近红外发射荧光材料的研究

近红外发射材料在便携式近红外光谱仪、太阳能电池、光学通信、环境监测等领域有着潜在应用价值.其主要包含掺杂过渡金属离子(如Cr~(3+))、掺杂稀土离子(如Yb~(3+),Eu~(2+))的荧光粉以及半导体量子点(如Ag_2S,PbS).结合以上分类,介绍了近年来近红外发射材料的研究进展.     

半导体量子点的光学性质及其在生物标记中的应用

半导体量子点是近几年发展起来的新型纳米材料,其独特的光学性质使之成为理想的荧光探针材料,在生物医学领域具有广阔的应用前景.本文概述了量子点的光学性质、合成方法、以及在生物标记中的应用,并对其发展进行了展望.     

量子点的量子效应及其在荧光标记中的应用

近年来,纳米技术已经成为人们广泛关注的前沿领域之一,引起国际上的普遍重视。量子点（QDs）又称半导体纳米微晶体,是一种由Ⅱ～Ⅵ族或Ⅲ～Ⅴ族元素组成的约2nm～20nm的纳米晶粒,具有独特的发光特性,可作为新型的荧光探针用于多种标记物的同时检测,极大地促进了荧光标记在生物医学中的应用。本文概述了这种量子点的量子特性以及其在荧光标记方面所具有的重要应用价值。     

荧光碳量子点的合成与生物成像应用及生物安全性研究进展

荧光探针在生命科学领域被广泛应用于生物成像领域.随着纳米技术的迅速发展,一些新类型的纳米荧光探针应运而生.荧光碳量子点(carbon dots)以其良好的生物相容性、优异的的抗光漂白能力、长荧光寿命和宽荧光光谱区域,在生物成像方面有广泛的应用前景.重点关注近年来碳量子点在合成、生物成像以及生物安全性方面的进展,对开发成更安全和更灵敏的碳量子点探针进行了探讨.     

红色荧光碳点:合成、性质与应用

近年来,碳点作为一类新型的光致发光纳米材料正在迅速发展.众所周知,碳点的合成方法简单,且具有良好的水溶性、高稳定性、低毒性等特性,在某些方面甚至优于传统的半导体量子点,特别是红色荧光的碳点以其优异的光学特性引起了广泛关注.该综述总结了最近几年来有关红色荧光的碳点的研究成果,讨论当下面临的问题并提出对未来的展望.我们希望通过探讨光致发光机理,设计使用特定的前体、合成方法、异原子掺杂和表面处理等使碳点发出特殊的红光并应用于生物成像、光电学、传感等领域.     

Ag纳米粒子增强CdS白光量子点器件的研制

在十八烯体系中合成Cd S量子点,用光诱导法制备银纳米粒子,并将两者复合,制备成4种复合样品,分析复合样品的荧光谱,在银纳米颗粒的表面等离子体共振峰分别对应于富含缺陷的硫化镉量子点的带边荧光峰和表面态荧光峰时,发生了带边荧光淬灭而表面态荧光增强的现象.结果表明,通过控制金属和量子点之间的距离,能够控制带边荧光辐射和缺陷带荧光辐射的比例,从而控制白光量子点的色温.采用395 nm紫光LED作为激发光源,将涂有荧光样品的玻片与激发光源组装成银纳米颗粒/量子点复合结构白光照明器件原型,银纳米粒子能够改变Cd S量子点样品发光颜色,荧光效应的增强程度随着量子点样品的厚度减小而加强.该研究为认识荧光物质和金属之间的相互作用提供了新途径,同时探讨了该器件在变色发光材料方向的应用前景.     

用甲苯-水两相体系制备CdS量子点

为了能够制备出性能良好的CdS量子点,采用两相体系,用温和易控的方法,合成了不同粒径的CdS半导体量子点.用X线粉末衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、荧光光谱仪等测试手段对产物进行了表征.结果表明:合成的CdS量子点粒径均匀,为立方晶型,具有良好荧光特性,通过控制反应时间可以控制CdS量子点的粒径,而且可以有效减少晶体的表面缺陷,提高荧光强度,从而进一步应用在光电、催化、传感、生物等领域.     

强发光的CdS量子点的水相制备及其表面修饰

室温下以柠檬酸钠为稳定剂,在水相中合成了CdS量子点.通过分析浓度、pH值、配比等因素,获得了强发光CdS量子点的制备条件.初步推断具有高能带隙的立方晶相的CdO·nH2O对同样是立方相的CdS量子点的表面修饰是得到强发光荧光性能的重要原因.     

生物功能化碳量子点制备

为了实现碳量子点在细胞荧光成像方面的应用,采用共价修饰的方法对碳量子点进行生物功能化.采用水热法,以柠檬酸为碳源,乙二胺为钝化剂合成了蓝色荧光碳量子点.为了进一步实现碳量子点的共价偶联,对碳量子点进行羧基化处理,然后通过两步功能分子修饰完成生物功能化碳量子点的制备.采用透射电子显微镜、荧光和紫外分光光度计、红外光谱仪、电位粒度分析仪及荧光共聚焦显微镜研究了生物功能化碳量子点的性质和功能.实验结果表明:聚乙二醇(PEG)和核定位肽TAT通过酰胺化反应成功修饰至碳量子点上,叶酸(FA)通过酯化反应成功修饰至PEG末端,两步共价修饰完成了生物功能化碳量子点的制备.该生物功能化碳量子点具有电中性、小尺寸、低毒性和细胞核靶向的功能,适用于细胞荧光成像分析.     

Ge纳米结构的制备技术与发光特性研究进展

Si基纳米发光材料与器件的研究是目前半导体光电子技术领域中的一个活跃前沿.除了Si纳米晶粒、Si量子点和Si/SiO2超晶格等Si纳米结构之外,属于同族元素的Ge纳米结构也因其所具有的优异特性,而呈现出良好的发光性能.评述了Ge纳米结构的制备方法与发光特性在近年内取得的研究进展.     

MXenes量子点的制备及其生物应用

MXenes 量子点 (QDs) 具有优异的金属导电性、亲水性、生物相容性和荧光特性,如今已经可以通过多种不同的合成技术制备出品质较好且性能优异的MXenes QDs,如V2C QDs、TiCN QDs等.该文以独特的视角全面介绍了MXenes QDs的研究进展,首先介绍了水热/溶剂热法、超声法、球磨法、微爆法、熔融盐合成法以及热解法等合成技术,然后介绍了MXenes QDs在免疫调节、肿瘤治疗、生物传感和生物成像等方面的应用,并针对MXenes QDs目前在合成方法和潜在毒性等方面面临的挑战提出了展望,这将为后续MXenes QDs在新兴领域的大规模高效应用提供强有力的科学指导.     

Novel Hybrid SiO_2/ZnS Coated CdTe/CdS Quantum Dots and Their Bioapplications

Novel CdTe/CdS quantum dots(QDs)coated with a hybrid of SiO_2 and ZnS were fabricated through a simple two-step approach.The hybrid SiO_2/ZnS coated CdTe/CdS quantum dots was characterized by transmission electron microscopy(TEM),UV and fluorescence spectrometer.Results indicated that the core-shell structure gave the QDs outstanding photoluminescence properties,includinganarrowphotoluminescencespectrum,high photoluminescence(PL)quantum yield and long emission lifetime(average PL lifetime of increased from 26.4 ns to 49.1 ns).Cellular studies showed the QDs had good cytocompatibility with Hela cells as determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide(MTT)assay after coating SiO_2/ZnS,and also proved the feasibility of using the hybrid SiO_2/ZnS coated QDs as optical probes for in vitro cell imaging.The synthesis method of QDs is highly promising for the production of robust and functional optical probes for bio-imaging and sensing applications.     

基于 In$_{{\bf 1}-x}$Ga$_{x}$P 梯度合金核无镉量子点的制备及 LED 应用

低毒性磷化铟量子点(indium phosphide quantum dot, InP QD)作为最有可能取代有毒重金属镉基量子点的材料, 已经在下一代商业显示和照明领域中显示出巨大潜力. 然而, 合成具有高荧光量子产率(photoluminescence quantum yield, PL QY)的InP QD 仍然具有挑战性. 因此, 提出了以乙酰丙酮镓作为镓源, 在高温下通过乙酰丙酮基对表面配体的活化作用, 生成具有梯度合金核的 In$_{1-x}$Ga$_{x}$P/ZnSe/ZnS 量子点, 有效解决了原有的 InP 与 ZnSe 之间晶格失配的问题; 同时减少核壳界面缺陷, 使量子点的荧光量子产率高达 82%, 所制备量子点发光二极管(quantum dot light-emitting diode, QLED)的外量子效率(external quantum efficiency, EQE)达到 3.1%. 相比传统的 InP/ZnSe/ZnS 结构量子点, In$_{1-x}$Ga$_{x}$P/ZnSe/ZnS 量子点荧光量子产率提高了 25%, 器件的外量子效率提高了近一倍. 该方案为解决 InP 量子点荧光量子产率低、发光器件性能差等问题提供了新的思路.     

Recent advances in non-toxic quantum dots and their biomedical applications

Quantum dots (QDs) with unique quantum confinement effect and electro-optical properties are attractive for biomedical applications. Toxic effects of traditional semiconductor QDs made of heavy metal ions have serious safety concerns for their undesired environmental or healthy impact. Recent reports on core-shell structure modification of QDs by using biocompatible ligands or polymers is one way to be effectively minimizing toxicity effects of traditional QDs. Furthermore, designs of heave metal-free and metal-free QDs formulations are more promising alternatives, due to the non-toxic and eco-friendly nature of the starting materials. In article, we will review the recent designs of non-toxic or less toxic QDs, including carbon-based, biomolecules-based, silicon-based, and ternary I-III-VI QDs, and their biological applications (bio-imaging, drug delivery, gene therapy and immunoassay).     

Colloidal nanocrystal heterostructures with linear and branched topology

The development of colloidal quantum dots has led to practical applications of quantum confinement, such as in solution-processed solar cells, lasers and as biological labels. Further scientific and technological advances should be achievable if these colloidal quantum systems could be electronically coupled in a general way. For example, this was the case when it became possible to couple solid-state embedded quantum dots into quantum dot molecules. Similarly, the preparation of nanowires with linear alternating compositions--another form of coupled quantum dots--has led to the rapid development of single-nanowire light-emitting diodes and single-electron transistors. Current strategies to connect colloidal quantum dots use organic coupling agents, which suffer from limited control over coupling parameters and over the geometry and complexity of assemblies. Here we demonstrate a general approach for fabricating inorganically coupled colloidal quantum dots and rods, connected epitaxially at branched and linear junctions within single nanocrystals. We achieve control over branching and composition throughout the growth of nanocrystal heterostructures to independently tune the properties of each component and the nature of their interactions. Distinct dots and rods are coupled through potential barriers of tuneable height and width, and arranged in three-dimensional space at well-defined angles and distances. Such control allows investigation of potential applications ranging from quantum information processing to artificial photosynthesis.     

Microwave synthesis of Cu-doped ternary ZnCdS quantum dots with composition-controllable photoluminescence

Bright Cu-doped ternary ZnCdS quantum dots (ZnCdS:Cu QDs) with varied Cd concentrations were synthesized in aqueous solution by using a convenient microwave method.These ternary QDs could be directly dispersed in water solution.By regulating the Cd2+ concentration from 0 to 50% (mole fraction of the cations),the photoluminescence excitation (PLE) peak of such ZnCdS:Cu QDs could be continuously redshifted from 320 nm to 380 nm,while their photoluminescence (PL) peak was redshifted from 490 nm to 580 nm,exhibiting multicolor Cu-related emissions.Furthermore,the quantum yield of the ZnCdS:Cu QDs could reach as high as 12% by regulating the Cu doping concentration.These ZnCdS:Cu ternary QDs with kind surface conditions and good composition-controllable optical properties may have potential application in many areas such as sensing,bioimaging,and light-emitting diodes.     

Protease-activated quantum dot probes based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer

A novel sensing system based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between CdTe quantum dots (QDs) and Rhoda-mine B (RB) was established for the detection of matrix metalloproteinases (MMOL/LPs). In this system, 535-nm-emitting quantum dots (QDs) were bound to Rhodamine B (RB) via a MMOL/LP-specific peptide. A 76% reduction in luminescence was achieved because of FRET. Release of RBs by peptide cleavage restores radiative QD photoluminescence. Initial studies observed a 73% rise in luminescence over 60 min. The design platform of the nanosensor is flexible and can be fine-tuned for a wide array of applications such as the detection of biomarkers, early diagnosis of disease, and monitoring therapeutic efficacy simply by changing the sequence of the peptide linker.     

水中痕量重金属离子的碳量子点荧光传感器检测法研究新进展

碳量子点具有优良的荧光特性、制备简单、成本低廉、毒性低、性能稳定和生物相容性好等优点,在荧光传感器方面展现出良好的应用前景,在金属离子检测和生化分析等领域引起了广泛关注。本文综述了碳量子点的制备方法及近5年碳量子点荧光传感器在检测水中痕量重金属离子方面的最新进展,并对碳量子点荧光传感器目前面临的挑战和今后的发展趋势进行了展望,以期为该领域的深入研究提供参考和借鉴。     

量子点的表面修饰、尺寸选择与荧光传感

结合本实验室的工作,综述了近年来基于量子点与分析物的相互作用构建荧光传感系统方面的研究进展.着重对此类传感体系中有关量子点的表面修饰和粒径选择问题进行了评述.     

盐酸羟胺还原二氧化碲合成水溶性CdTe量子点

以二氧化碲为碲源,盐酸羟胺为还原剂,通过改变回流时间,在温和条件下合成了发射波长分别为533,549,564,585 nm的水溶性CdTe量子点。X射线粉末衍射和透射电镜分析表明,所得量子点为具有立方闪锌矿结构的球状颗粒物。主要优点在于合成时所用到碲化物前体与还原剂稳定且廉价,以及在合成过程中没有有毒气体的释放,是一种低成本的绿色合成方法。