铜或锌胁迫对小麦根中抗氧化系统的影响

为探讨小麦根中抗氧化酶对重金属胁迫的反应.利用水培法研究了铜(Cu)或锌(Zn)胁迫对小麦幼苗根中活性氧(ROS)产生及抗氧化酶活性的影响.结果显示,Cu或Zn胁迫下小麦根中OH~·、H_2O_2和MDA含量均有不同程度的增加,Cu胁迫下O_2~(·-)含量呈先升高后下降的趋势,而O_2~(·-)在Zn胁迫下呈升高的趋势.Cu胁迫下超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性呈升高的趋势,而过氧化物酶(POD)活性呈先升高后下降的趋势.Zn胁迫下SOD活性呈先降低后升高的趋势,POD活性受到明显的抑制,过氧化氢酶CAT活性在Cu或Zn胁迫下均有不同程度的下降.表明Cu或Zn胁迫下小麦根中抗氧化酶活性发生了不同的变化,以此来清除根中积累的ROS,降低重金属对小麦的损伤.     

锌对铁胁迫下小麦幼苗脯氨酸代谢的影响

以西旱3号小麦幼苗为供试材料,研究了不同浓度ZnCl2(50,250μmol·L-1及2 mmol·L-1)对300μmol·L-1FeCl3胁迫下小麦幼苗脯氨酸含量以及脯氨酸代谢途径关键酶活性的影响.结果发现:单独Fe处理下小麦根、叶脯氨酸含量与鸟氨酸转氨酶(OAT)活性显著升高,而脯氨酸脱氢酶(PDH)与谷氨酸激酶(GK)活性均降低;不同浓度Zn的使用减少了Fe处理下小麦根叶脯氨酸积累、降低了OAT和GK活性;50或250μmol·L-1 Zn与Fe复合处理下根、叶PDH活性与单独Fe处理相比升高,而2mmol·L-1 Zn与Fe复合处理抑制了叶PDH活性.结果表明,Fe处理诱导小麦根叶脯氨酸含量的升高与OAT活性的升高及PDH活性的降低有关;Zn的使用减少了Fe胁迫下小麦根叶中脯氨酸的积累,这可能与Zn与Fe复合处理下OAT活性的降低及PDH活性的升高有关.     

腐胺对盐胁迫下小麦幼苗根中活性氧代谢的影响

以小麦(T.aestivm L.)“陇春23号”为实验材料,测定了外源腐胺(Put)对NaCl胁迫条件下,小麦根细胞的膜透性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、活性氧(ROS)的含量、抗氧化酶活性,结果表明外源Put处理使NaCl胁迫下小麦根中细胞膜透性降低,MDA含量减少,抗氧化酶(CAT,SOD,APX,POD)的活性升高,O2-的产生减少,但H2O2的含量升高.进一步测定二胺氧化酶(DAO)和多胺氧化酶(PAO)的活性,结果DAO和PAO的活性升高,表明外源腐胺能通过提高抗氧化酶的活性减轻NaCl对小麦根的氧化伤害,但H2O2在此实验中不是对小麦根起伤害作用,可能作为信号分子起作用.     

外源水杨酸对Cu2+胁迫下小麦幼苗中活性氧和抗氧化酶的影响

研究了外源水杨酸(SA)对Cu2 胁迫下小麦幼苗中活性氧(ROS)和主要抗氧化酶--超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶和谷胱甘肽还原酶活性的影响. 结果显示,与对照相比,Cu2 可显著增加小麦叶和根中丙二醛含量、ROS水平和以上4种抗氧化酶活性. SA处理明显提高了Cu2 胁迫下叶中抗氧化酶活性,减缓了其中ROS水平的增加. 根中ROS变化规律与叶中相似,但抗氧化酶活性与叶中不同. 上述结果表明,SA可能通过较早激活抗氧化保护酶缓解了Cu对小麦的氧化伤害,但这4种抗氧化酶在根和叶中所起的作用不完全相同.     

盐胁迫下2种小麦幼苗抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽循环的比较

以春小麦新品种陇春27和陇春30为供试材料,研究了不同浓度NaCl(0,25,100和200mmol·L~(-1))胁迫下2种小麦幼苗的抗坏血酸(AsA)-谷胱甘肽(GSH)循坏中抗氧化物含量和相关酶活性的变化.盐胁迫下2种小麦根中AsA、脱氢抗坏血酸(DHA)以及AsA/DHA比值均有不同程度地增加.与对照相比,25mmol·L~(-1) NaCl处理使陇春27号根中GSH含量减少而氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSG)含量升高,陇春30号中含量均减少.100和200mmol·L~(-1) NaCl处理下2种小麦根GSSG含量均增加.盐胁迫诱导2种小麦根抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性均呈现先下降后上升的变化趋势.200mmol·L~(-1) NaCl处理的陇春27根和25mmol·L~(-1) NaCl处理的陇春30号根中抗坏血酸氧化酶(AAO)无显著变化,其他盐浓度胁迫导致陇春27号根中该酶活性都升高,而陇春30根活性下降.不同的是,盐处理下2种小麦根中脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(MDHAR)活性与AAO活性变化不同,呈现出相反的变化趋势.在25mmol·L~(-1) NaCl处理的陇春27根中脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DHAR)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性无显著变化,其他浓度的盐处理下2种小麦幼苗根中的这2种酶活性较对照相比均显著增加.结果表明,盐胁迫下2种小麦根可通过提高AsA和DHA的含量及AsA/DHA的比值提高AsA-GSH循环的循环率,增强幼苗的抗氧化能力,缓解NaCl对小麦幼苗造成的氧化损伤;此外,盐诱导的陇春27根中AsA的积累可能与DHAR活性升高有关,而陇春30号AsA含量的增加可能是由于AAO活性的抑制及MDHAR和DHAR活性的增强.     

盐及低温胁迫对油菜ROS和抗氧化酶活性的影响

以超强抗寒冬油菜陇油6号和抗寒性较弱的天油2号为材料,探究在盐胁迫和低温胁迫下活性氧(ROS)和抗氧化酶活性的变化以及烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸(NADPH)氧化酶、促分裂原活化蛋白(MAP)激酶级联途径对ROS和抗氧化酶变化的影响.结果表明,盐胁迫和低温胁迫均增加了油菜w(H2O2)和c (·OH),且伴随着超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性的升高;经二苯基碘、U0126和二甲基硫脲预处理后再胁迫,与单独胁迫相比,陇油6号和天油2号油菜中w(H2O2)、c (·OH)和SOD、POD、CAT、APX活性均有所下降,表明MAP激酶级联途径、NADPH氧化酶均参与了盐和低温胁迫对ROS和抗氧化酶活性的诱导过程.     

盐胁迫下内源ROS与NO的产生及其对小麦幼苗生理特性的影响

以小麦新品种陇春27为试材,研究施用过氧化氢酶(CAT、H_2O_2清除剂)、DPI(质膜NADPH氧化酶抑制剂)或PTIO(NO清除剂)对100 mmol/L NaCl处理下小麦幼苗生长、抗氧化反应以及渗透性调节的影响.结果显示:NaCl处理抑制小麦幼苗根、茎的生长,诱导根中活性氧(ROS)和NO的积累.CAT、DPI、PTIO的加入更显著地抑制盐胁迫下小麦幼苗根茎的生长,且DPI的效应最明显.这3种药品能够缓解NaCl诱导的超氧阴离子(·O_2~-)和NO的积累,但DPI或PTIO使NaCl处理的根中H_2O_2含量进一步增加,而CAT或DPI使羟自由基(·OH)含量减少.盐胁迫导致幼苗根中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶活性减弱,而过氧化物酶(POD)活性无显著变化.CAT的加入能缓解NaCl对CAT活性的抑制作用;DPI的加入减缓了盐对SOD、CAT的抑制效应,使POD活性降低;PTIO显著地增加了盐处理根中POD活性.盐处理导致小麦幼苗根中脯氨酸质量分数、可溶性糖质量浓度、可溶性蛋白和丙二醛(MDA)质量分数均增加.DPI导致盐处理根中脯氨酸质量分数、可溶性糖质量浓度均增加.CAT不影响NaCl对根的氧化损伤,DPI的加入导致盐处理小麦根MDA质量分数增加为对照的184%,而PTIO能够缓解盐诱导的氧化损伤.盐处理抑制小麦幼苗根茎的生长,诱导的内源性ROS和NO的产生相互影响,特别是二者共同作用调控幼苗根的生长和抗氧化反应.     

褪黑素对低温胁迫后菘蓝种子苗抗氧化性影响

目的以低温胁迫处理的菘蓝种子为起始材料,研究外源褪黑素对萌发种子苗的生长及抗氧化性的影响。方法褪黑素处理低温浸种菘蓝种子,测定萌发的种子幼苗中丙二醛含量以及相关抗氧化酶活性;测定植株根长和IAA含量。结果 10～500μmol/L适宜浓度的外源褪黑素可降低低温处理后菘蓝幼苗中的丙二醛含量,增强过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶活性,增加内源激素IAA的含量并促进幼苗根的伸长。其中500μmol/L褪黑素作用最显著,随着其浓度的进一步升高,褪黑素植物保护作用减弱。结论外源褪黑素处理菘蓝种子能降低膜脂过氧化水平,提高抗氧化酶的活性,减轻冷胁迫对幼苗生长过程中的氧化损伤,并且褪黑素可能通过影响植物体内IAA水平,刺激植物根生长。     

胞间活性氧产生对盐胁迫下两种小麦叶抗氧化反应的影响

以春小麦新品种"陇春27号(27号)"和"陇春30号(30号)"为研究材料,分析过氧化氢酶(CAT)和二苯基氯化碘盐(DPI)对NaCl胁迫下小麦叶片渗透性调节和抗氧化反应的影响.结果表明,盐诱导两种小麦叶中w(脯氨酸)、ρ(可溶性糖)、w(可溶性蛋白)和c(丙二醛)均增加, CAT的加入减少了盐诱导的27号ρ(可溶性糖)及30号w(脯氨酸)和w(可溶性蛋白)的积累, DPI提高了两种小麦w(脯氨酸)、ρ(可溶性糖)和c(丙二醛),降低了w(可溶性蛋白).盐处理导致小麦27号c(O2·-)、w(H2O2)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性均降低,使c (·OH)及过氧化物酶(POD)活性增高;小麦30号c(O2·-)、c (·OH)及APX活性增高, CAT和POD活性减弱.与单独盐处理相比,外源CAT使盐处理下两种小麦w(H2O2)降低,谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性及27号APX和30号CAT活性增强; NaCl+DPI处理导致两种小麦w(H2O2)及27号APX活性降低,两种小麦c(O2·-)及POD和GR活性均增高, 30号小麦SOD与APX活性变化与27号相反.表明盐胁迫提高了两种小麦叶中渗透性调节物w(脯氨酸)、ρ(可溶性糖)和w(可溶性蛋白),导致不同的抗氧化反应,可能与胞间H2O2及质膜烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸(NADPH)氧化酶O2·-的产生有关,因为胞间H2O2的清除和NADPH氧化酶活性的抑制改变了盐诱导两种小麦的渗透性调节和抗氧化反应,且二者的效应不同.     

镍对小麦根抗氧化酶活性和抗氧化剂含量的影响

研究了重金属镍对小麦根抗氧化酶活性和抗氧化剂含量的影响.结果发现:镍能够显著提高小麦根中超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽还原酶的活性及抗坏血酸和谷胱甘肽的含量,而抗坏血酸过氧化物酶的活性无明显变化.这些结果表明,抗氧化酶和抗氧化剂在小麦应答镍胁迫的反应中可能起重要作用.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.