临汾淡水轮虫类的调查

各种淡水中的轮虫种类和数量存在着差异,这可能与其污染程度有关.本实验采用瞬间采样、显微镜观察的方法,对临汾地区淡水中的轮虫种类进行调查,通过对照淡水微型生物图谱,观察比较.结果发现:共找到5种轮虫.这说明临汾淡水的污染比较严重.     

淡水原生动物与水体污染之关系

本文通过对西河原生动物种类及数量变化的调查,比较了各河段污染优势种数量及多样性指数,并对淡水原生动物与水体污染的关系,及西河水体污染程度作了探讨。     

广东中山市的淡水贝类调查初报

2005年6-7月和12月对中山市的淡水贝类进行了调查.共采集样本60份,经鉴定,共采集淡水贝类21种,隶属14科17属,其中腹足纲17种,瓣鳃纲4种.该地区的常见种为梨形环棱螺、多棱角螺、放逸短沟蜷、大瓶螺、尖膀胱螺、凸旋螺和河蚬.淡水贝类的分布特点:河流中的种类多样性最高,以适应流水性的前鳃亚纲种类和双壳类为主;溪流与静水水体的种类多样性较低,前者以肺螺亚纲种类为主,后者以前鳃亚纲种类为主.西江下游淡水贝类的物种丰富度和现存量高于洪奇沥、小榄水道和横门水道.讨论了中山市环境现状与淡水贝类分布的关系,并对两个外来种的分布现状及其造成的危害进行了分析.     

深圳福田红树林保护区浮游植物群落的季节变化及其生态学研究

对深圳福田红树林保护区浮游植物群落结构和季节变化进行研究.共鉴定到浮游植物5门25属75种,其中硅藻门21属68种,蓝藻门1属1种,甲藻门1属1种,绿藻门1属3种,裸藻门1属3种.密度的季节变化范围为1.0×106～5.0×106个/L,平均密度为2.7×106个/L.赤潮藻和耐污染特征的种类如威氏海链藻和微小小环藻等是浮游植物的主要成分.底栖性、附着性和淡水性的种类在浮游植物中经常出现.与以前的研究比较,福田红树林区水体浮游植物群落朝着种类个体变小、种类数减少、密度增加、耐污染种类增加的方向变化,这反映了该红树林区水体富营养化程度高,水质持续恶化.     

宁波高教园区人工河夏季轮虫及与水质关系

研究了宁波高教园区人工河2004-2005年夏季轮虫的种类组成、数量、生物量和多样性指数的水平变化和年间变化,并用轮虫污染指示种类和生物多样性指数评价人工河水质污染及水质营养状况.在两个夏季调查中,共发现轮虫35种,其中污染指示轮虫18种.根据平均密度,优势种分别为剪形臂尾轮虫(Brachionusforficula)、针簇多肢轮虫(Polyarthratrigla)和奇异巨腕轮虫(Pedaliamira),占轮虫总数量的54%.人工河中钱湖桥边轮虫的数量、生物量和多样性指数均高于横省桥边;2005年人工河轮虫的数量和生物量均显著低于2004年.高教园区人工河属于中污偏寡污、中度营养型水体.     

红枫湖水库浮游植物演变(1980—2006年)和富营养化趋势研究

根据1980年、1990年、1995年、1997年、1998年、2005年、2006年等年份对红枫湖的调查资料,总结了过去26年来红枫湖水库浮游植物种类组成、数量、优势种类、多样性指数等的主要变化:浮游植物年平均数量在26年内由每毫升几百个增为几万个,夏季为藻类数量的高峰期,蓝藻数量始终占优势,绿藻和硅藻数量变化不大。种类上始终以绿藻和蓝藻占优势,硅藻次之,藻类种类趋于小型化。以浮游植物群落的生态学变化作为主要指标,对红枫湖水库的富营养化过程进行了生物学评价。红枫湖水库26年来的富营养化过程是贫营养至中度富营养—富营养—重富营养,污染过程是轻污染至β-中污染之间—中污染—重污染状态变化,近年红枫湖水库水体有向中污染转变的趋势。     

澜沧江中游藻类植物调查研究

1984年2月,我们首次在澜沧江中游采集了藻类植物标本52号,鉴定出88个种及变种,分别隶属于6个门,浮游种类的个体数平均为每升120,000个。在种类和数量的组成上,以硅藻、绿藻、蓝藻为主,硅藻占优势。优势属种是一些适应于在流水中着生的种类,如红藻中的淡水红毛菜和奥杜藻,绿藻中的刚毛藻硅藻中的等片藻、曲壳藻、卵形藻和异极藻等。我国的特有属和稀有种——空盘藻属和中华鱼子菜也有一定的分布;具有食用与药用价值的溪菜数量也较多,由此可见,澜沧江中游有着丰富的藻类植物资源。     

拒马河底栖动物多样性及其水质评价

首次对拒马河(北京段)的底栖动物群落结构和物种多样性进行了为期9个月的调查分析,并且就其水质现状及底栖动物种类和数量变化对污染的指示意义加以探讨和研究.结果表明,拒马河底栖动物种类较为丰富,物种多样性高,水质生物指标综合评价拒马河水体只受到轻度和中度污染,水质等级为二级.还讨论了底栖动物环境指示种的生态特性.研究表明,水丝蚓(寡毛类)、摇蚊(类)幼虫的数量与污染程度大体呈正相关,软体动物的物种数量与河流污染程度呈负相关.此外,通过对软体动物、环节动物、水生昆虫在不同站点分布的差异分析,表明河流水体污染可导致底栖动物多样性明显降低.从底栖动物指示种的变化,可预测水质变化的趋势以及季节性的差异.     

河南省淡水海绵首次记录

<正> 淡水海绵是生活在淡水中的多孔动物,种类较少。它们多生活在缓流的小河流或池塘中,固着在水中的石块、水生植物或其他外物上生长,为群体,体形不规则。淡水海绵干制品可入药。有时发生在输水管内,造成阻塞。河南省的淡水海绵未曾有过报道,我们于1985年在林县和信阳县采得2种,这是河南省淡水海绵的首次记录。     

迎泽湖轮虫群落特征与富营养化关系的研究

通过对迎泽湖轮虫的种类、生物数量的初步研究,采用“Shannon-Weaver多样性指数”、群落特征、生物指数和轮虫污染指示种类评价迎泽湖水质状况及营养化程度,研究表明,迎泽湖水质属于寡污-β中污型水体,且各湖区水质污染程度相差不大.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.