烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

摩擦焊接碳钢（EN24）和镍基高温合金（IN718）的显微组织和力学性能

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.     

汽车暴露面板带有表面条状缺陷的夹杂物分布特征分析:一种定量电解方法

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface. A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology, size, composition, quantity, and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone of automobile exposed panel. The Al₂O₃ inclusions were observed to be aggregated or chain-like shape along with the sliver defect of about 3–10 μm. The aggregation sections of the Al₂O₃ inclusions are distributed discretely along the rolling direction, with a spacing of 3–7 mm, a length of 6–7 mm, and a width of about 3 mm. The inclusion area part is 0.04%–0.16% with an average value of 0.08%, the inclusion number density is 40 mm?2 and the inclusion average spacing is 25.13 μm. The inclusion spacing is approximately 40–160 μm, with an average value of 68.76 μm in chain-like inclusion parts. The average area fraction and number density of inclusions in the non-defect region were reduced to about 0.002% and 1–2 mm?2, respectively, with the inclusion spacing of 400 μm and the size of Al₂O₃ being 1–3 μm.     

在酸性溶液中加压氧化三价砷离子和二价铁离子

The co-oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) in acidic solutions by pressured oxygen was studied under an oxygen pressure between 0.5 and 2.0 MPa at a temperature of 150°C. It was confirmed that without Fe(II) ions, As(III) ions in the solutions are virtually non-oxidizable by pressured oxygen even at a temperature as high as 200°C and an oxygen pressure up to 2.0 MPa. Fe(II) ions in the solutions did have a catalysis effect on the oxidation of As(III), possibly attributable to the production of such strong oxidants as hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and Fe(IV) in the oxidation process of Fe(II). The effects of such factors as the initial molar ratio of Fe(II)/As(III), initial pH value of the solution, oxygen pressure, and the addition of radical scavengers on the oxidation efficiencies of As(III) and Fe(II) were studied. It was found that the oxidation of As(III) was limited in the co-oxidation process due to the accumulation of the As(III) oxidation product, As(V), in the solutions.     

人工闪锌矿氧压酸浸过程中Cu2+的催化机理研究

The potential autoclave was used to study the catalytic mechanism of Cu2+ during the oxygen pressure leaching process of artificial sphalerite. By studying the potential change of the system at different temperatures and the SEM–EDS difference of the leaching residues, it was found that in the temperature range of 363–423 K, the internal Cu2+ formed a CuS deposit on the surface of sphalerite, which hindered the leaching reaction, resulting in a zinc leaching rate of only 51.04%. When the temperature exceeds 463 K, the system potential increases steadily. The increase in temperature leads to the dissolution of the CuS, which is beneficial to the circulation catalysis of Cu2+. At this time, the leaching rate of Zn exceeds 95%. In addition, the leaching kinetics equations at 363–423 and 423–483 K were established. The activation energy of zinc leaching at 363–423 and 423–483 K is 38.66 and 36.25 kJ/mol, respectively, and the leaching process is controlled by surface chemical reactions.     

超声振动辅助钨极惰性气体焊接异种金属 316L 和 L415

Ultrasonic vibration assisted tungsten inert gas welding was applied to joining stainless steel 316L and low alloy high strength steel L415. The effect of ultrasonic vibration on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a dissimilar metal welded joint of 316L and L415 was systematically investigated. The microstructures of both heat affected zones of L415 and weld metal were substantially refined, and the clusters of δ ferrite in traditional tungsten inert gas (TIG) weld were changed to a dispersive distribution via the ultrasonic vibration. The ultrasonic vibration promoted the uniform distribution of elements and decreased the micro-segregation tendency in the weld. With the application of ultrasonic vibration, the average tensile strength and elongation of the joint was improved from 613 to 650 MPa and from 16.15% to 31.54%, respectively. The content of Σ3 grain boundaries around the fusion line zone is higher and the distribution is more uniform in the ultrasonic vibration assisted welded joint compared with the traditional one, indicating an excellent weld metal crack resistance.     

活化天然矿石选择性还原二氧化碳为无定形碳

Natural magnetite formed by the isomorphism substitutions of transition metals, including Fe, Ti, Co, etc., was activated by mechanical grinding followed by H₂ reduction. The temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H₂-TPR) and temperature-programmed surface reaction of carbon dioxide (CO₂-TPSR) were carried out to investigate the processes of oxygen loss and CO₂ reduction. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the stability of spinel phases and oxygen-deficient degree significantly increased after natural magnetite was mechanically milled and reduced in H₂ atmosphere. Meanwhile, the activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction into carbon were enhanced. The deposited carbon on the activated natural magnetite was confirmed as amorphous. The amount of carbon after CO₂ reduction at 300°C for 90 min over the activated natural magnetite was 2.87wt% higher than that over the natural magnetite.     

基于剑桥模型的砂土剪胀模型

对于中密砂和密砂,剪胀现象是一个比较显著的特征,相变线是描述剪胀现象的一条特征线,相变线比较容易确定.本文在已有弹塑性模型基础上,对硬化参数进行修正,并引入与相变线相关的状态参量,建立了一个新的剪胀性砂土本构模型.该模型尤其适合于中密砂和密砂,对于松砂则退化为原弹塑性模型.模型包含9个材料参数,参数比较容易确定.数值模拟结果能较好的描述砂土的主要特性.     

商业模式创新理论模型构建研究

此研究的开展基于以下背景：在新的一波转型浪潮中，创新商业模式的必要性和迫切性与日俱增，虽然对商业模式创新过程的研究在逐年增加，但多聚焦于成功企业商业模式创新的变革阶段或成功创业者的高阶战略认知，缺乏对商业模式创新过程的进一步抽象和总结，以致无法回答企业“如何进行商业模式创新”的问题。此研究认为，以“活动系统”为中心的商业模式创新理论模型——光谱模型，确定了商业模式创新的逻辑起点和逻辑终点，融合了从整体上指导企业进行商业模式创新的价值过程和从认知视角指导活动开展的商业模式创新源过程，呈现出商业模式创新过程中主体之间的动态交互和子过程的动态迭代，旨在更直观地回答企业“如何进行商业模式创新”。     

一类索赔额相依风险模型的研究

讨论了一类离散时间模型,包含了两种索赔:主索赔和由它产生的副索赔,得到了该模型下有限时间生存概率的递推公式.     

自由模型下单因子试验的函数分解模型

本系列论文试图提供并完善一套对自由模型下单因子试验进行设计与分析的新方法，并对其进行严格的理论推导和证明。作为系列论文的首篇，给出了四种自由模型的定义，并引出自由模型下单因子试验的函数分解模型。     

基于Boosting方法的混合正态模型选择

基于Boosting算法的思想给出了混合正态模型选择的一递归式的算法,该算法可以相对精确地估计出混合模型中成分的个数,还可以得到模型中的参数的估计,从数值例子来看其估计效果比较理想.     

手征模型研究的进展

描述宏观世界中一些具有手征性的现象,阐述在微观世界里的手征性现象、手征对称及其有关理论,总结手征模型在核理论研究中的发展情况,指出手征模型应用中存在的问题及该模型的应用前景.     

基于通用模型的中期风特性模型仿真研究

用通用模型对风电场风速数据进行模拟,用最小误差逼近法计算通用模型参数,并对利用通用模型估算出的风特征数据和利用实测风力数据计算出的风特征数据做了对比分析。分析得出,通用模型对风电场实测风力数据的拟合效果良好,具有实用性。     

输电费用法用于安全经济扩展网络规划优化的改进

基于实际输电网运行方式的多样性,提出了输电费用法潮流在安全经济扩展网络规划优化中具有较直流潮流更优的分布方案——这与人们长期以来的观点是相悖的,从而经其使用方法的改进为得到技术上可行、经济上更优的规划方案提供了可能。以此为基础,整个规划过程可分为初选网络、扩展网络和安全扩展网络三步相连的协调计算过程。该方法已在某省电网规划中应用,并经IEEE6节点实验系统的计算分析,表明了方法的优势和实用性。     

A Two species Mutualistic Model on the Basis of Generalized Logistic Model

以广义Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ方程ｄｘｄｔ＝μｘｘｍ－ｘｘｍ＋（ｋ－１）ｘ（μ,ｋ,ｘｍ为常系数）为基础,推广了Ｍａｙ－两种群互惠模型ｄｘｄｔ＝μ１ｘ［１－ｘｘｍ＋α２ｙ］ｄｙｄｔ＝μ２ｙ［１－ｙｙｍ＋α１ｘ］用方程ｄｘｄｔ＝μ１ｘｘｍ＋α２ｙ－ｘｘｍ＋α２ｙ＋（ｋ１－１）ｘｄｙｄｔ＝μ２ｙｙｍ＋α１ｘ－ｙｙｍ＋α１ｘ＋（ｋ２－１）ｙ描述两种群互惠共存．当ｋ１＝ｋ２＝１时,该方程化为Ｍａｙ－两种群互惠模型,当Ｙ＝０时,该方程化为广义Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ方程,我们证明了,当α１α２＜１时,该系统存在唯一的正平衡点,当α１＜１,α２＜１,０＜ｋ１＜１,０＜ｋ２＜１时,正平衡点局部渐近稳定;当α１α２＜１,ｋ１１,ｋ２１时,正平衡点在０＝｛（ｘ,ｙ）｜ｘ＞０,ｙ＞０｝上全局稳定,并讨论了系数的生态意义及确定方法．