大麻脱胶方法的研究进展

分析了大麻纤维的主要结构特点,总结了目前大麻的主要脱胶方法有：天然水微生物脱胶法、化学脱胶法、物理脱胶法、生物脱胶法。综合分析了各脱胶方法的研究进展及特点。提出在今后生产中,大麻脱胶应该是多种方法联合使用,充分利用物理方法进行预处理,结合微生物、生物酶等进行处理,减少化学方法的使用,缩短脱胶的时间,提高脱胶的效率、效果和纤维质量,达到绿色环保的效果。     

大麻纤维机械-生物酶联合脱胶技术

为了克服化学法脱胶对环境污染严重和单一的生物酶脱胶率低的缺点,研究了大麻纤维机械-生物酶联合脱胶技术,讨论了机械处理的次数与残胶率的关系及通过正交试验确定了酶脱胶的最优工艺参数.即果胶酶浓度8%(o.w.f.)、脱胶时间6 h、脱胶温度50℃、常压、pH=5,浴比1:15、JFC 2%.用扫描电镜(SEM)对大麻纤维机械-酶脱胶前后的表面形态进行表征.实验结果表明机械-生物酶联合脱胶比单独的酶脱胶效果要好,脱胶后大麻纤维的残胶率为20.4%,比单独酶脱胶下降了8%左右.     

大麻纤维性能及生物酶脱胶工艺的研究

针对麻纤维采用化学脱胶会对纤维造成损伤的问题,提出了大麻纤维生物酶脱胶的新方法,并且用正交试验方法确定了生物酶脱胶的最佳工艺,即作用时间2 h,果胶酶浓度5 g/L,pH值4.5,温度50 ℃,后处理氢氧化钠质量浓度0.6%.生物酶对大麻进行脱胶处理,其作用条件温和,对纤维损伤小,生产中容易掌握脱胶的程度,有利于提高出麻率,且耗水少、污染轻.     

脱胶工艺对大麻纤维吸声性能的影响

为研究脱胶对大麻纤维吸声性能的影响,选用正交设计法对大麻打成麻进行碱煮脱胶工艺优化,分析了脱胶时间、浴比、NaOH用量、Na2SO3浓度和Na2SiO3浓度对大麻纤维降噪系数的影响.结果表明,NaOHlOg/L,Na2SO3质量分数50%,Na2SiO3质量分数40%,浴比1:60,在100℃条件下处理5h,大麻纤维的吸声性能最好.     

大麻纤维微生物脱胶菌株的筛选、鉴定及其应用

为了筛选并获得高效的大麻纤维脱胶菌株,以沤麻液为筛选来源,采用选择平板进行初筛,再以摇瓶脱胶实验进行复筛,以脱胶麻的残胶率为指标,筛选大麻脱胶微生物.最终获得两株高效的脱胶菌株,经形态学和16S,rRNA鉴定均属于枯草芽胞杆菌.大麻分别经两株菌和两株菌混合脱胶4,d后,残胶率由原麻的50%,左右都降低到了13%,左右,纤维素含量由原麻的50%,都增长到82%,,肉眼观察纤维完全发散,色泽光亮洁白,在电镜下扫描观察没有明显的纤维损伤.这说明筛选到的两株枯草芽胞杆菌都具有应用到大麻脱胶工业的潜力,也为大麻的生物法脱胶提供了一定的依据.     

大麻快速脱胶新工艺

大麻是一种天然的一年生草本植物,其纤维具有强力高、伸长小、刚度大、吸湿放湿快、吸汗、透气、凉爽、柔软等特点,因此可作为服装纺纱原料。由于大麻的单纤维长度只有20mm左右,纺纱时只能利用其束纤维,即多根纤维粘接起来的长纤维。现有的大麻脱胶工艺基本上是沿用苧麻脱胶工艺的两煮一打一漂一酸洗的工艺流程。由于这一工艺需高温、     

大麻处理工艺

大麻原麻属于高木质素含量麻种。以去除木质素为主要目的，对传统的原麻化学脱胶工艺进行了改造，采用无酸重二煮的工艺方法制取大麻的精干麻，取得了明显效果。     

大麻快速化学脱胶工艺初探

主要对应用预氧处理和预尿氧处理以及预尿氧处理分别与一煮法和二煮法结合的大麻脱胶工艺的效果作了初步的探索,提出预尿氧处理与一煮法结合的大麻快速化学脱胶方法将会有广阔的发展前景.     

SBR法处理大麻脱胶废水的应用

大麻脱胶废水中的有机物浓度高、碱性强,治理难度较大.文章以六安市开源大麻纺织厂大麻脱胶废水处理为例,讨论采用SBR生化法处理大麻脱胶废水的工艺与设计.该厂兴建的这套系统操作简便,运行稳定,日处理能力为300t,占地约150m2,每吨废水投资1160元,吨废水处理费用0.71元,BOD5去除率达到95%,CODcr去除率也在90%以上,废水经处理后能够达到国家规定的排放标准,值得推广使用.     

大麻脱胶高酶活菌株的诱变选育

原始菌株Bacillus sp.No.46经紫外诱变后,挑取76株进行摇瓶初,复筛,复得10株诱变株,果胶酶酶活高于原菌株20％－30％,聚半乳糖醛酸酸酶活提高35％－70%,连续液大麻脱胶试验残胶率低于10％,脱胶后大麻纤维特数可达19－11,脱胶后酶活酶活损失约20％,脱胶酶液至少可用2次以上。     

静电纺丝法制备溶解型胶原蛋白肽/丝素蛋白复合纤维面膜

采用静电纺丝技术制备了一种溶解型贴式面膜。将胶原蛋白肽、丝素蛋白两种精华成分加入8%聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）的甲酸溶液中作为纺丝液,以旋转滚筒作为接收装置进行静电纺丝。探究了共混比例、纺丝液浓度及透明质酸添加量对静电纺丝纤维的影响。通过扫描电子显微镜、电子万能实验机对纤维形貌和纤维膜的力学强度进行测试表征,随后进一步对面膜的保湿补水性能进行测试,分析了该纤维膜的实际功效。结果表明,复合纤维具有较均一的形貌,膜布本身可以起到精华液的作用,具有良好的溶解性,能够起到较好的保湿补水作用。     

Properties and Chemical Treatment of Banana Fiber

Comparing to some other fibers,the mechanical andsome physical properties of banana fiber,constituent ofbanana fiber have been studied in this paper,mean-while,for improving some characteristics of banana fi-ber,the chemical treatments were used to modify the fi-ber.The results show that the coarse and brittle bananafiber,will be difficult to process in traditional spinningsystem.     

二醋酯纤维的结构特性

采用DSC、X-射线衍射和密度梯度管等技术研究了二醋酯纤维的结晶、取向等结构特性，初步探讨了不同纺丝工艺对纤维结构特性的影响，发现：二醋酯纤维存在两种晶型结构，结晶度和取向度都较低；以相同二醋片为原料时，纺丝工艺对纤维的结构特性有影响但不明显，而烟用纺丝工艺和纺织用纺丝工艺之间的差别对纤维结构特性的影响则相对较大。     

Simulation and Analysis of Fiber Motion in Condensing Zone of Compact Spinning with Lattice Apron

To get fiber motion in condensing zone of compact spinning,velocity of this area is achieved by simulation,and then a bead-elastic rod fiber model is established.Based on simulation and dynamic analysis on this zone,governing equations are constructed and Runge-Kutta approach is used.Lastly,trajectories of fibers are calculated by specially designed Matlab procedure according to the^principles mentioned above.Results show that fiber motions at different initial positions are difierent;X-axis velocity component makes fibers gathering on sides of suction slot;Y-axis airflow gets fibers gradually close and then stick to the surface of lattice apron.Fiber motions also reflect that the compact spinning process in condensing zone can bedivided into three parts:fast convergence zone,adjustment convergence zone,and steady convergence zone.     

纺丝工艺对高相对分子质量Lyocell 纤维素纤维性能的影响

使用高相对分子质量的纤维素——医用脱脂棉(铜铵法聚合度DP＝1400)为纺丝原料，N—甲基吗啉—N—氧化物(NMMO）作溶剂，采用Lyocell工艺进行纺丝制备高强高模纤维素纤维；通过正交设计和系统试验，考察了纺丝工艺参数(气隙长度，拉伸比，凝固洛浓度和喷丝板孔数)对最终Lyocell纤维机械性能的影响。结果表明，对于这一体系，纺丝工艺参数对纤维的拉伸强度、初始模量及断裂伸长率都有不同程度的影响；在工艺优化的基础上，制备出了拉伸强度8．9cN／dtex，初始模量163cN／dtex的高强高模纤维素纤维。     

Analysis and Discussion of Fiber Motion in the Spinning Triangle of Ring Spinning

In order to analyze the effect of the spinning triangle on yarn structure,a shape model of the spinning triangle is established.The fiber motion in the spinning triangle can be divided into three stages,and the relationship between yarn structure and fiber duration as well as the force acting on the fibers in the three stages is analyzed.The fiber elongation in different location of the spinning triangle is variational.The difference is that the elongation of fiber in the middle spinning triangle is bigger than that in the edge of it and the difference will be amplified with the increase of spinning triangle width,which has an effect on the characteristic of yarns structure.Research results for further study on compact yarn structure and improving spinning frame structure provide theorybasis.     

Effect of Processing Parameters on Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Hollow Gel-Spun Lignin/Graphene Oxide/Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) Fibers

To investigate the influence of various processing parameters on the mechanical properties of fibers, lignin/graphene oxide(GO)/poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA) fibers with different mass ratios of lignin and GO to PVA were prepared by gel spinning technique. Air drawing process and spinneret diameters were tuned as the main factors. The tensile strength increased up to 472 MPa with air drawing process applied in 30 L0.05 GO0.72 D-A PVA fibers(air-drawn PVA fibers reinforced by 30% lignin and 0.05% GO spun with a spinneret diameter of 0.72 mm), indicating 17.4% higher than that of the fiber without air drawing process(402 MPa). Similarly, at least a 14.6% increase in Young's modulus has been achieved for 30 L0.05 GO0.72 D-A fiber. In addition, a smaller spinneret diameter(0.72 mm) also led to a 24.9% increase in tensile strength and a 7.7% increase in Young's modulus in comparison with those of 5 L0.05 GO0.84 D-A fibers.     

荨麻纤维可纺性能的分析研究

探讨天然野生植物纤维--荨麻纤维的可纺性.测试了荨麻纤维的物理机械性能,如长度、细度、强度和柔软度等指标,分析了荨麻纤维在纺织加工过程中的纺纱性能;采用不同的纺纱系统和纺纱工艺,对其可纺性作了进一步的研究.结果表明,由于荨麻纤维的主体长度较短,细度和长度离散较大,纯荨麻纤维无法成纱,与棉混纺时可以成纱;但成纱质量并不理想.为开发野生荨麻资源提供参考.     

Influence of Thermal Treatment on the Structure and Thermal Properties of Kaolin Modified Polyester Fibers

Modified polyester fibers were obtained using 2% and 6% of kaolin blends through melt spinning.The influences of two thermal treatments maintaining the original tension(180 ℃×2 min and 200 ℃×1 min)on the structure and properties of fiber were compared.The changes of grain size and crystallinity of fiber were investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD).The changes of thermal properties of fibers were analyzed using dynamic mechanical analyzer(DMA).The results show that the crystalline structure of kaolin modified polyester fiber doesn't change with the thermal treatment.With the kaolin content increasing,the grain size of fiber changed.The higher the thermal treatment temperature is,the higher the crystallinity of fiber is.There are two glass-transition temperatures for kaolin modified:the lower one is the glass-transition temperature of polyester fiber matrix,and the higher one is derived from the heterogeneous blend of polyester matrix and nano kaolin.The higher the kaolin content is,the higher the glass-transition temperature is.Thermal treatment could increase the compatibility of polyester matrix and nano kaolin.There was only one glass-transition temperature for the thermal treatment fiber,and the heat resistance of fiber was improved.Thermogravimetric analysis-differential scanning calorimetry(TGA-DSC)results of kaolin modified polyethylene terephthalate(PET)matrix indicate that the decomposition temperature of PET fibers,kaolin modified PET fibers,and thermal treated fibers were little different within 40%-60% of weight loss rate range.     

Blended Yarns of Modacrylic Fibers with Silk Protein

The fiber properties of modacrylic fibers with silk protein and spinning technology for blended knitting yarns are studied. By testing the fiber properties, fiber spinn-ability is analysed. Modacrylic fibers with silk protein are brittle and have poor cohesion, so the key to process modacrylic fibers with silk protein lies in forming lap and sliver. During opening and carding, low speed is used to decrease fiber damage and the proper static resistant oil is applied to eliminate lapping fibers. Besides, the temperature and relative humidity have to be strictly controlled. The applications of modacrylic fibers with silk protein are also put forward.