气体润湿性评价方法综述

理论和实验证实凝析气藏多孔介质表面润湿性由液湿性转变为优先气湿可显著提高气井产量,且气湿程度对气井产量影响较大。但是由于气体具有较强的压缩性,传统的液湿性定量评价方法((USBM法和Amott法))不适用于气体润湿性评价。通过理论分析和润湿性实验研究,整理并提出了气体润湿性评价的新方法:停滴法、气泡捕获法、表面能法、毛细管上升法。首次提出应用停滴法和气泡捕获法分别建立了气湿性定量评价的方法,确立了气湿性定量评价指标,为气湿性理论研究奠定了基础。     

原油组分对石英表面润湿性的影响与表征方法

采用石油酸、沥青质和原油对石英片表面进行处理,用动态板法和悬滴法分别评价处理前后石英表面的润湿性,获得水湿、中性润湿和油湿3种不同润湿性的石英表面,分析石英表面润湿性改变机制。结果表明:经过铬酸洗液处理后,石英表面亲水性增强;用石油酸甲苯溶液处理后,石英表面变为弱水湿状态;沥青质甲苯溶液使石英表面变为中性润湿性;用20%正庚烷原油混合体系处理得到油湿性的表面,沥青质的吸附和沉积是导致石英表面润湿性反转的主要因素。     

基于混合热格子Boltzmann方法有限热源加热气泡动力学模拟

为探究不同润湿性表面单气泡动力学特性,通过引入差分方法的单组分多相格子Boltzmann模型,耦合能量方程构成了气液相变模型,模拟了不同润湿性表面单气泡形成过程周围流场与温度场细观,阐述了气泡生长脱离机理;研究了润湿性、过热度、有限热源长度对气泡动力学影响.结果表明,在相同过热度下,疏水壁面气泡生长速度大于亲水壁面.气...     

一种气液两相介质含气量检测的瞬态共振声谱法

从理论和实验角度研究了利用瞬态共振声谱法测量气液两相介质中气体含量的可行性.首先,通过数值模拟研究了腔内单气泡大小和位置以及腔内气体含量对谐振腔共振频率的影响;然后,建立一套瞬态共振声谱测量系统,实验考察了谐振腔共振频率和共振幅度随腔内气体流量的变化趋势,并对比了瞬态脉冲法和稳态扫频法所得测量结果的异同点.数值结果表明,谐振腔共振频率对腔内所含气体的体积变化非常敏感,在扰动体的体积非常小的情况下（与谐振腔的相对体积〈0.1%）,小气泡非常小的体积扰动就能引起共振频率的偏移发生很大的变化;小气泡位于腔体不同位置处时,所引起的共振频率偏移大小不同,在腔体中部时达到最大;而对固体小铝柱而言,相同的体积扰动所引起的共振频率差异基本可以忽略.实验结果也表明谐振腔共振声谱对腔内气体含量的变化非常敏感;当气液两相介质中气体含量较小时,共振频率和共振幅度随含气量的增大急剧减小;而当含气量达到较大值时,共振声谱的这种下降趋势逐渐趋于平缓.共振声谱实验测量结果的这种变化趋势与理论模拟结果相一致.另外,对气液两相流这种具有随机性和瞬时性的混合介质而言,在利用共振声谱法测量其含气量时,由于稳态扫描方法测量时间较长,无法完全反映被测介质的瞬态性,此时采用瞬态脉冲法测量更适合.该项研究在油井含气量的定量检测方面具有重要的应用价值.     

泡沫分离技术的研究——Ⅴ.泡沫分离塔内气-液两相的流体力学

在已建立的光电毛细探头技术测定气泡尺寸分布的压力校正方法基础上,应用光电毛细探头微机在线测量方法,研究了各种操作参数,如气体流速、进料量、进料浓度、溶液中NaCl浓度、气体分布器以及布气状态等,对泡沫分离塔内气泡和泡沫气泡尺寸与分布的影响。并在此基础上,由实验结果得到了关于泡沫排液的定量模型,以及鼓泡区内气含率、空塔气速、溶液表面活性剂浓度等参数之间的定量关系。这些定量结果将进一步用于泡沫分离塔的设计计算中。     

气井积液理论预测及室内实验验证

气井中的液体逐渐积累会导致气井产量下降,生产时间缩短,甚至停产.为了揭示气井积液的机理,预测气井积液的临界携液流量,结合理论研究和室内实验开展工作,基于牛顿内摩擦定律气液两相力学平衡建立了液膜反转新模型,反转临界点采用最小气液界面剪力方法计算;该模型考虑了倾斜角对液膜厚度的影响,并基于实验数据改进了气液界面摩擦系数,与前人模型相比准确度更高;将改进模型的结果与室内模拟实验值相比,最大误差不超过10％,可用于气井临界携液流量的计算.模拟实验和理论成果加深了气井积液现象的认识,对积液的原因做出了解释,所提出的预测模型有助于预防气井积液带来的危害,增加了气井产量和经济效益.     

水下高压气体弹射柱体出筒时尾随气泡的数值模拟

从流体动力学角度研究了文题．整个系统分为气泡流场和外部水流场．气泡流场采用零维模型，且假定内部气体作绝热膨胀运动．水流场模型中，假定流体不可压缩、无粘、无旋，忽略液气界面的表面张力，采用在湿表面和气泡表面布置面源的边界无法求解．气泡表面满足运动学边界条件和动力学边界条件，湿表面满足运动学边界条件，据此求解源强的分布．处理了气泡与裙体相碰问题，在气泡与筒体交接处引入虚环，避免了此处强烈的奇性．计算结果显示，裙体所受压力在很短时间内达到最大值，之后迅速下降到负值．     

气泡在含障碍物微通道内的特性研究

采用气液两相流格子Boltzmann方法研究含障碍物的微通道内气泡在浮力作用下上升的特性,主要研究了障碍物润湿性对气泡的变形、分裂、合并等行为的影响.研究发现当障碍物表面亲气时,气泡穿过障碍物时会发生严重变形,并有部分气泡吸附在障碍物表面.因此,气泡会发生分裂.部分留在障碍物表面形成一层均匀的气膜,部分可以顺利穿过障碍物,而障碍物吸附的气泡质量和壁面润湿性相关.当障碍物表面亲水时,尽管气泡在障碍物的挤压下发生严重变形,但在气泡通过障碍物的过程中,气泡和障碍物之间仍然有4个左右网格的距离,因此,全部质量的气泡可以顺利通过障碍物.此外,研究结果还表明障碍物表面亲气程度越强,气泡变形越严重.     

油基完井液引起储层损害的机理研究

用Ａｍｏｔｔ／ＵＳＢＭ法定量评价了国内常用油基完井液体系及其组分对水湿砂岩润湿性和油相有效渗透率的影响。结果表明，油浆滤液损害储层的主要机理是由于表面活性剂所引起的油藏岩石润湿性反转。根据吸附量和界面电性的测量结果，分析了阳离子表面活性剂的油湿作用强于其它类型表面活性剂以及无机离子与阴离子表面活性剂的协同作用能够使润湿性改变程度明显增强的原因。还应用推广的杨氏－拉普拉斯方程和ＤＬＶＯ理论，对表面…     

用气测渗透率法评价川东南龙马溪组页岩流体敏感性

孔喉致密、黏土矿物含量高使得川东南龙马溪组页岩气层具有严重的潜在流体敏感性损害特征。在目前的页岩液体敏感性评价中,研究人员还只是简单地沿用行业标准法,而没有形成系统地针对页岩液体敏感性的评价方法。提出气测渗透率法来评价页岩流体敏感性,并在川东南地区下志留统龙马溪组页岩储层应用,评价结果表明该区块水敏性强、盐敏性强、碱敏性强、酸敏性中等偏强,为合理开发该区块页岩气藏提供了理论基础。与常规方法相比,气测渗透率法不需计量岩心出口端流量,而是测量液体处理后的岩心烘干后的气体渗透率来评价损害程度,从而解决了因页岩液体渗透率极低而引起的测试时间长、实验误差大等问题。此外,气测渗透率法采用气体为实验介质,更符合气井生产实际。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.