内蒙古草原三个优势针茅种群的自交繁殖能力研究

传粉方式是植物生态适应性的重要表现,通过对内蒙古典型草原优势种大针茅(Stipa grandis)、克氏针茅(Stipa krylovii)和草甸草原优势种贝加尔针茅(Sitpa baicalensis)花果期套袋处理,测定了其自交繁殖能力.三种针茅套袋处理都产生了相当数量的有效结实,且种子均能很好萌发,其中大针茅和克氏针茅套袋处理千粒重和萌发力总体优于自然条件未套袋的对照处理,贝加尔针茅略低于对照处理.结果表明:三种针茅均自交亲和,并有很强的自交能力,其中大针茅和克氏针茅的自交能力较高,贝加尔针茅的相对较低.     

蚯蚓对松嫩草原主要凋落物分解作用实验研究

采用室内模拟的方法,研究了蚯蚓对松嫩草原冰草(Agropyron cristatum)、朝鲜碱茅(Puccinellia chinam poensis)、羊草(Leymus chinensis)和贝加尔针茅(Stipa baicalensis)凋落物叶和茎的分解作用及蚯蚓在各种凋落物分解过程中的生长和代谢情况.结果表明...     

不同利用方式下贝加尔针茅草原4种主要植物叶片功能性状特征

草地不合理的利用方式是造成植被退化的主要原因,掌握不同利用方式对植物叶片功能性状的影响,可为区域草地合理利用提供基础资料。试验以贝加尔针茅草原为研究对象,研究围封、放牧和刈割,3种利用方式下,贝加尔针茅(Stipa baicalensis)、羊草(Leymus chinensis)、羽茅(Achnatherum sibiricum)、扁蓿豆(Melisitus ruthenica),4种植物的比叶面积和叶绿素含量的变化特征与叶片N、P元素和土壤铵态氮、硝态氮、全N、全P、N∶P的相关关系,探讨植物个体水平上叶片功能特性对草地不同利用方式的响应。结果表明放牧显著增加了4种植物的比叶面积和贝加尔针茅、羊草的叶绿素含量(P0.05)。围封和刈割处理下,4种植物比叶面积和叶绿素含量均无显著差异。贝加尔针茅、羊草比叶面积与叶片N、N∶P呈正相关关系(P0.05),而羽茅、扁蓿豆的比叶面积与叶片N、P、N∶P均无相关关系,比叶面积和叶绿素含量与土壤因子,除了羽茅和扁蓿豆的比叶面积与土壤硝态氮无显著相关性以外,贝加尔针茅、羊草叶绿素含量和比叶面积,羽茅、扁蓿豆叶绿素含量均与土壤硝态氮呈正相关关系(P0.05)。4种植物比叶面积和叶绿素均与土壤有机C、全N、全P、铵态氮无相关关系。     

内蒙古地带性针茅植物15种营养元素含量及化学计量特征分析

通过对植物体内矿质平衡离子成分及含量特征研究,认识植物体内养分间交互作用,对研究草原植物各种逆境适应、矿质离子平衡及相关调控基因控制网络等具有重要作用.基于内蒙古不同草原类型,以针茅属(Stipa Linn.)植物为禾本科类的代表,研究地带性针茅植物叶片15种营养元素(7种大量元素C、N、P、K、Mg、Ca、S和8种微量元素B、Mn、Fe、Na、Zn、Cu、Ni、Mo)含量特征及元素间的相互关系.结果表明:西北针茅、大针茅、短花针茅和石生针茅等植物叶片中大量元素和微量元素含量均值分布格局基本相似,总体表现为CNKSMgPCaNaMnFeZnNiCuBMo. 4种针茅植物中大量元素P、K、Ca和微量元素Mn、Fe、Mo含量均有显著性差异(P0.05),其它元素如N、Mg、Cu、Ni等无显著差异(P0.05);4种针茅植物元素的相关性分析表明,营养元素之间的相关系数在较大范围内波动,不同元素之间的相互关系复杂,由15种营养元素组成的105对元素对中,有25对元素有显著相关(P0.05),占总数的20%;以主成分分析(PCA)对叶片多种元素之间的相互关系作进一步分析,提取了变异较大且解释率高的4个主成分轴,大量元素和微量元素在主成分图中呈现出分布的差异性聚类;而对多种元素的聚类分析,可以将营养元素归为两大类,第1大类包括C、N、P、K、S等,共同决定着植物的生长、发育与繁殖等生理生态过程,第2大类包括大量元素Mg、Ca和微量元素B、Mn、Na、Fe、Cu、Ni、Mo,这类元素作为辅基参与电子传递和生化反应,与植物生长和生境适应有关.     

东北落叶松属植物潜在分布对气候变化的响应

为探索气候变化对东北落叶松属植物的影响，采用logistic回归模型方法与地理信息系统，预测东北落叶松属植物目前以及未来潜在分布范围。结果表明：兴安落叶松在2050年将向北退200km，在2100年进一步向北退缩300km；长白落叶松在2050年向西北推进约200km，2100年继续推进约200km；华北落叶松在2050年向东北方向推进280km；2100年继续推进470km左右。气候变化极大地改变了三种落叶松的适宜分布区。在未来气候条件下，长白落叶松和华北落叶松将可能替代目前占主导地位的兴安落叶松。     

贝加尔针茅草地基况评价及载畜量估算

在贝加尔针茅-羊草-杂类草草甸草原,按放牧退化程度,将草地划分为轻度退化区、中度退化区及重度退化区,采用样方法对3个样地内植物种类及植物地上现存量进行了测定,并计算了其草地基况得分和载畜量.结果表明,随着放牧强度的增加,植物地上现存量明显降低;以贝加尔针茅(Stipa baicalensis)和羊草(Leymus chinensis)为主的减少种的生物量呈递减趋势,以退化指示植物为主的增加种和侵入种呈递增趋势;轻度退化区、中度退化区及重度退化区草地基况等级分别处于良好、普通和低劣等级,平均载畜量(羊)分别为4.78,3.46,1.80只/(hm2.a).因此,应重新调整放牧家畜数量以达到草畜平衡,恢复草地生产力,从而促进草地畜牧业的可持续发展.     

内蒙古荒漠草原不同生态位三种植物根系分泌物的微生态效应研究

以内蒙古四子王旗荒漠草原群落中短花针茅(Stipa breviflora)、无芒隐子草(Cleistogenes songorica)和银灰旋花(Convolvulus ammannii) 3种牧草为研究对象,分析了不同收集时间段3种牧草根系分泌物收集液对草原土壤理化性状及微生物数量的影响.结果表明,随牧草根系分泌物收集时间的增加,供试草原原位土壤中的细菌、真菌和放线菌数量显著增加;供试土壤中的有机质、有效氮和有效磷含量显著增加、土壤pH值显著下降,土壤含水量无显著变化;建群种短花针茅的根系分泌物对土壤微生物和土壤理化性状的影响作用强于优势种无芒隐子草和伴群种银灰旋花.     

短花针茅SSR-PCR反应体系的建立及引物筛选

以采集于我国内蒙古高原、黄土高原和新疆等地的6个短花针茅野生种群为材料,采用正交实验的方法对模板DNA、Mg2+、dNTPs、Taq DNA聚合酶和引物浓度进行5因素4水平的正交优化设计,依据同源物种紫花针茅的19对SSR引物筛选适用于短花针茅的SSR引物.结果表明:(1)短花针茅最佳SSR-PCR反应体系为(25μL):100ng模板DNA 1μL、2.0mmol/L的Mg2+2.5μL、100μmol/L dNTPs 2μL、2.0U Taq DNA聚合酶0.5μL、0.2μLmol/L上下游引物各1μL,其余用ddH2O补足.(2)建立了重复性和稳定性较好的SSR-PCR扩增程序:94℃预变性3min;94℃变性30s,退火温度与每个引物相对应,退火30s,72℃延伸30s,共30个循环;最后72℃延伸10min;4℃保存,扩增结束.(3)筛选出7对多态性较好的短花针茅SSR引物,同属植物基因组SSR引物的通用率为36.84%.本研究对于进一步探讨短花针茅种群遗传多样性提供参考价值.     

大针茅(Stipa grandis)和克氏针茅(S.krylovii)对PEG渗透胁迫适应性反应的比较研究

本文以大针茅（Stipa grandis）和克氏针茅（S．krylovii）为实验对象,研究PEG渗透胁迫下,两种植物的种子发芽情况以及不同龄期植株叶片含水量、叶片延伸速率、游离脯氨酸含量与根冠比的变化特征．结果表明：（1）PEG胁迫对大针茅萌发的影响大于克氏针茅;（2）相同龄期的克氏针茅比大针茅更能适应渗透胁迫;（3）四月龄植株较二月龄植株具有更高的胁迫适应性．以上结果为认识大针茅和克氏针茅的干旱适应性规律提供了部分实验证据．     

山地荒漠草原不同植物群落物种-多度关系分析

在群落样方调查的基础上,计算群落物种重要值,确定群落类型.对群落物种重要值采用分割线段模型(broken stick model)、对数级数分布(Log series distr ibution)、对数正态分布(Lognormal distribution)、几何级数分布(Geometric series distribution)等4个种-多度模型进行拟合.结果表明石质山坡(长芒草Stipa bungeana-冷蒿Artemisia frigida)群落对数级数拟合结果更好,土质山坡群落(短花针茅Stipa brevifora-长芒草Stipa bungeana)对数正态分布拟合更好,说明了2个群落结构是对2个样地环境特点与放牧干扰相互作用的响应.沙化草地(油蒿Artemisiaordosica-刺叶柄棘豆Oxytropis aciphlla)群落中油蒿处于极优势地位,占据整个群落的大多数生态空间.拟合检验表明该山地草地植被物种分布格局较符合随机生态位假说和生态位占领假说,严重的放牧干扰不仅降低了优势物种在群落中的优势程度,使次优势物种及其他物种也没能较好的发育,说明外部非生物环境对群落胁迫程度较大.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.