均匀设计法在酶解蚕蛹蛋白工艺研究中的应用

目的:探讨均匀设计法在酶解蚕蛹蛋白工艺研究中的应用情况.方法:采用均匀设计法对胰酶水解桑蚕蛹蛋白粉的工艺条件进行研究.结果:以较少次数的试验.获得了水解的最佳工艺条件.结论:均匀设计法用于酶解工艺设计,省时省力,可推广.     

酶水解纤维素条件的优化

为了探究酶水解纤维素的最优条件,以麦草浆为原料,研究纤维素酶用量、pH、水解温度、底物质量分数和酶水解时间对酶水解得率的影响,通过正交实验对酶水解纤维素的工艺条件进行优化.最佳条件为:酶用量27,U,pH,5.5,水解温度50,℃,底物质量分数2%,水解时间60,h.在此条件下,酶水解得率可以达到75.8%.     

黑曲霉AJ1958菊粉酶的产生和性质

从菊芋根际土壤中分离出一株菊粉酶（ＩｎｕｌｉｎａｓｅＥ．Ｃ．３．２．１．７）产生菌，经物理和化学诱变得高酶活黑曲霉突变株ＡＪ１９５８．该菌株在培养基（０．０７ｇ／ｍＬ菊芋提取液１０００ｍＬ，豆饼粉５ｇ，麸皮５ｇ，ＫＣＩ０．７ｇ，ＦｅＳＯ４·７Ｈ２Ｏ０．０１ｇ，ＭｇＳＯ４·７Ｈ２Ｏ０．５ｇ，ＰＨ５．０）中，于３０℃振荡培养３ｄ，酶活力可达６４μｍｏｌ·ｍｉｎ－１．酶水解反应的最适ＰＨ为３．０～４．０，最适温度为６０℃，在ＰＨ２．５～５．５的范围内和７５℃以下较稳定．适宜条件下，１０ｈ内０．０５ｇ／ｍＬ的菊粉溶液中之底物几乎１００％被酶水解．产物糖中果糖质量分数为９３％，葡萄糖质量分数为５．６％．该突变株产生的菊粉酶具有较满意的水解性和热稳定性．     

Alcalase酶解蛋清粉制备抗凝血肽的工艺优化

采用Alcalase碱性蛋白酶酶解蛋清粉制备食源性抗凝血肽。结果表明:底物浓度过大会抑制水解度的增长,底物质量分数为1%时蛋白质完全水解后的产物抗凝血活性最佳;高温和低温均对水解度有影响,低温酶解产物的抗凝血活性较好;pH值对水解度的影响与Alcalase的最适pH值有关;pH值为7时,抗凝血活性最好;酶/底物浓度增大,但底物不变的情况下,对水解度的提高不明显,酶/底物浓度过大,导致抗凝血活性降低。考虑交互作用经试验优化设计确定的酶解最佳工艺参数为:底物质量分数为1%,酶解温度为50 ℃,酶/底物质量分数为5%,酶解pH为8。在该条件下水解2 h,凝血抑制率达到68.92%。     

高变性豆粕中蛋白质水解特性的研究

就高变性豆粕的胰蛋白酶水解问题进行了研究，指出胰蛋白酶水解蛋白质的最适温度为４５℃，最适ｐＨ值为８０。水解高变性豆粕的最佳条件为：温度４５℃，ｐＨ值８０，时间为６ｈ，底物浓度为９０％，酶量／底物为８０００Ｉ·ｕ／ｇ。在此条件下，高变性豆粕中蛋白质可有６３１５％水解溶出     

克鲁维酵母y－85菊粉酶水解菊粉的研究及其中试

克鲁维酵母（Ｋｌｕｖｅｒｏｍｙｃｅｓｓｐ．）Ｙ－８５在菊粉提取液培养基中生长产菊粉酶，其细胞和胞外的菊粉酶活力分别约占菊粉酶总活力的７６％和２４％．试验中以酶发酵液作酶液．该酶的Ｓ／Ｉ值为１５．２．酶液在５０，５５和６０℃下保温１ｈ，活力分别残留１００％，９６％和６５％；在８℃下放置７ｄ，１４ｄ，酶活力分别残留９８％和９６％．在ｐＨ３．６～７．０内，酶活性十分稳定．５ｍｍｏｌＬ－半胱氨酸和Ｆｅ＋２分别可使酶活力提高１０．４％和４１．２％．ｙ－８５菊粉酶水解菊粉的适宜条件是：底物为总糖浓度１０％～１５％菊粉提取液，ｐＨ５．０，温度为５５℃，酶用量为底物每克糖加酶８００ｕ（以蔗糖为底物测酶活力）或２６．３ｕ（以菊糖为底物测酶活力）、搅拌酶解６ｈ．在上述条件上，底物降解率最高可达９８．５％．酶解液中，果糖占总还原糖量的８５％．用１１００Ｌ罐进行酶解中试，５批试验，底物降解率平均达９４．２％．     

碱性蛋白酶水解海洋鱼鳞工艺改进

鱼鳞中含有丰富的蛋白质资源,如何充分利用该资源越来越受到关注.利用碱性蛋白酶水解海洋鱼鳞蛋白制备鱼鳞蛋白多肽.通过考察温度、时间、酶量、底物浓度等单一因素对水解鱼鳞蛋白的影响,确定并设计了L9(34)正交试验因素和水平,最终获得了碱性蛋白酶水解海洋鱼鳞蛋白优化工艺条件,即温度60℃,时间1.5h,酶量3%(质量分数),底物质量分数10%.在此条件下,酶解所得水解度为32.38%.与其他方法比较,该工艺条件下水解时间大大缩短.检测了该条件所得蛋白肽段的分子质量分布,结果表明酶解产物主要集中在1～6ku.由此可见,该优化条件适合规模化生产,所得蛋白肽可以满足食品、化妆品行业的需求.     

酶法水解乳清蛋白过程的优化

以浓缩乳清蛋白为原料，选择碱性蛋白酶（Alcalase）水解乳清蛋白。分析了pH、温度、酶和底物比（E／S）和反应时间等因素对乳清蛋白水解的影响。通过响应面法分析，确定了碱性蛋白酶（Alcalase）酶解乳清蛋白的最佳水解条件为：pH8．5、反应温度55℃、酶和底物比0．05。水解3．0h，水解度为19．34％。     

碱性蛋白酶水解豆粕制备ACE抑制肽水解条件的优化

为了寻求高效的血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)抑制肽制备方法,在实验室条件下利用碱性蛋白酶水解豆粕生产ACE抑制肽,并采用单因素和多因素实验相结合的方法对酶解条件进行优化.结果发现,适当延长碱性蛋白酶的水解时间和提高p H,可大幅度提高ACE抑制肽的抑制活性.单因素和多因素实验综合结果显示,碱性蛋白酶水解豆粕产生ACE抑制肽的适宜水解条件为:p H为9.0,水解温度为50℃,水解时间为4 h,蛋白酶质量分数(酶质量/底物质量)为2.0%,底物质量浓度为40 g/L,在此条件下制备的ACE抑制肽的抑制率可达到97.97%.     

pH渐变条件下双酶协同水解大豆蛋白

研究了在没有外加碱的pH渐变条件下．用枯草杆菌碱性蛋白酶(Alcalase 2．4L,酶活力2．4AU/g)和黑曲霉酸性蛋白酶(酶活力3000u／g)双酶协同水解从大豆蛋白制备寡肽(10个氨基酸以下的肽)水解物的可行性．考察了单酶单因素水解条件、双酶加入方式对大豆蛋白降解率和蛋白质水解度的影响,并在此基础上通过正交试验进一步优化出双酶一次性投料方案下水解大豆蛋白的最佳条件：水解温度为60℃．碱性蛋白酶加入量为每g蛋白15μL,酸性蛋白酶加入量为6％,底物浓度为40g／L,水解时间为18h．在上述最佳条件下,大豆蛋白的降解率可达76％,蛋白质的水解度可达26％,水解物中相对分子质量小于1350的寡肽达到了66％．结果表明,在不外加碱的条件下,采用双酶协同水解方法能够显著提高大豆蛋白降解率以及蛋白质水解度．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the