低饱和场巨磁电阻金属多层膜Ni80Fe20／Cu的结构与磁电阻

采用磁控溅射方法，获得了具有低饱和场巨磁电阻的Ｎｉ８０Ｆｅ２０／Ｃｕ金属多层膜，在室温下，其磁电阻和层间耦合状态随Ｃｕ层厚度的增加呈振荡变化，在Ｃｕ层厚度ｔＣｕ＝１．０ｎｍ，２．２ｎｍ时磁电阻出现２个峰值分别为１９．４％和１１．７％，饱和场约为６．４×１０＾４Ａ／ｍ和８×１０＾３Ａ／ｍ低温下（７７Ｋ）磁电阻为３３．２％和２７．６％，系统地研究了ＮｉＦｅ层厚度和周期数对多层膜磁电阻的影响，用真空退火     

钝化硅太阳电池减反射膜的研究

从多层膜系在某一波长的反射率的计算原理和计算方法入手，采用等效分界面和权重反射率Ｒｗ的概念，给出了多层膜系优化的普适方法．具体计算了钝化太阳电池（含ＳｉＯ２钝化层）的单层减反射膜和双层减反射膜的优化设计，给出了常用减反射材料的最佳膜厚值，并得出结论：双层膜的减反射效果优于单层膜，平面双层减反射膜的权重反射率Ｒｗ小于６％，加微槽结构后降至２％以下（ＳｉＯ２钝化层厚度为２５ｎｍ）．     

Co/Pb多层膜的磁垂直各向异性与磁光克尔效应

我们用射频磁控溅射方法制备了一系列Ｃｏ／Ｐｂ多层膜样品，转矩仪测量结果表明，当Ｐｂ层厚度小于２纳米时，磁垂直各向异性场Ｈｕ随Ｐｂ层厚度的减小而增加。在磁光极克尔效应的测量中，发现在短波方向有磁光增强现象，并对磁光增强的可能机制进行了研究     

膜厚对NiO/NiFe/Cu/NiFe磁阻效应的影响

用射频磁控溅射方法制备多层膜,研究了双层膜ＮｉＯ／ＮｉＦｅ的矫顽力Ｈｃ和交换耦合场Ｈｅｘ与反铁磁层ＮｉＯ、铁磁层ＮｉＦｅ厚度的关系,结果表明：ＮｉＯ厚度为７０ｎｍ时,Ｈｅｘ最大;Ｈｃ随ＮｉＯ厚度增大而增大．当ＮｉＦｅ厚度增加时,Ｈｅｘ近似线性减小;而Ｈｃ则随ＮｉＦｅ厚度增大开始有缓慢增加,然后才减小．对于ＮｉＯ（７０ｎｍ）／ＮｉＦｅ（ｔ１）／Ｃｕ（２．２ｎｍ）／ＮｉＦｅ（ｔ２）自旋阀多层膜材料（括号内的量表示厚度）,研究了ＮｉＦｅ膜厚度对磁阻效应的影响,结果表明：被钉扎层ＮｉＦｅ的厚度为３ｎｍ,自由层ＮｉＦｅ的厚度为５ｎｍ时,ＭＲ值最大,约为１．６％．     

基于X射线荧光的铝硅共渗涂层厚度测量研究

铝硅共渗涂层常喷涂于发动机高温叶片表面，涂层的防护对于延长发动机叶片的使用寿命至关重要。X射线荧光无损检测技术能快速便捷地监控涂层厚度情况，但是目前这种方法对于多元素双层膜铝硅共渗涂层厚度的检测不准确。为了进一步研究多元素双层膜铝硅共渗涂层厚度与X射线荧光检测值的关系，基于X射线荧光无损检测技术提出了一种方法来减小X射线荧光测量数据的误差，再通过验证钼元素荧光对数值与第1层膜厚度之间的线性关系来确定这种方法的可行性，最后基于X射线荧光吸收与发散的原理，拟合出中间层膜的厚度与钼元素荧光之间的计算模型。得出以下结论：当膜中钼元素质量分数大于基底中该元素质量分数时，随着膜厚度值的增加，仪器接收到的荧光效应先减弱再增强，临界值大约为14.3 μm，小于该临界值的铝硅共渗涂层，涂层元素相互渗透对厚度测量的影响不可忽视。     

斑马鱼（Branchydaniorerio）视网膜正常结构的定量研究

本文采用半薄切片甲苯胺蓝染色方法，对斑马鱼视网膜正常结构进行了形态学观察，并对视网膜各层厚度，特别是神经节细胞层中细胞核的大小和密度进行了定量分析。结果表明：斑马鱼视网膜正常结构象大多数脊椎动物的一样分为１０层，其总厚度为１６７．５±１２．５μｍ、除外、内界膜外、其余各层由外向内分别为：色素上皮层约２９．６±５．９μｍ，视杆视锥层２５．４±３．４μｍ，外核层８．９±ｌ．４μｍ，外网状层８．９±２．０μｍ，内核层２９．５±４．８μｍ，内网状层３７．８±５．６μｍ，神经节细胞层与视神经纤维层一起共２５．９±３．７μｍ，其中神经节细胞核长轴平均约８．０±１．２μｍ，，短轴约７．３±１．１μｍ，每ｍｍ长度中约含１２５．８±４０．０个神经节细胞核。这些数据可为以后更深入的科研工作提供参考价值。同时讨论了斑马鱼视网膜具有典型的光照条件好，白昼活动型的结构特点。     

用光波导法测量外延石榴石薄膜的光学参数

用棱镜耦合在磁性石榴石外延膜进行光导波传输，通过测量传输耦合角，可同时确定外延膜的折射率和厚度．薄膜折射率测量误差为２．８×１０（－３），薄膜厚度测量相对误差为０．０５５．     

磁致位移传感器冰雪厚度测量仪原理及其应用

基于磁致伸缩原理的位移传感器具有高精度、高稳定性、多位置测量的特点,据此研制了一种能同时测量冰/雪表面和冰底面变化的接触式冰雪厚度测量仪.该仪器被应用到低温实验室冰厚和南极固定冰区冰雪厚度的测量中.实验室历时540h,测量精度±0.13cm;现场应用持续6个月,测量精度±0.20cm.高精度的测量数据,特别是现场测量数据,为分析冰厚变化的细微过程提供了基础,为深入研究气-冰-海耦合过程,完善海冰热力学数值模型提供了支持.另外,该仪器还能为冰工程领域的研究提供技术支持.     

用光波导法测量外延石榴石薄膜的光学参数

用棱镜耦合在磁性石榴石外延膜进行光导波传输，通过测量传输耦合角，可同时确定外延膜的折射率和厚度。薄膜折射率测量误差为２．８×１０＾－３，薄膜厚度测量相对误差为０．００５。     

黄铜在BTA中形成的表面膜特性

利用伏安法，椭圆偏振法和ＸＰＳ法对黄铜在ＢＴＡ中形成的表面化学转化膜的成分，结构，厚度及导电性进行了结果表明，表面膜层属半导体，膜易被击穿，膜层为双层结构，即黄铜／Ｃｕ２Ｏ／Ｃｕ（Ｉ）ＢＴＡ膜。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with