干扰铜还原反应的发生,加大了铜还原的难度.以含铜的铋冶炼工艺废水作为阴极液,Cu(Ⅱ)还原去除过程为一级动力学反应(R2 =0.985).120h内,MF-BES中的总铜质量由(87.56±4.38)mg降至(0.74±O.04)mg,去除率大于99％,出水含铜浓度(T[Cu] =0.15rmg/L)符合国家污水综合排放(GB8978-1996)一级标准.Cu(Ⅱ)被还原为晶体单质Cu,Cu2O和CuCl,并沉积在阴极板上.     

圈养大熊猫血清中无机元素的研究

用AAS,AFS,ICP仪器测定了33只圈养大熊猫(雌性21只,雄性12只)血清中Cu,Zn,Fe,Mn,Ca,Se,Pb,Cd,Cr,Co,Na,K,Mg,P,Hg,As等共16种无机元素的含量.结果表明:Cu,Zn,Se,Pb,Cd,Hg等6种元素含量随着年龄的增长有所增高,Fe,Ca,Na,K,P等5种元素含量随着年龄的增长而有所减少.大熊猫血清中无机元素含量的变化范围较宽,可能与大熊猫年龄、性别、健康、食物结构有关.在雄性大熊猫中Cu,Se,Pb,Cd等元素含量随着年龄的增长有所增加,而Fe,Ca,Na,Mg,P等元素含量随着年龄的增长有所减少.在雌性大熊猫中Cu,Zn,Cd,Hg等元素含量随着年龄的增长有所增加,而Fe,Ca,K,P等元素含量随着年龄的增长有所减少.Cu,Zn,Ca,Se,Pb,Na,Mg,P等元素的含量雌性高于雄性;Mn,Cd,Cr,Co,Hg,As,K等无机元素的含量雌性低于雄性.Cu,Zn,Se,Pb,Cd,Hg等元素亦随着年龄的增长而增高,有一定的积累性.应尽量减少大熊猫对Pb,Cd,As,Hg等一些有害元素的摄入量.Fe,Ca,Na,K,P等亦随着年龄的增长而减少;在大熊猫饲料中应适量增加一些必需元素和有益元素.     

微量金属的间隙水化学

本文初步研究了厦门港微量金属的间隙水化学,在含S(Ⅱ)间隙水中,用Berner成岩数学模式估算了Fe(Ⅲ)去除反应的速率常数,用热力学方法计算了Fe(Ⅱ)、Fe(Ⅲ)、Pb(Ⅲ)、Cd(Ⅲ)、Cu(Ⅰ)、Cu(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅲ)、游离态S(Ⅱ)各无机形态的平衡浓度,结果表明:Cu(Ⅰ)、Cd(Ⅱ)在沉积物和间隙水中的主要无机形态是Cu_2S、CuS_4S_5~(3-)和CdS(greeno-ckite)、Cd(HS)2,间隙水中Fe(Ⅱ)和游离态S(Ⅱ)主要以Fe~(2+)和HS~-形式存在。     

废水中总氰化物含量测定条件的研究

对异烟酸-吡唑啉酮(isonicotinic acid-pyrazolone)显色体系测定水溶液中微量氰化物(CN-)条件进行了实验考察。结果表明,在有多种共存金属离子如Fe3 、Fe2 、Pb2 、Cu2 、Hg2 、Ag 、S2-下,该显色体系可测定的下限为0.001 mg/L,在0.001~0.2 mg/L范围内符合比尔定律。实验重点考察了溶液中共存金属离子对测定干扰的影响,表明软酸离子(Cu2 、Hg 和Ag-)对测定有影响,证实了该体系测定CN-的应用条件和范围。     

Cu掺杂对FePt合金磁性和结构的影响

利用溶胶—凝胶法制备了(Fe Pt)100Cu0,(Fe Pt)95Cu5,(Fe Pt)90Cu10纳米颗粒.通过XRD、TEM、VSM等测试方法对样品的磁性及形貌结构进行了表征,并阐释了掺杂Cu元素对Fe Pt合金的影响.研究发现,Cu原子取代了Fe Pt合金中Fe或Pt原子的位置,但Cu掺杂并没有破坏有序相Fe Pt合金的结构.随着Cu掺杂浓度的提高,样品的矫顽力增大但是磁化强度减小.和未掺杂Cu的纯Fe Pt纳米颗粒相比,Cu的掺杂降低了Fe Pt的有序化温度,增加了样品的有序化程度.(Fe Pt)90Cu10纳米颗粒的矫顽力为7 050 Oe,而(Fe Pt)100Cu0纳米颗粒的矫顽力提高到了9 746 Oe.     

铁或铜胁迫下小麦幼苗根抗氧化体系的响应

为揭示小麦幼苗在Fe或Cu胁迫下的抗氧化反应机制,以宁春4号小麦为材料,比较了不同浓度(0,100,300,500μmol/L)Fe Cl3或Cu Cl2处理下幼苗根羟自由基(·OH)含量、抗氧化酶活性和多胺降解酶活性的变化.结果显示:Fe或Cu处理诱导小麦根·OH含量升高,且高浓度Cu处理下样品·OH含量高于相同浓度Fe处理的样品的.Fe或Cu处理对各种抗氧化酶活性有不同的影响:Fe诱导超氧化物歧化酶活性升高,而Cu抑制该酶活性;Fe处理不影响过氧化物酶活性,而Cu诱导该酶活性升高;过氧化氢酶活性在Fe或Cu处理下均受到明显的抑制;Fe或Cu处理抑制谷胱甘肽还原酶活性;300,500μmol/L的Fe和100,300μmol/L的Cu诱导抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性的升高.此外,不同浓度的Fe或Cu对多胺氧化酶(PAO)、二胺氧化酶(DAO)和细胞壁过氧化物酶(cw-POD)活性均有明显的抑制作用.结果表明:Fe或Cu胁迫诱导对小麦根不同抗氧化酶产生不同的影响,最终导致小麦根·OH积累;PAO,DAO和cw-POD可能不参与Fe或Cu胁迫诱导的ROS积累.     

Fe/Cu催化还原去除饮用水消毒副产物三氯乙酸

以高致癌风险的饮用水卤化消毒副产物(halogenated disinfection by-products,HDBPs)三氯乙酸(TCAA)为去除目标物,研究了Fe/Cu催化还原去除TCAA的效果,包括Fe/Cu质量比、Fe/Cu混合物投加量、pH值、有机物浓度和摇床转速等因素对Fe/Cu催化还原去除TCAA的影响.结果表明,Fe/Cu能够有效脱除TCAA,m(Fe):m(Cu)为10:1时的TCAA去除效果最佳;Fe/Cu最佳投加量为30 g·L-1;Fe/Cu还原脱氯去除TCAA最佳pH值在4～8之间;有机物浓度对Fe/Cu还原脱氯存在负面影响;在摇床转速、反应时间、投加量、pH值和UV254分别为200 r·min-1,160 min,30 g·L-1,6.82和0.117 cm-1的条件下,Fe/Cu催化还原对TCAA的去除率达到97.39%,并且Cu未被消耗,外扩散Fe/Cu催化还原反应的影响可以忽略,Fe/Cu对TCAA的催化还原脱氯降解过程符合拟一级反应.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.