抗车辙剂和SBS对热拌沥青混合料高温与低温性能的影响

车辙和开裂是沥青路面的主要病害形式,采用外加剂改善沥青路面的高温与低温性能是防治车辙和开裂的主要措施.本文在不同温度、不同含量抗车辙剂和SBS改性剂试验条件下,采用连续密级配(AC-13、AC-16)和间断级配(SMA-13、SMA-16)两类级配进行高温车辙和低温小梁弯曲试验,对沥青混合料高温和低温性能的影响进行评价.试验结果表明:沥青混合料中添加0.4%抗车辙剂或5%SBS改性剂时,其高温和低温稳定性表现最佳.其中,0.4%抗车辙剂在改善沥青混合料高温变形能力方面优于5%SBS改性剂,而在改善低温抗裂性方面效果不及后者.间断级配沥青混合料的高温稳定性与低温抗裂性优于连续密级配沥青混合料.     

基于动态蠕变试验的复合改性沥青混合料高温性能研究

为了研究PB改性剂对沥青混合料高温抗车辙性能的影响,本文对常见的沥青混合料进行动态蠕变试验来评价沥青混合料高温性能。试验结果表明,PB改性剂可以有效地提高沥青混合料的抗永久变形能力,减缓蠕变变形的发展速度,从而提高沥青混合料的高温抗车辙性能。     

硅藻土负载环氧改性沥青混合料性能试验研究

针对沥青与环氧树脂相容性较差问题,利用大孔隙结构硅藻土负载环氧树脂,使得环氧树脂能够均匀分散到沥青中,制备出性能优异的硅藻土负载环氧改性沥青。对比测试了硅藻土负载环氧改性沥青和日本(TAF)环氧改性沥青在相同级配和试验条件下制成的环氧沥青混合料的相关路用性能试验。试验结果表明:硅藻土负载环氧改性沥青混合料具有优异的高温稳定性,与TAF混合料的高温稳定性基本相同。硅藻土负载环氧改性沥青混合料低温性能较差,低温抗弯拉强度较TAF混合料小近30%,最大弯拉应变与TAF混合料也有差距。硅藻土负载环氧改性沥青混合料具有较好的抗水损能力,浸水马歇尔残留稳定度值远大于普通沥青混合料,与TAF混合料相比差异不大。硅藻土负载环氧改性沥青混合料与TAF混合料的渗透系数相同,沥青种类对混合料排水性能影响不大;在排水性超薄沥青磨耗粘结层混合料配合比下,设计目标空隙率应不少于17%,如果在降雨量较大地区,可适当提高混合料目标空隙率。     

温拌沥青混合料路用性能研究

采用马歇尔试验法对温拌沥青混合料组成进行设计,并通过车辙试验、浸水马歇尔试验、弯曲试验和疲劳试验,研究温拌沥青混合料的路用性能。结果表明:温拌改性剂掺量对沥青性能有显著影响,改性剂最佳掺量为2.5%~3.0%;温拌沥青混合料具有良好的高温稳定性、水稳定性、低温抗裂性和抗疲劳性,温拌改性剂能显著提高混合料的高温稳定性和抗疲劳性,但混合料水稳定性和低温抗裂性略有降低。     

ERA/WCO复合改性沥青及沥青混合料高低温性能

为探索欧洲岩沥青(European Rock Asphalt, ERA)和废食用油(Waste Cooking Oil, WCO)对沥青及沥青混合料性能的影响,应用黏度和DSR试验研究改性沥青的高温性能,应用BBR试验探索沥青在低温状态下的性能表现.此外,进行了马歇尔试验、车辙试验以及低温劈裂试验以评估改性剂对沥青混合料路用性能的影响.试验结果表明:ERA可显著地提升沥青的车辙因子,WCO可提升沥青的低温蠕变速率,表明ERA有利于沥青的高温性能,WCO可有效改善沥青在低温条件下的应力消散能力.此外,WCO还有助于提升沥青的抗疲劳性能.沥青混合料试验和沥青试验所得结论具有一致性,掺入ERA后,沥青混合料的马歇尔稳定度和动稳定度都显著提高,随着WCO的掺入,低温劈裂强度有所提升,表明沥青混合料的高温性能和低温性能都得到了提升.综上,为使沥青和沥青混合料均衡高温和低温两方面的优越性能,建议ERA/WCO复合改性沥青的最佳掺量为18%ERA+4%WCO.     

PE和SBS复合改性沥青混合料路用性能

以AH 70号沥青作为基质沥青,选用聚乙烯(PE)添加剂和聚苯乙烯-丁二烯-聚苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)作为改性剂制备高模量沥青和高模量沥青混合料,通过车辙试验、动态蠕变试验、浸水马歇尔试验和低温小梁弯曲试验等室内试验,测试和评价沥青混合料的路用性能,并分析PE和SBS改性剂对混合料性能的影响。研究结果表明:PE和SBS复合改性后,沥青混合料的高温性能、力学性能和抗水损害能力有较大提高,而低温性能和抗疲劳性能有所降低;随着SBS和PE掺加量的增加,其对混合料路用性能的影响逐渐减弱,在实际应用中,PE和SBS适宜的总掺加量质量分数为10.0%(5.5%PE+4.5%SBS)。     

废旧橡胶粉改性沥青混合料路用性能测试

为了有效利用废旧轮胎,采用3种不同剂量的橡胶粉(CR10、CR15、CR20)作为改性剂,以AH-90为基质沥青,探讨其物理和动态流变特性.矿料级配采用AC-16型,通过选料、制备橡胶沥青混合料及路用沥青混凝土低温、高温性能和水稳定性的测试.试验表明:橡胶粉的加入有效提高了沥青高温性能、水稳定性和低温性能,综合得出:CR15改性沥青混合料具有更好的路用性能.     

掺加纳米改性剂的沥青与温拌混合料的性能

由于温拌沥青混合料的施工温度低,矿料内部的水分蒸发速度慢,混合料存在水损害隐患。需要在沥青中添加一定剂量的集料改性剂,以提高温拌沥青混合料的抗水损害性能。通过试验评价了添加纳米改性剂的沥青与混合料的路用性能。结果表明,添加纳米改性剂后,提高了沥青的高温稳定性、抗老化疲劳性、低温抗裂性等路用性能;而且,能降低沥青高温时的黏度,有利于施工。研究成果对减少温拌沥青混合料的早期病害具有重要的指导意义。     

离子型聚合物改性沥青混合料性能分析

为提升沥青混合料的路用性能及自愈性能,选用离子型聚合物乙烯—甲基丙烯酸甲酯(EMAA)和SBS分别作为愈合剂和改性剂,制备EMAA/SBS改性沥青混合料。采用高温性能试验、小梁弯曲试验、耐久性试验以及自愈性能试验,评价了EMAA/SBS改性沥青混合料的路用性能和自愈性能。结果表明:EMAA/SBS改性沥青混合料的高温稳定性、耐久性和自愈性能均优于SBS改性沥青混合料和基质沥青混合料,而EMAA/SBS改性沥青混合料的低温抗裂性略低于SBS改性沥青混合料,但仍能满足规范中要求。由此可见,EMAA可显著改善SBS改性沥青混合料除低温抗裂性外的路用性能和自愈性能,可将其应用于沥青路面中。     

不同级配复合改性沥青混合料路用性能

为研究不同级配对复合改性沥青混合料路用性能的影响,在AC-13型连续级配、SMA-13型间断级配和半间断级配三种级配中以干拌法分别加入抗车辙剂/新型橡胶粉复合改性剂,并对不同级配和改性剂掺量下的沥青混合料进行了高温车辙试验、低温小梁弯曲试验、浸水马歇尔试验和冻融劈裂试验。试验结果表明:抗车辙剂和新型橡胶粉的加入能够显著改善沥青混合料的高低温性能和水稳定性能,在高温性能和水稳定性方面,半间断级配下掺入复合改性剂的沥青混合料性能提升最高、AC-13连续级配次之、SMA-13间断级配相对最差;在低温性能方面,SMA-13间断级配相对最好,但是半间断级配和AC-13连续级配与其相比相差很小。最后推荐半间断级配为最优级配,其最优改性剂掺量为0. 4%抗车辙剂/1. 5%新型橡胶粉。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.